@article{62190,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Lignin, a widely available and renewable organic polymer, has several desirable properties and applications. However, as a by‐product of pulp and paper industry, it is mainly burned for energy. Limited understanding of the complex and heterogeneous structure and a shortage of tailored analysis methods hinder its utilization in higher value applications. This study describes and compares the use of two different static light scattering methods, laser diffraction and small‐angle light scattering (SALS), for studying lignin particle size in suspension. The results from laser diffraction showed that the selected particle concentration and absorption coefficient affect the measured sizes especially for particles &lt;1 µm in diameter. For irregularly shaped particles with broad size distributions, sampling is the most important parameter affecting the results. SALS proved an efficient method for obtaining information on particle aggregation by providing primary particle sizes as well as aggregate sizes. Characterization of samples with spherical particles and narrow size distributions is straightforward with both laser diffraction and SALS, whereas the interpretation of results for more heterogeneous samples is less obvious. Static light scattering methods could make lignin particle size analysis more rapid and automated, thus enhancing lignin valorization, but should be applied carefully to avoid systematic errors.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Makkonen, Janita and Ahvenainen, Patrik and Bertella, Stefania and Kellock, Miriam and Saha, Sanjib and Huber, Klaus and Farooq, Muhammad and Österberg, Monika and Penttilä, Paavo}},
  issn         = {{0934-0866}},
  journal      = {{Particle &amp; Particle Systems Characterization}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Static Light Scattering for Lignin Particle Size Characterization}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ppsc.202500085}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62180,
  author       = {{Koch, Leon and Rajput, Satyendra and Richter, Antonio and König, Benedikt and Nayar, Divya and Ebbinghaus, Simon and Huber, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{1520-6106}},
  journal      = {{The Journal of Physical Chemistry B}},
  number       = {{25}},
  pages        = {{6115--6126}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Self-Assembly of Pseudo Isocyanine Chloride in the Presence of Attractive Polyethylene Glycol Crowders}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c06843}},
  volume       = {{129}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62189,
  author       = {{Kollmann, Fabian and Büngeler, Anne and Splett, Miriam and Strube, Oliver I. and Huber, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{1525-7797}},
  journal      = {{Biomacromolecules}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{3104--3112}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of the Growth Mechanism of Eumelanin Particles by Time-Resolved Static and Dynamic Light Scattering}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00158}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62177,
  author       = {{Huber, Klaus and Martens, C.M. and Tuinier, R.}},
  issn         = {{0021-9797}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Colloid and Interface Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Coil dimensions of macromolecules in the presence of crowding colloids: Impact of crowder size}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jcis.2025.137340}},
  volume       = {{691}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{57619,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Ferroelectric liquid crystals exhibiting a chiral smectic C* phase are deposited on z cut periodically poled lithium niobate substrates and investigated by polarized optical microscopy. While the pure substrates placed between crossed polarizers and observed in transmission appear dark, uniformly aligned liquid crystal films deposited on these substrates show alternating domains with varying brightness. This effect can be attributed to the well-known coupling between the direction of the spontaneous polarization and the optical axis in the birefringent ferroelectric smectic C* phase. Quantitative measurements of the tilt angle between the local optical axis and the smectic layer normal confirm antiparallel orientations of spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal from domain to domain, as expected by the periodic poling of the lithium niobate substrate. This effect provides a valuable non-destructive method of optical inspection of the quality of periodically poled ferroelectric substrates, which plays an important role in achieving quasi-phase-matching in non-linear optical applications.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Meier, Patrick A. and Keuker-Baumann, Susanne and Röder, Thorsten and Herrmann, Harald and Ricken, Raimund and Silberhorn, Christine and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  issn         = {{1896-3757}},
  journal      = {{Opto-Electronics Review}},
  pages        = {{150611--150611}},
  publisher    = {{Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery}},
  title        = {{{Optical imaging of ferroelectric domains in periodically poled lithium niobate using ferroelectric liquid crystals}}},
  doi          = {{10.24425/opelre.2024.150611}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57618,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The presence of a polymer network and/or the addition of ferroelectric nanoparticles to a nematic liquid crystal are found to lower transition temperatures and birefringence, which indicates reduced orientational order. In addition, the electro-optic switching voltage is considerably increased when a polymer network is formed by in situ polymerization in the nematic state. However, the resulting polymer network liquid crystal switches at similar voltages as the neat liquid crystal when polymerization is performed at an elevated temperature in the isotropic state. When nanoparticle dispersions are polymerized at an applied DC voltage, the transition temperatures and switching voltages are reduced, yet they are larger than those observed for polymer network liquid crystals without nanoparticles polymerized in the isotropic phase.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Nordendorf, Gaby and Jünnemann-Held, Gisela and Lorenz, Alexander and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  issn         = {{2079-4991}},
  journal      = {{Nanomaterials}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Effects of Composition and Polymerization Conditions on the Electro-Optic Performance of Liquid Crystal–Polymer Composites Doped with Ferroelectric Nanoparticles}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/nano14110961}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57616,
  author       = {{Becker, David and Meier, Patrick and Kuhlmann, Andreas and Sternemann, Christian and Bock, Harald and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  issn         = {{2637-6113}},
  journal      = {{ACS Applied Electronic Materials}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{1234--1243}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Influence of the Deposition Rate on the Alignment and Performance of Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Tetraethyl Ester in an Organic Light Emitting Diode}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsaelm.3c01586}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57620,
  author       = {{Zhang, Bingru and Martens, Kevin and Kneer, Luisa and Nguyen, Linh and Kempter, Susanne and Huber, Klaus and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  issn         = {{1542-1406}},
  journal      = {{Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals}},
  pages        = {{1--9}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of nano-rods fabricated by the DNA origami method using static and dynamic light scattering}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/15421406.2024.2418067}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57625,
  author       = {{Giesselmann, Frank and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried and Zentel, Rudolf}},
  issn         = {{1358-314X}},
  journal      = {{Liquid Crystals Today}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{2--9}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Fifty years of liquid crystal research in the mirror of the German Liquid Crystal Conference}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/1358314x.2024.2415787}},
  volume       = {{33}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{61848,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Understanding how water interacts with nanopores of carbonaceous electrodes is crucial for energy storage and conversion applications. A high surface area of carbonaceous materials does not necessarily need to translate to a high electrolyte‐solid interface area. Herein, we study the interaction of water with nanoporous C<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> materials to explain their very low specific capacitance in aqueous electrolytes despite their high surface area. Water was used to probe chemical environments, provided by pores of different sizes, in <jats:sup>1</jats:sup>H MAS NMR experiments. We observe that regardless of their high hydrophilicity, only a negligible portion of water can enter the nanopores of C<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>, in contrast to a reference pure carbon material with a similar pore structure. The common paradigm that water easily enters hydrophilic pores does not apply to C<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> nanopores below a few nanometers. Calorimetric and sorption experiments demonstrated strong water adsorption on the C<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> surface, which restricts water mobility across the interface and impedes its penetration into the nanopores.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Lamata‐Bermejo, Irene and Keil, Waldemar and Nolkemper, Karlo and Heske, Julian and Kossmann, Janina and Elgabarty, Hossam and Wortmann, Martin and Chorążewski, Mirosław and Schmidt, Claudia and Kühne, Thomas D. and López‐Salas, Nieves and Odziomek, Mateusz}},
  issn         = {{1433-7851}},
  journal      = {{Angewandte Chemie International Edition}},
  number       = {{50}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Understanding the Wettability of C<sub>1</sub>N<sub>1</sub> (Sub)Nanopores: Implications for Porous Carbonaceous Electrodes}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/anie.202411493}},
  volume       = {{63}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62255,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Cellular stress and ageing involve an increase in crowding and aggregation of amylogenic proteins. We here investigate if crowding is the intrinsic cause of aggregation and utilise a previously established non-protein aggregation sensor, namely pseudoisocyanine chloride (PIC). PIC shows fibrillization in cells into a highly fluorescent J-aggregated state and is sensitive to crowding. Surprisingly, cell stress conditions stabilise the monomeric rather than the aggregated state of PIC both in the cytoplasm and in stress granules. Regarding the different physiochemical changes of the cytoplasm occurring upon cell stress, involving volume reduction, phase separation and solidification, the intrinsic crowding effect is not the key factor to drive associated self-assembly processes.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Pollak, Roland and Koch, Leon and König, Benedikt and Ribeiro, Sara S. and Samanta, Nirnay and Huber, Klaus and Ebbinghaus, Simon}},
  issn         = {{2399-3669}},
  journal      = {{Communications Chemistry}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Cell stress and phase separation stabilize the monomeric state of pseudoisocyanine chloride employed as a self-assembly crowding sensor}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s42004-024-01315-y}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62252,
  author       = {{Alfano, Caterina and Fichou, Yann and Huber, Klaus and Weiss, Matthias and Spruijt, Evan and Ebbinghaus, Simon and De Luca, Giuseppe and Morando, Maria Agnese and Vetri, Valeria and Temussi, Piero Andrea and Pastore, Annalisa}},
  issn         = {{0009-2665}},
  journal      = {{Chemical Reviews}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{3186--3219}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Molecular Crowding: The History and Development of a Scientific Paradigm}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00615}},
  volume       = {{124}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62251,
  author       = {{Müller, Wenke and Sroka, Weronika and Schweins, Ralf and Nöcker, Bernd and Poon, Jia-Fei and Huber, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{0743-7463}},
  journal      = {{Langmuir}},
  number       = {{17}},
  pages        = {{8872--8885}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Impact of Additive Hydrophilicity on Mixed Dye-Nonionic Surfactant Micelles: Micelle Morphology and Dye Localization}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00012}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62250,
  author       = {{Saha, Sanjib and Büngeler, Anne and Hense, Dominik and Strube, Oliver I. and Huber, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{0743-7463}},
  journal      = {{Langmuir}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{4152--4163}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{On the Mechanism of Self-Assembly of Fibrinogen in Thrombin-free Aqueous Solution}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03132}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62254,
  author       = {{Koch, Leon and Saha, Sanjib and Huber, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{1948-7185}},
  journal      = {{The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters}},
  number       = {{39}},
  pages        = {{9987--9993}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Impact of Temperature on the Self-Assembly of Fibrinogen in Thrombin-Free Solutions}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02180}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{62253,
  author       = {{Koch, Leon and Pollak, Roland and Ebbinghaus, Simon and Huber, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{0743-7463}},
  journal      = {{Langmuir}},
  number       = {{31}},
  pages        = {{16151--16159}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Early Stages of FUS Droplet Formation via Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01243}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{49609,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The alignment of liquid crystals on surfaces plays a central role in optimizing their performances. In this work, a cutting-edge nano-lithography-based method to control the local orientation of a thermotropic liquid crystal is applied to easily available commercial standard materials and evaluated. Parallel nanogrooves on a substrate, created through 3D nanoprinting in a negative-tone photoresin optimized for two-photon polymerization are used for this purpose. Azimuthal anchoring energies of the order from 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> J/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup> J/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> are found, depending on the spacing, width and depth of the grooves. In part, these values are larger than those reported previously for another photopolymer. Both uniform alignment and spatial patterns of different alignment directions can be realized. Electro-optic studies confirm the suitability of the method for electrically addressable photonic applications and indicate strong polar anchoring.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Zhang, Bingru and Plidschun, Malte and Schmidt, Markus A. and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  issn         = {{2159-3930}},
  journal      = {{Optical Materials Express}},
  keywords     = {{Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{Optica Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Anchoring and electro-optic switching of liquid crystals on nano-structured surfaces fabricated by two-photon based nano-printing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/ome.503100}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{43440,
  author       = {{Zhang, Bingru and Nguyen, Linh and Martens, Kevin and Heuer-Jungemann, Amelie and Philipp, Julian and Kempter, Susanne and Rädler, Joachim O. and Liedl, Tim and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  issn         = {{0267-8292}},
  journal      = {{Liquid Crystals}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemistry}},
  number       = {{7-10}},
  pages        = {{1243--1251}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Luminescent DNA-origami nano-rods dispersed in a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/02678292.2023.2188494}},
  volume       = {{50}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{40513,
  abstract     = {{Geometric-phase dielectric meta-lenses made of silicon with high numerical aperture and short focal lengths are fabricated and characterised. For circularly polarised light, the same meta-lens can act as a converging or diverging lens, depending on the handedness of the circular polarisation. This effect enables application for optical tweezers that trap or release µm-size polymer beads floating in a microfluidic channel on demand. An electrically addressable polarisation converter based on liquid crystals may be used to switch between the two states of polarisation, at which the light transmitted through the meta-lens is focused (trapping) or defocussed (releasing), respectively.}},
  author       = {{Geromel, René and Rennerich, Roman and Zentgraf, Thomas and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  journal      = {{Liquid Crystals}},
  number       = {{7-10}},
  pages        = {{1193--1203}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor & Francis}},
  title        = {{{Geometric-phase metalens to be used for tunable optical tweezers in microfluidics}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/02678292.2023.2171146}},
  volume       = {{50}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{61854,
  author       = {{Fery, Andreas and Gradzielski, Michael and Richtering, Walter and Schmidt, Claudia}},
  issn         = {{0303-402X}},
  journal      = {{Colloid and Polymer Science}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{681--683}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Colloid Science—as modern as ever}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00396-023-05145-7}},
  volume       = {{301}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}