@article{54943,
  abstract     = {{Proteolytic activation is a unique feature of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the physiologically relevant proteases remain to be identified. The serine protease trypsin I can activate ENaC in vitro but is unlikely to be the physiologically relevant activating protease in ENaC-expressing tissues in vivo. Herein, we investigated whether human trypsin IV, a form of trypsin that is co-expressed in several extrapancreatic epithelial cells with ENaC, can activate human ENaC. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, we monitored proteolytic activation of ENaC currents and the appearance of $\gamma$ENaC cleavage products at the cell surface. We demonstrated that trypsin IV and trypsin I can stimulate ENaC heterologously expressed in oocytes. ENaC cleavage and activation by trypsin IV but not by trypsin I required a critical cleavage site (Lys-189) in the extracellular domain of the $\gamma$-subunit. In contrast, channel activation by trypsin I was prevented by mutating three putative cleavage sites (Lys-168, Lys-170, and Arg-172) in addition to mutating previously described prostasin (RKRK(178)), plasmin (Lys-189), and neutrophil elastase (Val-182 and Val-193) sites. Moreover, we found that trypsin IV is expressed in human renal epithelial cells and can increase ENaC-mediated sodium transport in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Thus, trypsin IV may regulate ENaC function in epithelial tissues. Our results show, for the first time, that trypsin IV can stimulate ENaC and that trypsin IV and trypsin I activate ENaC by cleavage at distinct sites. The presence of distinct cleavage sites may be important for ENaC regulation by tissue-specific proteases.}},
  author       = {{Haerteis, Silke and Krappitz, Annabel and Krappitz, Matteus and Murphy, Jane E. and Bertog, Marko and Krueger, Bettina and Nacken, Regina and Chung, Hyunjae and Hollenberg, Morley D. and Knecht, Wolfgang and Bunnett, Nigel W. and Korbmacher, Christoph}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Biological Chemistry}},
  number       = {{27}},
  pages        = {{19067–19078}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Proteolytic Activation of the Human Epithelial Sodium Channel by Trypsin IV and Trypsin I Involves Distinct Cleavage Sites}}},
  doi          = {{10.1074/jbc.m113.538470}},
  volume       = {{289}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{28347,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction</jats:italic>. Physical activity (PA) in preschoolers is vital to protect against obesity but is influenced by different early-life factors. The present study investigated the impact of different preschool programs and selected family factors on preschoolers’ PA in different countries in an explorative way.<jats:italic>Methods</jats:italic>. The PA of 114 children (age = 5.3 ± 0.65 years) attending different preschool settings in four cities of the trinational Upper Rhine region (Freiburg, Landau/Germany, Basel/Switzerland, and Strasbourg/France) was measured by direct accelerometry. Anthropometrical and family-related data were obtained. Timetables of preschools were analyzed.<jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. Comparing the preschool settings, children from Strasbourg and Landau were significantly more passive than children from Basel and Freiburg (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>.01</mml:mn></mml:math>). With regard to the family context as an important early-life factor, a higher number of children in a family along with the mother’s and child’s anthropometrical status are predictors of engagement in PA.<jats:italic>Conclusion</jats:italic>. More open preschool systems such as those in Basel, Freiburg, and Landau do not lead to more PA “per se” compared to the highly regimented desk-based system in France. Preliminaries such as special training and the number of caregivers might be necessary elements to enhance PA. In family contexts, targeted PA interventions for special groups should be more focused in the future.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Röttger, K. and Grimminger-Seidensticker, Elke and Kreuser, F. and Assländer, L. and Gollhofer, A. and Korsten-Reck, U. and Gollhofer, A.}},
  issn         = {{2090-0708}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Obesity}},
  pages        = {{1--8}},
  title        = {{{Physical Activity in Different Preschool Settings: An Exploratory Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.1155/2014/321701}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inbook{28949,
  author       = {{Grimminger-Seidensticker, Elke and Lüsebrink, I.}},
  booktitle    = {{Was der Fall ist: Fallarbeit in Bildungsforschung, Lehrerbildung und frühpädagogischen Ausbildungs- und Berufsfeldern}},
  editor       = {{Pieper, I. and Frei, P. and Hauenschild, K. and Schmidt-Thieme, B.}},
  pages        = {{201--212}},
  publisher    = {{VS Springer}},
  title        = {{{Fallorientierte Lehrer- und Lehrerinnenausbildung evaluieren - Überlegungen zur Modellierung reflexiver Kompetenz}}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{28876,
  author       = {{Grimminger-Seidensticker, Elke and Vieille Marchiset, G. and Aceti, M. and Knobé, S. and Didierjean, R. and Digennaro, S.}},
  journal      = {{L´observatoire}},
  pages        = {{9--13}},
  title        = {{{Corps en mouvement, corps en santé. Regards socio-anthropologiques sur des enfants de quartiers pauvres en Europe}}},
  volume       = {{80}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{28880,
  author       = {{Grimminger-Seidensticker, Elke}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Physical Education and Sport}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{222--231}},
  title        = {{{The Correlation of Recognition and Non-recognition Experiences in Physical Education with Childrens´ Self-Concept – Are there really Gender differences? }}},
  doi          = {{10.7752/jpes.2014.02034}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{28884,
  author       = {{Grimminger-Seidensticker, Elke}},
  journal      = {{An International Journal}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{155--171}},
  title        = {{{Getting into Teams or Pairs in Physical Education and Exclusion Processes Among Students – A Mixed-method Study}}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{40219,
  author       = {{Wagenknecht, Inga and Meier-Gräwe, Uta}},
  issn         = {{1616-8836}},
  journal      = {{Zeitschrift für Paar-, Familien- und Sozialtherapie}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{91--108}},
  publisher    = {{Psychosozial-Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Auf- und Ausbau Früher Hilfen in Zeiten knapper öffentlicher Kassen. Warum es sich lohnt, in Frühe Hilfen zu investieren}}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{31703,
  author       = {{Ramgopal, S and Thome-Souza, S and Jackson, M and Kadish, NE and Sánchez Fernández, I and Klehm, J and Bosl, W and Reinsberger, Claus and Schachter, S and Loddenkemper, T}},
  issn         = {{1525-5050}},
  journal      = {{Epilepsy Behav}},
  pages        = {{291--307}},
  title        = {{{Seizure detection, seizure prediction, and closed-loop warning systems in epilepsy.}}},
  volume       = {{37}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{31716,
  author       = {{DeSalvo, MN and Douw, L and Tanaka, N and Reinsberger, Claus and Stufflebeam, SM}},
  issn         = {{0033-8419}},
  journal      = {{Radiology}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{842--848}},
  title        = {{{Altered structural connectome in temporal lobe epilepsy.}}},
  volume       = {{270}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{46716,
  author       = {{Bläsing, Bettina E and Güldenpenning, Iris and Koester, Dirk and Schack, Thomas}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Psychology}},
  pages        = {{1008}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{Expertise affects representation structure and categorical activation of grasp postures in climbing}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01008}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inproceedings{46921,
  author       = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Schack, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{57th conference of Experimental Psychologists (TeaP)}},
  editor       = {{Schütz, A.C. and Drewing, K. and Gegenfurtner, K.}},
  location     = {{Giessen}},
  pages        = {{91}},
  publisher    = {{Pabst Science Publishers}},
  title        = {{{I spy with my little eye - the unconscious processing of head fakes in basketball}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.878}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{46901,
  author       = {{Kehne, Miriam}},
  journal      = {{Grundschule Sport - Fit und gesund}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{6--7}},
  title        = {{{Walking Bus - Auf die Füße fertig los!}}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{56034,
  author       = {{Weigelt, Matthias and Lohbreier, Marlene and Wunsch, Kathrin and Kämpfe, Astrid and Klingsieck, Katrin}},
  journal      = {{sportunterricht}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1--6}},
  title        = {{{"An die Schule, fertig, los!" Als wie belastend erleben Referendarinnen und Referendare mit dem Unterrichtsfach Sport den Anfang ihrer Schullaufbahn?}}},
  volume       = {{63}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{56035,
  author       = {{Kämpfe, Astrid and Höner, Oliver and Willimczik, Klaus}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{32--48}},
  title        = {{{Multiplicity and development of achievement motivation: A comparative study between German elite athletes with and without a disability.}}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@book{57703,
  author       = {{Neuhaus, Dorothee}},
  publisher    = {{Dr. Kovac}},
  title        = {{{Zum Einfluss von zusätzlichen Instruktionen bei unterschiedlichen Aufmerksamkeitsfokusbedingungen auf das bi-und monopedale Stehen}}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inproceedings{57723,
  author       = {{Neuhaus, Dorothee and Wünnemann, M}},
  booktitle    = {{Schriften der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft}},
  editor       = {{Maurer, L.K and Döhring, F and Ferger, K and Maurer, H and Reiser, M and Müller, H}},
  pages        = {{139}},
  publisher    = {{Feldhaus Czwalina}},
  title        = {{{Zum Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Fokusinstruktionen auf Rambling & Trembling beim bi- und monopedalen Stehen auf dem Luftkissen}}},
  volume       = {{237}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inproceedings{57722,
  author       = {{Wünnemann, M and Neuhaus, Dorothee}},
  booktitle    = {{Schriften der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft}},
  editor       = {{Maurer, L.K and Döhring, F and Ferger, K and Maurer, H and Reiser, M and Müller, H}},
  pages        = {{144}},
  publisher    = {{Feldhaus Czwalina}},
  title        = {{{Zum Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Fokusinstruktionen auf Rambling & Trembling beim bi- und monopedalen Stehen}}},
  volume       = {{237}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@inproceedings{57721,
  author       = {{Wünnemann, M and Neuhaus, Dorothee}},
  booktitle    = {{Book of Abstracts of the 19th annual Congress of the 2nd 5th European College of Sport Science - July 2014, Amsterdam, - The Netherlands}},
  editor       = {{De Haan, A and De Ruiter, C.J and Tsolakidis, E}},
  pages        = {{669}},
  publisher    = {{Digital Printing Partners}},
  title        = {{{Rambling und Trembling Decomposition of Sway Reveals Effects of Focus Instructions in Quiet Standing}}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{60720,
  author       = {{Needle, Alan R. and Swanik, C. Buz and Schubert, Michael and Reinecke, Kirsten and Farquhar, William B. and Higginson, Jill S. and Kaminski, Thomas W. and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1439-6319}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{2129--2138}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Decoupling of laxity and cortical activation in functionally unstable ankles during joint loading}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00421-014-2929-3}},
  volume       = {{114}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

@article{26910,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Hence, carbohydrate quality could be of relevance to the risk of NAFLD, but prospective data are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate longitudinal associations between carbohydrate quality (including dietary glycaemic index (GI) and intakes of sugar, starch and fibre) and markers of liver function in an older Australian population. The analysis was based on 866 participants ( ≥ 49 years) of the Blue Mountains Eye Study with fasting blood specimens and dietary intake data at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Multi-level mixed regression analysis was used to relate dietary GI and sugar, starch and fibre intake to the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as fasting TAG and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, a lower fibre intake was cross-sectionally related to higher GGT (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>= 0·02) and fasting TAG (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>= 0·002) levels, with fruit fibre being the most relevant fibre source (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>= 0·095 for GGT; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>= 0·003 for TAG). A higher dietary GI was associated with lower HDL-C (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>= 0·046). Changes in carbohydrate quality during 5 years were not related to changes in ALT, GGT, TAG or HDL-C (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>≥ 0·08). In conclusion, the absence of longitudinal associations between carbohydrate quality and liver enzymes and serum lipids in this older population does not support a major role of carbohydrate nutrition in liver function among the elderly.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Goletzke, Janina and Buyken, Anette and Gopinath, Bamini and Rochtchina, Elena and Barclay, Alan W. and Cheng, Guo and Brand-Miller, Jennie C. and Mitchell, Paul}},
  issn         = {{0007-1145}},
  journal      = {{British Journal of Nutrition}},
  pages        = {{918--925}},
  title        = {{{Carbohydrate quality is not associated with liver enzyme activity and plasma TAG and HDL concentrations over 5 years in an older population}}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/s0007114512005867}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}