[{"issue":"3","publication":"Physical Review Research","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>In this paper, we theoretically study the spectral and temporal properties of pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) generated in lossy waveguides. Our theoretical approach is based on the formalism of Gaussian states and the Langevin equation, which is elaborated for weak parametric down-conversion and photon-number-unresolved click detection. Using the example of frequency-degenerate type-II SPDC generated under the pump-idler group-velocity-matching condition, we show how the joint-spectral intensity, mode structure, normalized second-order correlation function, and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference pattern depend on internal losses of the SPDC process. We found that the joint-spectral intensity is almost insensitive to internal losses, while the second-order correlation function shows a strong dependence on them, being different for the signal and idler beams in the presence of internal losses. Based on the sensitivity of the normalized second-order correlation function, we show how its measurement can be used to experimentally determine internal losses.</jats:p>"}],"date_created":"2025-12-05T09:33:36Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"288"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"35"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Kopylov","first_name":"Denis A.","full_name":"Kopylov, Denis A."},{"id":"42777","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Stefszky","full_name":"Stefszky, Michael"},{"id":"344","full_name":"Meier, Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Torsten"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine","id":"26263"},{"id":"60286","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina R.","last_name":"Sharapova","first_name":"Polina R."}],"title":"Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation","year":"2025","intvolume":"         7","date_updated":"2025-12-05T09:55:22Z","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"033122","doi":"10.1103/zp72-7qwl","citation":{"mla":"Kopylov, Denis A., et al. “Spectral and Temporal Properties of Type-II Parametric down-Conversion: The Impact of Losses during State Generation.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 3, 033122, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl\">10.1103/zp72-7qwl</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Kopylov_Stefszky_Meier_Silberhorn_Sharapova_2025, title={Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl\">10.1103/zp72-7qwl</a>}, number={3033122}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Kopylov, Denis A. and Stefszky, Michael and Meier, Torsten and Silberhorn, Christine and Sharapova, Polina R.}, year={2025} }","ama":"Kopylov DA, Stefszky M, Meier T, Silberhorn C, Sharapova PR. Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl\">10.1103/zp72-7qwl</a>","ieee":"D. A. Kopylov, M. Stefszky, T. Meier, C. Silberhorn, and P. R. Sharapova, “Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 3, Art. no. 033122, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl\">10.1103/zp72-7qwl</a>.","apa":"Kopylov, D. A., Stefszky, M., Meier, T., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Sharapova, P. R. (2025). Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(3), Article 033122. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl\">https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl</a>","chicago":"Kopylov, Denis A., Michael Stefszky, Torsten Meier, Christine Silberhorn, and Polina R. Sharapova. “Spectral and Temporal Properties of Type-II Parametric down-Conversion: The Impact of Losses during State Generation.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 3 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl\">https://doi.org/10.1103/zp72-7qwl</a>.","short":"D.A. Kopylov, M. Stefszky, T. Meier, C. Silberhorn, P.R. Sharapova, Physical Review Research 7 (2025)."},"project":[{"_id":"266","name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing"},{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C","_id":"56"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"}],"status":"public","_id":"62911","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","volume":7,"user_id":"16199"},{"project":[{"name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Hunstig, Anna, Sebastian Peitz, Hendrik Rose, and Torsten Meier. “Accelerating the Analysis of Optical Quantum Systems Using the Koopman Operator.” In <i>2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589\">https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589</a>.","short":"A. Hunstig, S. Peitz, H. Rose, T. Meier, in: 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), IEEE, 2025.","apa":"Hunstig, A., Peitz, S., Rose, H., &#38; Meier, T. (2025). Accelerating the analysis of optical quantum systems using the Koopman operator. <i>2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589\">https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589</a>","ieee":"A. Hunstig, S. Peitz, H. Rose, and T. Meier, “Accelerating the analysis of optical quantum systems using the Koopman operator,” 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589\">10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589</a>.","ama":"Hunstig A, Peitz S, Rose H, Meier T. Accelerating the analysis of optical quantum systems using the Koopman operator. In: <i>2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)</i>. IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589\">10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Hunstig_Peitz_Rose_Meier_2025, title={Accelerating the analysis of optical quantum systems using the Koopman operator}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589\">10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589</a>}, booktitle={2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Hunstig, Anna and Peitz, Sebastian and Rose, Hendrik and Meier, Torsten}, year={2025} }","mla":"Hunstig, Anna, et al. “Accelerating the Analysis of Optical Quantum Systems Using the Koopman Operator.” <i>2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)</i>, IEEE, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589\">10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589</a>."},"publication":"2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"35"}],"type":"conference","date_created":"2025-12-05T09:37:58Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-05T09:40:24Z","author":[{"id":"73659","full_name":"Hunstig, Anna","last_name":"Hunstig","first_name":"Anna"},{"id":"47427","full_name":"Peitz, Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-3389-793X","last_name":"Peitz","first_name":"Sebastian"},{"id":"55958","full_name":"Rose, Hendrik","last_name":"Rose","orcid":"0000-0002-3079-5428","first_name":"Hendrik"},{"id":"344","full_name":"Meier, Torsten","last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072"}],"status":"public","title":"Accelerating the analysis of optical quantum systems using the Koopman operator","year":"2025","user_id":"16199","doi":"10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589","_id":"62913","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"IEEE"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"122776","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776","author":[{"full_name":"Bocchini, Adriana","orcid":"0000-0002-2134-3075","last_name":"Bocchini","first_name":"Adriana","id":"58349"},{"last_name":"Kollmann","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Kollmann, S."},{"id":"171","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X","first_name":"Uwe","last_name":"Gerstmann"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Wolf Gero","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","id":"468"},{"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Grundmeier","full_name":"Grundmeier, Guido","id":"194"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0039-6028"]},"year":"2025","title":"Phosphonic acid adsorption on <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si23.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e564\"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math>-Bi<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si24.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e569\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si25.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e577\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> surfaces","intvolume":"       760","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:34:10Z","date_created":"2025-07-09T09:23:04Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"790"},{"_id":"302"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"27"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Surface Science","publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"60568","volume":760,"user_id":"16199","status":"public","oa":"1","citation":{"mla":"Bocchini, Adriana, et al. “Phosphonic Acid Adsorption on &#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\" Altimg=\"si23.Svg\" Display=\"inline\" Id=\"d1e564\"&#62;&#60;mml:Mi&#62;α&#60;/Mml:Mi&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62;-Bi&#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\" Altimg=\"si24.Svg\" Display=\"inline\" Id=\"d1e569\"&#62;&#60;mml:Msub&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;mml:Mn&#62;2&#60;/Mml:Mn&#62;&#60;/Mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;/Mml:Msub&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62;O&#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\" Altimg=\"si25.Svg\" Display=\"inline\" Id=\"d1e577\"&#62;&#60;mml:Msub&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;mml:Mn&#62;3&#60;/Mml:Mn&#62;&#60;/Mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;/Mml:Msub&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62; Surfaces.” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 760, 122776, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776\">10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776</a>.","ama":"Bocchini A, Kollmann S, Gerstmann U, Schmidt WG, Grundmeier G. Phosphonic acid adsorption on &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si23.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e564\"&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;α&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;-Bi&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si24.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e569\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;2&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;O&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si25.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e577\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;3&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62; surfaces. <i>Surface Science</i>. 2025;760. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776\">10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776</a>","bibtex":"@article{Bocchini_Kollmann_Gerstmann_Schmidt_Grundmeier_2025, title={Phosphonic acid adsorption on &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si23.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e564\"&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;α&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;-Bi&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si24.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e569\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;2&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;O&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si25.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e577\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;3&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62; surfaces}, volume={760}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776\">10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776</a>}, number={122776}, journal={Surface Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bocchini, Adriana and Kollmann, S. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Grundmeier, Guido}, year={2025} }","apa":"Bocchini, A., Kollmann, S., Gerstmann, U., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Grundmeier, G. (2025). Phosphonic acid adsorption on &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si23.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e564\"&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;α&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;-Bi&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si24.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e569\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;2&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;O&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si25.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e577\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;3&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62; surfaces. <i>Surface Science</i>, <i>760</i>, Article 122776. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776</a>","ieee":"A. Bocchini, S. Kollmann, U. Gerstmann, W. G. Schmidt, and G. Grundmeier, “Phosphonic acid adsorption on &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si23.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e564\"&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;α&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;-Bi&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si24.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e569\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;2&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;O&#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si25.svg\" display=\"inline\" id=\"d1e577\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:mrow&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;3&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:mrow&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62; surfaces,” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 760, Art. no. 122776, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776\">10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776</a>.","short":"A. Bocchini, S. Kollmann, U. Gerstmann, W.G. Schmidt, G. Grundmeier, Surface Science 760 (2025).","chicago":"Bocchini, Adriana, S. Kollmann, Uwe Gerstmann, Wolf Gero Schmidt, and Guido Grundmeier. “Phosphonic Acid Adsorption on &#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\" Altimg=\"si23.Svg\" Display=\"inline\" Id=\"d1e564\"&#62;&#60;mml:Mi&#62;α&#60;/Mml:Mi&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62;-Bi&#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\" Altimg=\"si24.Svg\" Display=\"inline\" Id=\"d1e569\"&#62;&#60;mml:Msub&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;mml:Mn&#62;2&#60;/Mml:Mn&#62;&#60;/Mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;/Mml:Msub&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62;O&#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\" Altimg=\"si25.Svg\" Display=\"inline\" Id=\"d1e577\"&#62;&#60;mml:Msub&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow/&#62;&#60;mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;mml:Mn&#62;3&#60;/Mml:Mn&#62;&#60;/Mml:Mrow&#62;&#60;/Mml:Msub&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62; Surfaces.” <i>Surface Science</i> 760 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776</a>."},"project":[{"name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"},{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"_id":"55","name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B"},{"_id":"54","name":"TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B07: TRR 142 - Polaronen-Einfluss auf die optischen Eigenschaften von Lithiumniobat (B07*)","_id":"168"},{"name":"TRR 142 - A11: TRR 142 - Subproject A11","_id":"166"}]},{"user_id":"16199","volume":3027,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","_id":"61353","status":"public","project":[{"name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"},{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"_id":"166","name":"TRR 142 - Subproject A11"}],"citation":{"apa":"Franzke, K. L., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Gerstmann, U. (2025). Finite-size and relativistic effects onto hyperfine interaction of muonic hydrogen. <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series</i>, <i>3027</i>(1), Article 012001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001</a>","ieee":"K. L. Franzke, W. G. Schmidt, and U. Gerstmann, “Finite-size and relativistic effects onto hyperfine interaction of muonic hydrogen,” <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series</i>, vol. 3027, no. 1, Art. no. 012001, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001\">10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001</a>.","short":"K.L. Franzke, W.G. Schmidt, U. Gerstmann, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3027 (2025).","chicago":"Franzke, Katharina L., Wolf Gero Schmidt, and Uwe Gerstmann. “Finite-Size and Relativistic Effects onto Hyperfine Interaction of Muonic Hydrogen.” <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series</i> 3027, no. 1 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001</a>.","mla":"Franzke, Katharina L., et al. “Finite-Size and Relativistic Effects onto Hyperfine Interaction of Muonic Hydrogen.” <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series</i>, vol. 3027, no. 1, 012001, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001\">10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001</a>.","ama":"Franzke KL, Schmidt WG, Gerstmann U. Finite-size and relativistic effects onto hyperfine interaction of muonic hydrogen. <i>Journal of Physics: Conference Series</i>. 2025;3027(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001\">10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001</a>","bibtex":"@article{Franzke_Schmidt_Gerstmann_2025, title={Finite-size and relativistic effects onto hyperfine interaction of muonic hydrogen}, volume={3027}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001\">10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001</a>}, number={1012001}, journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Franzke, Katharina L. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Gerstmann, Uwe}, year={2025} }"},"doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001","article_number":"012001","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:32:45Z","intvolume":"      3027","title":"Finite-size and relativistic effects onto hyperfine interaction of muonic hydrogen","year":"2025","author":[{"last_name":"Franzke","first_name":"Katharina L.","full_name":"Franzke, Katharina L."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Wolf Gero","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","id":"468"},{"first_name":"Uwe","last_name":"Gerstmann","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","id":"171"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"]},"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"27"},{"_id":"790"}],"date_created":"2025-09-18T11:17:05Z","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>Muonic hydrogen is an exotic atom where a muon instead of an electron is bound to a proton. The comparably high mass of the muon (≈ 207 · <jats:italic>m<jats:sub>e</jats:sub>\r\n                  </jats:italic>) has two important effects, (i) the reduced mass of the system becomes more important, and (ii) the muon is localized much closer to the nucleus. Thus, muonic hydrogen is not only excellently suitable for evaluating highly precise quantum electrodynamic (QED) calculations, but may also be used for assessing new approaches including finite nuclear size (FNS) effects to evaluate the proton structure and improve calculation schemes for the hyperfine splittings of many-particle systems, as e.g. to be implemented in density functional theory (DFT) software packages. Here, starting from Dirac’s equation we calculate the relativistic hyperfine splitting of the ground state and several excited states of muonic hydrogen analytically for different charge and magnetization models. The FNS related hyperfine shifts are compared with the differences between QED calculations and experimental measurements. This comparison also allows to unravel the role of the reduced mass, which is on one hand crucial in case of muonic atoms, but on the other hand is by no means well defined in relativistic quantum mechanics.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1","publication":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"citation":{"ieee":"V. Devaraj <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly,” 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>.","apa":"Devaraj, V., Ruiz Alvarado, I. A., Lee, J., Oh, J.-W., Gerstmann, U., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2025). Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly. <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>","chicago":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, Isaac Azahel Ruiz Alvarado, Jongmin Lee, Jin-Woo Oh, Uwe Gerstmann, Wolf Gero Schmidt, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly.” In <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>.","short":"V. Devaraj, I.A. Ruiz Alvarado, J. Lee, J.-W. Oh, U. Gerstmann, W.G. Schmidt, T. Zentgraf, in: 2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC), IEEE, 2025.","mla":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, et al. “Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly.” <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>, IEEE, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Devaraj_Ruiz Alvarado_Lee_Oh_Gerstmann_Schmidt_Zentgraf_2025, title={Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>}, booktitle={2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Devaraj, Vasanthan and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Lee, Jongmin and Oh, Jin-Woo and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2025} }","ama":"Devaraj V, Ruiz Alvarado IA, Lee J, et al. Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly. In: <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>. IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>"},"publication":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &amp;amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","date_created":"2025-09-18T11:09:30Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"790"}],"type":"conference","author":[{"full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan","first_name":"Vasanthan","last_name":"Devaraj","id":"103814"},{"last_name":"Ruiz Alvarado","first_name":"Isaac Azahel","orcid":"0000-0002-4710-1170","full_name":"Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel","id":"79462"},{"first_name":"Jongmin","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Jongmin"},{"full_name":"Oh, Jin-Woo","last_name":"Oh","first_name":"Jin-Woo"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X","first_name":"Uwe","last_name":"Gerstmann","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","id":"171"},{"id":"468","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","first_name":"Wolf Gero"},{"full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","first_name":"Thomas","id":"30525"}],"title":"Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly","status":"public","year":"2025","date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:32:18Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"61352","publisher":"IEEE","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762","user_id":"16199"},{"article_number":"e20487","_id":"62866","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/advs.202520487","user_id":"16199","status":"public","year":"2025","title":"Efficient n‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism","author":[{"first_name":"Huan","last_name":"Wei","full_name":"Wei, Huan"},{"full_name":"Wu, Tong","first_name":"Tong","last_name":"Wu"},{"last_name":"Dong","first_name":"Chuanding","full_name":"Dong, Chuanding"},{"first_name":"Chen","last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Chen"},{"first_name":"Zhenqi","last_name":"Gong","full_name":"Gong, Zhenqi"},{"full_name":"Xia, Jiangnan","last_name":"Xia","first_name":"Jiangnan"},{"first_name":"Chengyuan","last_name":"Peng","full_name":"Peng, Chengyuan"},{"full_name":"Ding, Jiaqi","last_name":"Ding","first_name":"Jiaqi"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yu","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Yu"},{"last_name":"Shi","first_name":"Wenpei","full_name":"Shi, Wenpei"},{"id":"27271","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Schumacher","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Xue","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Xue"},{"full_name":"Bai, Yugang","last_name":"Bai","first_name":"Yugang"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Lang","first_name":"Lang","last_name":"Jiang"},{"first_name":"Lei","last_name":"Liao","full_name":"Liao, Lei"},{"first_name":"Thuc‐Quyen","last_name":"Nguyen","full_name":"Nguyen, Thuc‐Quyen"},{"first_name":"Yuanyuan","last_name":"Hu","full_name":"Hu, Yuanyuan"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2198-3844","2198-3844"]},"date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:40:48Z","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2025-12-04T12:30:39Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"297"},{"_id":"705"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"}],"publication":"Advanced Science","citation":{"mla":"Wei, Huan, et al. “Efficient N‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism.” <i>Advanced Science</i>, e20487, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487\">10.1002/advs.202520487</a>.","ama":"Wei H, Wu T, Dong C, et al. Efficient n‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism. <i>Advanced Science</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487\">10.1002/advs.202520487</a>","bibtex":"@article{Wei_Wu_Dong_Chen_Gong_Xia_Peng_Ding_Zhang_Shi_et al._2025, title={Efficient n‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487\">10.1002/advs.202520487</a>}, number={e20487}, journal={Advanced Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wei, Huan and Wu, Tong and Dong, Chuanding and Chen, Chen and Gong, Zhenqi and Xia, Jiangnan and Peng, Chengyuan and Ding, Jiaqi and Zhang, Yu and Shi, Wenpei and et al.}, year={2025} }","apa":"Wei, H., Wu, T., Dong, C., Chen, C., Gong, Z., Xia, J., Peng, C., Ding, J., Zhang, Y., Shi, W., Schumacher, S., Zhang, X., Bai, Y., Jiang, L., Liao, L., Nguyen, T., &#38; Hu, Y. (2025). Efficient n‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism. <i>Advanced Science</i>, Article e20487. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487\">https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487</a>","ieee":"H. Wei <i>et al.</i>, “Efficient n‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism,” <i>Advanced Science</i>, Art. no. e20487, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487\">10.1002/advs.202520487</a>.","chicago":"Wei, Huan, Tong Wu, Chuanding Dong, Chen Chen, Zhenqi Gong, Jiangnan Xia, Chengyuan Peng, et al. “Efficient N‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism.” <i>Advanced Science</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487\">https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202520487</a>.","short":"H. Wei, T. Wu, C. Dong, C. Chen, Z. Gong, J. Xia, C. Peng, J. Ding, Y. Zhang, W. Shi, S. Schumacher, X. Zhang, Y. Bai, L. Jiang, L. Liao, T. Nguyen, Y. Hu, Advanced Science (2025)."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>\r\n                    The development of efficient and broadly applicable n‐doping strategies for organic semiconductors (OSCs) is crucial for advancing the performance of various organic electronic devices. Here, a novel nucleophilic‐attack n‐doping mechanism is unveiled that achieves exceptionally high conductivity in doped OSC films and demonstrates broad applicability across OSCs. The remarkable efficacy of n‐Butyl lithium (n‐BuLi) is highlighted in n‐doping C\r\n                    <jats:sub>60</jats:sub>\r\n                    and PC\r\n                    <jats:sub>61</jats:sub>\r\n                    BM, achieving a conductivity of 1.27 S cm\r\n                    <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>\r\n                    and 2.57 S cm\r\n                    <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>\r\n                    , respectively, which are among the highest reported values for these materials. The investigation reveals that the n‐BuLi anion interacts with electron‐deficient units in OSCs, generating a carbanion that facilitates efficient electron transfer for n‐doping. This mechanism is further validated across diverse fullerenes, polymeric, and small molecule OSCs, and is extendable to other high‐performance dopants such as tert‐Butyllithium (tert‐BuLi) and sodium ethoxide (NaOEt). Device studies show that n‐BuLi‐doped C\r\n                    <jats:sub>60</jats:sub>\r\n                    enables substantially improved diode rectification, attributed to greater junction built‐in potential. These findings establish a unified chemical‐bonding‐based n‐doping paradigm, complementing existing electrophilic‐attack p‐doping concepts, and pave the way for achieving efficient doping of OSCs for advanced organic electronic applications.\r\n                  </jats:p>"}]},{"doi":"10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099","user_id":"16199","_id":"60992","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Arxiv","date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:55:48Z","title":"Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities","year":"2025","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Wingenbach","full_name":"Wingenbach, Jan","id":"69187"},{"full_name":"Ares Santos, Laura ","first_name":"Laura ","last_name":"Ares Santos"},{"id":"59416","full_name":"Ma, Xuekai","first_name":"Xuekai","last_name":"Ma"},{"id":"75127","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling","full_name":"Sperling, Jan"},{"id":"27271","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","last_name":"Schumacher"}],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"297"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"705"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"27"}],"date_created":"2025-08-25T11:15:22Z","abstract":[{"text":"Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit enhanced sensitivity and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with specific form of circular dichroism and TE-TM splitting. Such exceptional rings possess intriguing topologies as discussed earlier for condensed matter systems, but they remain virtually unexplored in presence of nonlinearity, for which our photonic platform is ideal. We find that when Kerr-type nonlinearity (or saturable gain) is introduced, the linear ER splits into two concentric ERs, with the larger-radius ring being a ring of third-order EPs. Transitioning from linear to nonlinear regime, we present a rigorous analysis of spectral topology and report enhanced and adjustable perturbation response in the nonlinear regime. Whereas certain features are specific to our system, the results on non-Hermitian spectral topology and nonlinearity-enhanced perturbation response are generic and equally relevant to a broad class of other nonlinear non-Hermitian systems, providing a universal framework for engineering ERs and EPs in nonlinear non-Hermitian systems.","lang":"eng"}],"project":[{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"},{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C","_id":"56"}],"publication":"Arxiv","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Wingenbach_Ares Santos_Ma_Sperling_Schumacher_2025, title={Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>}, journal={Arxiv}, publisher={Arxiv}, author={Wingenbach, Jan and Ares Santos, Laura  and Ma, Xuekai and Sperling, Jan and Schumacher, Stefan}, year={2025} }","ama":"Wingenbach J, Ares Santos L, Ma X, Sperling J, Schumacher S. Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities. <i>Arxiv</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>","mla":"Wingenbach, Jan, et al. “Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities.” <i>Arxiv</i>, Arxiv, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>.","chicago":"Wingenbach, Jan, Laura  Ares Santos, Xuekai Ma, Jan Sperling, and Stefan Schumacher. “Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities.” <i>Arxiv</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>.","short":"J. Wingenbach, L. Ares Santos, X. Ma, J. Sperling, S. Schumacher, Arxiv (2025).","ieee":"J. Wingenbach, L. Ares Santos, X. Ma, J. Sperling, and S. Schumacher, “Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities,” <i>Arxiv</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>.","apa":"Wingenbach, J., Ares Santos, L., Ma, X., Sperling, J., &#38; Schumacher, S. (2025). Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities. <i>Arxiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>"}},{"citation":{"mla":"Patra, Atanu, et al. “Quantifying Spin Defect Density in HBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, e17851, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851\">10.1002/adfm.202517851</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Patra_Konrad_Sperlich_Biktagirov_Schmidt_Spencer_Aharonovich_Höfling_Dyakonov_2025, title={Quantifying Spin Defect Density in hBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851\">10.1002/adfm.202517851</a>}, number={e17851}, journal={Advanced Functional Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Patra, Atanu and Konrad, Paul and Sperlich, Andreas and Biktagirov, Timur and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Spencer, Lesley and Aharonovich, Igor and Höfling, Sven and Dyakonov, Vladimir}, year={2025} }","ama":"Patra A, Konrad P, Sperlich A, et al. Quantifying Spin Defect Density in hBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis. <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851\">10.1002/adfm.202517851</a>","ieee":"A. Patra <i>et al.</i>, “Quantifying Spin Defect Density in hBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis,” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, Art. no. e17851, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851\">10.1002/adfm.202517851</a>.","apa":"Patra, A., Konrad, P., Sperlich, A., Biktagirov, T., Schmidt, W. G., Spencer, L., Aharonovich, I., Höfling, S., &#38; Dyakonov, V. (2025). Quantifying Spin Defect Density in hBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis. <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, Article e17851. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851</a>","short":"A. Patra, P. Konrad, A. Sperlich, T. Biktagirov, W.G. Schmidt, L. Spencer, I. Aharonovich, S. Höfling, V. Dyakonov, Advanced Functional Materials (2025).","chicago":"Patra, Atanu, Paul Konrad, Andreas Sperlich, Timur Biktagirov, Wolf Gero Schmidt, Lesley Spencer, Igor Aharonovich, Sven Höfling, and Vladimir Dyakonov. “Quantifying Spin Defect Density in HBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202517851</a>."},"publication":"Advanced Functional Materials","project":[{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>\r\n                    Negatively charged boron vacancies () in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are emerging as promising solid‐state spin qubits due to their optical accessibility, structural simplicity, and compatibility with photonic platforms. However, quantifying the density of such defects in thin hBN flakes has remained elusive, limiting progress in device integration and reproducibility. Here, an all‐optical method is presented to quantify  defect density in hBN by correlating Raman and photoluminescence (PL) signatures with irradiation fluence. Two defect‐induced Raman modes, D1 and D2, are identified and assigned them to vibrational modes of  using polarization‐resolved Raman measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By adapting a numerical model originally developed for graphene, an empirical relationship linking Raman (D1,\r\n                    <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>\r\n                    <jats:sub>2g</jats:sub>\r\n                    ) and PL intensities is established to absolute defect densities. This method is universally applicable across various irradiation types and uniquely suited for thin flakes, where conventional techniques fail. The approach enables accurate, direct, and non‐destructive quantification of spin defect densities down to 10\r\n                    <jats:sup>15</jats:sup>\r\n                     defects/cm\r\n                    <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>\r\n                    , offering a powerful tool for optimizing and benchmarking hBN for quantum optical applications.\r\n                  </jats:p>"}],"date_created":"2025-12-05T14:15:35Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"27"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1616-301X","1616-3028"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Patra, Atanu","last_name":"Patra","first_name":"Atanu"},{"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Konrad","full_name":"Konrad, Paul"},{"full_name":"Sperlich, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Sperlich"},{"id":"65612","last_name":"Biktagirov","first_name":"Timur","full_name":"Biktagirov, Timur"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","id":"468"},{"last_name":"Spencer","first_name":"Lesley","full_name":"Spencer, Lesley"},{"full_name":"Aharonovich, Igor","last_name":"Aharonovich","first_name":"Igor"},{"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Höfling","full_name":"Höfling, Sven"},{"full_name":"Dyakonov, Vladimir","first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Dyakonov"}],"year":"2025","status":"public","title":"Quantifying Spin Defect Density in hBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-05T14:18:27Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"62926","publisher":"Wiley","article_number":"e17851","user_id":"16199","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202517851"},{"project":[{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C","_id":"56"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266"}],"citation":{"mla":"Kopylov, Denis A., et al. “Multiphoton, Multimode State Classification for Nonlinear Optical Circuits.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 3, 033062, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>.","ama":"Kopylov DA, Offen C, Ares L, et al. Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kopylov_Offen_Ares_Wembe Moafo_Ober-Blöbaum_Meier_Sharapova_Sperling_2025, title={Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>}, number={3033062}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Kopylov, Denis A. and Offen, Christian and Ares, Laura and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina R. and Sperling, Jan}, year={2025} }","apa":"Kopylov, D. A., Offen, C., Ares, L., Wembe Moafo, B. E., Ober-Blöbaum, S., Meier, T., Sharapova, P. R., &#38; Sperling, J. (2025). Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(3), Article 033062. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>","ieee":"D. A. Kopylov <i>et al.</i>, “Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 3, Art. no. 033062, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>.","short":"D.A. Kopylov, C. Offen, L. Ares, B.E. Wembe Moafo, S. Ober-Blöbaum, T. Meier, P.R. Sharapova, J. Sperling, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","chicago":"Kopylov, Denis A., Christian Offen, Laura Ares, Boris Edgar Wembe Moafo, Sina Ober-Blöbaum, Torsten Meier, Polina R. Sharapova, and Jan Sperling. “Multiphoton, Multimode State Classification for Nonlinear Optical Circuits.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 3 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>."},"status":"public","user_id":"16199","volume":7,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"62980","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which is in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"3","publication":"Physical Review Research","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"636"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"623"}],"date_created":"2025-12-09T09:08:39Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-09T09:10:01Z","intvolume":"         7","year":"2025","title":"Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits","author":[{"full_name":"Kopylov, Denis A.","first_name":"Denis A.","last_name":"Kopylov"},{"id":"85279","full_name":"Offen, Christian","orcid":"0000-0002-5940-8057","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Offen"},{"full_name":"Ares, Laura","last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Laura"},{"id":"95394","first_name":"Boris Edgar","last_name":"Wembe Moafo","full_name":"Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar"},{"first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Ober-Blöbaum","full_name":"Ober-Blöbaum, Sina","id":"16494"},{"id":"344","first_name":"Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","last_name":"Meier","full_name":"Meier, Torsten"},{"id":"60286","first_name":"Polina R.","last_name":"Sharapova","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina R."},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","id":"75127"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"doi":"10.1103/sv6z-v1gk","article_number":"033062","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"citation":{"mla":"Bianchi, Luca, et al. “Predetection Squeezing as a Resource for High-Dimensional Bell-State Measurements.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 023038, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>.","apa":"Bianchi, L., Marconi, C., Sperling, J., &#38; Bacco, D. (2025). Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(2), Article 023038. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>","ieee":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, J. Sperling, and D. Bacco, “Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, Art. no. 023038, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>.","ama":"Bianchi L, Marconi C, Sperling J, Bacco D. Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>","short":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, J. Sperling, D. Bacco, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","chicago":"Bianchi, Luca, Carlo Marconi, Jan Sperling, and Davide Bacco. “Predetection Squeezing as a Resource for High-Dimensional Bell-State Measurements.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 2 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Bianchi_Marconi_Sperling_Bacco_2025, title={Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>}, number={2023038}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Bianchi, Luca and Marconi, Carlo and Sperling, Jan and Bacco, Davide}, year={2025} }"},"_id":"63021","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"75127","volume":7,"status":"public","date_created":"2025-12-10T13:34:53Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"issue":"2","publication":"Physical Review Research","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Bell measurements, entailing the projection onto one of the Bell states, play a key role in quantum information and communication, where the outcome of a variety of protocols crucially depends on the success probability of such measurements. Although in the case of qubit systems, Bell measurements can be implemented using only linear optical components, the same result is no longer true for qudits, where at least the use of ancillary photons is required. In order to circumvent this limitation, one possibility is to introduce nonlinear effects. In this work, we adopt the latter approach and propose a scalable Bell measurement scheme for high-dimensional states, exploiting multiple squeezer devices applied to a linear optical circuit for discriminating the different Bell states. Our approach does not require ancillary photons, is not limited by the dimension of the quantum states, and is experimentally scalable, thus paving the way toward the realization of an effective high-dimensional Bell measurement.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"article_number":"023038","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038","title":"Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements","year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Bianchi, Luca","last_name":"Bianchi","first_name":"Luca"},{"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Marconi","full_name":"Marconi, Carlo"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling"},{"full_name":"Bacco, Davide","first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Bacco"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"date_updated":"2025-12-10T13:36:11Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         7"},{"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Rose_Schumacher_Meier_2025, title={Microscopic approach to the quantized light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Complex coupled dynamics of excitons, biexcitons, and photons}, volume={112}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh\">10.1103/528f-7smh</a>}, number={24245304}, journal={Physical Review B}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Rose, Hendrik and Schumacher, Stefan and Meier, Torsten}, year={2025} }","chicago":"Rose, Hendrik, Stefan Schumacher, and Torsten Meier. “Microscopic Approach to the Quantized Light-Matter Interaction in Semiconductor Nanostructures: Complex Coupled Dynamics of Excitons, Biexcitons, and Photons.” <i>Physical Review B</i> 112, no. 24 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh\">https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh</a>.","short":"H. Rose, S. Schumacher, T. Meier, Physical Review B 112 (2025).","ama":"Rose H, Schumacher S, Meier T. Microscopic approach to the quantized light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Complex coupled dynamics of excitons, biexcitons, and photons. <i>Physical Review B</i>. 2025;112(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh\">10.1103/528f-7smh</a>","ieee":"H. Rose, S. Schumacher, and T. Meier, “Microscopic approach to the quantized light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Complex coupled dynamics of excitons, biexcitons, and photons,” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 112, no. 24, Art. no. 245304, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh\">10.1103/528f-7smh</a>.","apa":"Rose, H., Schumacher, S., &#38; Meier, T. (2025). Microscopic approach to the quantized light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Complex coupled dynamics of excitons, biexcitons, and photons. <i>Physical Review B</i>, <i>112</i>(24), Article 245304. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh\">https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh</a>","mla":"Rose, Hendrik, et al. “Microscopic Approach to the Quantized Light-Matter Interaction in Semiconductor Nanostructures: Complex Coupled Dynamics of Excitons, Biexcitons, and Photons.” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 112, no. 24, 245304, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/528f-7smh\">10.1103/528f-7smh</a>."},"project":[{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"_id":"59","name":"TRR 142; TP A02: Nichtlineare Spektroskopie von Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen mit Quantenlicht"},{"name":"Hochleistungsrechner Noctua in Paderborn","_id":"445"},{"name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"},{"_id":"266","name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing"}],"_id":"63160","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","volume":112,"user_id":"16199","status":"public","date_created":"2025-12-16T15:50:42Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"297"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"27"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review B","issue":"24","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"245304","doi":"10.1103/528f-7smh","author":[{"id":"55958","first_name":"Hendrik","last_name":"Rose","orcid":"0000-0002-3079-5428","full_name":"Rose, Hendrik"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","last_name":"Schumacher","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan","id":"27271"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Torsten","full_name":"Meier, Torsten","id":"344"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9950","2469-9969"]},"title":"Microscopic approach to the quantized light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Complex coupled dynamics of excitons, biexcitons, and photons","year":"2025","intvolume":"       112","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-16T15:52:55Z"},{"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Bianchi_Marconi_Ares_Bacco_Sperling_2025, title={Unified boson sampling}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>}, number={4L042068}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Bianchi, Luca and Marconi, Carlo and Ares, Laura and Bacco, Davide and Sperling, Jan}, year={2025} }","ama":"Bianchi L, Marconi C, Ares L, Bacco D, Sperling J. Unified boson sampling. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>","mla":"Bianchi, Luca, et al. “Unified Boson Sampling.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 4, L042068, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>.","short":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, L. Ares, D. Bacco, J. Sperling, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","chicago":"Bianchi, Luca, Carlo Marconi, Laura Ares, Davide Bacco, and Jan Sperling. “Unified Boson Sampling.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>.","ieee":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, L. Ares, D. Bacco, and J. Sperling, “Unified boson sampling,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 4, Art. no. L042068, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>.","apa":"Bianchi, L., Marconi, C., Ares, L., Bacco, D., &#38; Sperling, J. (2025). Unified boson sampling. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(4), Article L042068. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>"},"user_id":"75127","volume":7,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"63534","status":"public","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"date_created":"2026-01-09T08:02:57Z","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Boson sampling is a key candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage and has already yielded significant advances in quantum simulation, machine learning, and graph theory. In this work, a unification and extension of distinct forms of boson sampling is developed. The devised protocol merges discrete-variable scattershot boson sampling with continuous-variable Gaussian boson sampling. Therefore, it is rendered possible to harness the complexity of more interesting states, such as squeezed photons, in advanced sampling protocols. A generating function formalism is developed for the joint description of multiphoton and multimode light undergoing Gaussian transformations. The resulting analytical tools enable one to explore interfaces of different photonic quantum-information-processing platforms. A numerical simulation of unified sampling is carried out, benchmarking its performance, complexity, and scalability. Entanglement is characterized to exemplify the generation of quantum correlations from the nonlinear interactions of a unified sampler.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"4","doi":"10.1103/8hy1-m5gg","article_number":"L042068","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-01-09T08:03:38Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         7","title":"Unified boson sampling","year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Bianchi, Luca","last_name":"Bianchi","first_name":"Luca"},{"full_name":"Marconi, Carlo","last_name":"Marconi","first_name":"Carlo"},{"full_name":"Ares, Laura","last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Laura"},{"full_name":"Bacco, Davide","first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Bacco"},{"id":"75127","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","full_name":"Sperling, Jan"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]}},{"status":"public","user_id":"16199","volume":2,"_id":"63562","publisher":"AIP Publishing","project":[{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"_id":"56","name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C"},{"name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse","_id":"174"},{"name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266"}],"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Kopylov_Meier_Sharapova_2025, title={Bipartite entanglement extracted from multimode squeezed light generated in lossy waveguides}, volume={2}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116\">10.1063/5.0293116</a>}, number={4046116}, journal={APL Quantum}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Kopylov, Denis and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina R.}, year={2025} }","ama":"Kopylov D, Meier T, Sharapova PR. Bipartite entanglement extracted from multimode squeezed light generated in lossy waveguides. <i>APL Quantum</i>. 2025;2(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116\">10.1063/5.0293116</a>","mla":"Kopylov, Denis, et al. “Bipartite Entanglement Extracted from Multimode Squeezed Light Generated in Lossy Waveguides.” <i>APL Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 4, 046116, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116\">10.1063/5.0293116</a>.","short":"D. Kopylov, T. Meier, P.R. Sharapova, APL Quantum 2 (2025).","chicago":"Kopylov, Denis, Torsten Meier, and Polina R. Sharapova. “Bipartite Entanglement Extracted from Multimode Squeezed Light Generated in Lossy Waveguides.” <i>APL Quantum</i> 2, no. 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116</a>.","ieee":"D. Kopylov, T. Meier, and P. R. Sharapova, “Bipartite entanglement extracted from multimode squeezed light generated in lossy waveguides,” <i>APL Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 4, Art. no. 046116, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116\">10.1063/5.0293116</a>.","apa":"Kopylov, D., Meier, T., &#38; Sharapova, P. R. (2025). Bipartite entanglement extracted from multimode squeezed light generated in lossy waveguides. <i>APL Quantum</i>, <i>2</i>(4), Article 046116. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293116</a>"},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-01-12T13:23:36Z","intvolume":"         2","title":"Bipartite entanglement extracted from multimode squeezed light generated in lossy waveguides","year":"2025","author":[{"first_name":"Denis","last_name":"Kopylov","full_name":"Kopylov, Denis","id":"98502"},{"full_name":"Meier, Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Torsten","id":"344"},{"id":"60286","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina R.","first_name":"Polina R.","last_name":"Sharapova"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2835-0103"]},"doi":"10.1063/5.0293116","article_number":"046116","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Entangled two-mode Gaussian states constitute an important building block for continuous variable quantum computing and communication protocols. In this work, we theoretically study two-mode bipartite states, which are extracted from multimode light generated via type-II parametric downconversion (PDC) in lossy waveguides. For these states, we demonstrate that the squeezing quantifies entanglement and we construct a measurement basis, which results in the maximal bipartite entanglement. We illustrate our findings by numerically solving the spatial master equation for PDC in a Markovian environment. The optimal measurement modes are compared with two widely used broadband bases: the Mercer–Wolf basis (the first-order coherence basis) and the Williamson–Euler basis.</jats:p>"}],"issue":"4","publication":"APL Quantum","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"35"}],"date_created":"2026-01-12T13:18:51Z"},{"status":"public","_id":"60565","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"16199","volume":111,"citation":{"mla":"Bocchini, Adriana, et al. “Microscopic Origin of Gray Tracks in &#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\"&#62;&#60;mml:Msub&#62;&#60;mml:Mi&#62;KTiOPO&#60;/Mml:Mi&#62;&#60;mml:Mn&#62;4&#60;/Mml:Mn&#62;&#60;/Mml:Msub&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62;.” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 111, no. 10, 104103, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103\">10.1103/physrevb.111.104103</a>.","ama":"Bocchini A, Gerstmann U, Schmidt WG. Microscopic origin of gray tracks in &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;KTiOPO&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;4&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;. <i>Physical Review B</i>. 2025;111(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103\">10.1103/physrevb.111.104103</a>","bibtex":"@article{Bocchini_Gerstmann_Schmidt_2025, title={Microscopic origin of gray tracks in &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;KTiOPO&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;4&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;}, volume={111}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103\">10.1103/physrevb.111.104103</a>}, number={10104103}, journal={Physical Review B}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Bocchini, Adriana and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}, year={2025} }","apa":"Bocchini, A., Gerstmann, U., &#38; Schmidt, W. G. (2025). Microscopic origin of gray tracks in &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;KTiOPO&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;4&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;. <i>Physical Review B</i>, <i>111</i>(10), Article 104103. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103</a>","ieee":"A. Bocchini, U. Gerstmann, and W. G. Schmidt, “Microscopic origin of gray tracks in &#60;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&#62;&#60;mml:msub&#62;&#60;mml:mi&#62;KTiOPO&#60;/mml:mi&#62;&#60;mml:mn&#62;4&#60;/mml:mn&#62;&#60;/mml:msub&#62;&#60;/mml:math&#62;,” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 111, no. 10, Art. no. 104103, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103\">10.1103/physrevb.111.104103</a>.","chicago":"Bocchini, Adriana, Uwe Gerstmann, and Wolf Gero Schmidt. “Microscopic Origin of Gray Tracks in &#60;mml:Math Xmlns:Mml=\"http://Www.W3.Org/1998/Math/MathML\"&#62;&#60;mml:Msub&#62;&#60;mml:Mi&#62;KTiOPO&#60;/Mml:Mi&#62;&#60;mml:Mn&#62;4&#60;/Mml:Mn&#62;&#60;/Mml:Msub&#62;&#60;/Mml:Math&#62;.” <i>Physical Review B</i> 111, no. 10 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.104103</a>.","short":"A. Bocchini, U. Gerstmann, W.G. Schmidt, Physical Review B 111 (2025)."},"project":[{"name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"},{"name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53","grant_number":"231447078"},{"name":"TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"_id":"55","name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B07: TRR 142 - Polaronen-Einfluss auf die optischen Eigenschaften von Lithiumniobat (B07*)","_id":"168","grant_number":"231447078"},{"name":"TRR 142 - A11: TRR 142 - Subproject A11","_id":"166"}],"year":"2025","title":"Microscopic origin of gray tracks in <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>KTiOPO</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>","author":[{"id":"58349","first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Bocchini","orcid":"0000-0002-2134-3075","full_name":"Bocchini, Adriana"},{"id":"171","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","last_name":"Gerstmann","first_name":"Uwe","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X"},{"id":"468","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Wolf Gero","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9950","2469-9969"]},"date_updated":"2025-07-09T09:30:31Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       111","article_number":"104103","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.111.104103","publication":"Physical Review B","issue":"10","date_created":"2025-07-09T08:58:32Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"790"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"27"}]},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>AlInP (001) is widely utilized as a window layer in optoelectronic devices, including world‐record III‐V multi‐junction solar cells and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. The chemical and electronic properties of AlInP (001) depend on its surface reconstruction, which impacts its interaction with electrolytes in PEC applications and passivation layers. This study investigates AlInP (001) surface reconstructions using density functional theory and experimental methods. Phosphorus‐rich (P‐rich) and indium‐rich (In‐rich) AlInP surfaces are prepared with in situ monitoring of the process by reflection anisotropy (RA) spectroscopy and confirmed by low‐energy electron diffraction and photoemission spectroscopy. The experimental RA spectra closely match the theoretical predictions obtained by solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation. It is shown that missing hydrogen on P‐rich surfaces and formation of In–In 1D atomic chains on In‐rich surfaces introduce mid‐gap surface states that pin the Fermi level and induce band bending. Time‐resolved two‐photon photoemission measurements reveal ultrafast near‐surface electron dynamics for both P‐rich and In‐rich surfaces, demonstrating photoexcited electrons reaching the surface conduction band minimum and relaxing to mid‐gap surface states on about hundreds of fs. This work provides the most extensive AlInP surface analysis to date, allowing for more targeted surface and interface engineering, which is crucial for the optimization and design of III‐V heterostructures.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Advanced Functional Materials","citation":{"apa":"Zare Pour, M. A., Shekarabi, S., Ruiz Alvarado, I. A., Diederich, J., Gao, Y., Paszuk, A., Moritz, D. C., Jaegermann, W., Friedrich, D., van de Krol, R., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Hannappel, T. (2025). Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction. <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702</a>","ieee":"M. A. Zare Pour <i>et al.</i>, “Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction,” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702\">10.1002/adfm.202423702</a>.","chicago":"Zare Pour, Mohammad Amin, Sahar Shekarabi, Isaac Azahel Ruiz Alvarado, Jonathan Diederich, Yuyings Gao, Agnieszka Paszuk, Dominik C. Moritz, et al. “Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702</a>.","short":"M.A. Zare Pour, S. Shekarabi, I.A. Ruiz Alvarado, J. Diederich, Y. Gao, A. Paszuk, D.C. Moritz, W. Jaegermann, D. Friedrich, R. van de Krol, W.G. Schmidt, T. Hannappel, Advanced Functional Materials (2025).","mla":"Zare Pour, Mohammad Amin, et al. “Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702\">10.1002/adfm.202423702</a>.","ama":"Zare Pour MA, Shekarabi S, Ruiz Alvarado IA, et al. Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction. <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702\">10.1002/adfm.202423702</a>","bibtex":"@article{Zare Pour_Shekarabi_Ruiz Alvarado_Diederich_Gao_Paszuk_Moritz_Jaegermann_Friedrich_van de Krol_et al._2025, title={Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423702\">10.1002/adfm.202423702</a>}, journal={Advanced Functional Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zare Pour, Mohammad Amin and Shekarabi, Sahar and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Diederich, Jonathan and Gao, Yuyings and Paszuk, Agnieszka and Moritz, Dominik C. and Jaegermann, Wolfram and Friedrich, Dennis and van de Krol, Roel and et al.}, year={2025} }"},"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"27"},{"_id":"295"}],"date_created":"2025-07-09T13:33:15Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-07-09T13:54:05Z","title":"Exploring Electronic States and Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in AlInP Window Layers: The Role of Surface Reconstruction","status":"public","year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Zare Pour, Mohammad Amin","first_name":"Mohammad Amin","last_name":"Zare Pour"},{"full_name":"Shekarabi, Sahar","last_name":"Shekarabi","first_name":"Sahar"},{"id":"79462","last_name":"Ruiz Alvarado","first_name":"Isaac Azahel","orcid":"0000-0002-4710-1170","full_name":"Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel"},{"full_name":"Diederich, Jonathan","last_name":"Diederich","first_name":"Jonathan"},{"first_name":"Yuyings","last_name":"Gao","full_name":"Gao, Yuyings"},{"full_name":"Paszuk, Agnieszka","last_name":"Paszuk","first_name":"Agnieszka"},{"last_name":"Moritz","first_name":"Dominik C.","full_name":"Moritz, Dominik C."},{"first_name":"Wolfram","last_name":"Jaegermann","full_name":"Jaegermann, Wolfram"},{"last_name":"Friedrich","first_name":"Dennis","full_name":"Friedrich, Dennis"},{"full_name":"van de Krol, Roel","last_name":"van de Krol","first_name":"Roel"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","last_name":"Schmidt","id":"468"},{"last_name":"Hannappel","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Hannappel, Thomas"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1616-301X","1616-3028"]},"user_id":"79462","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202423702","_id":"60580","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Wiley"},{"volume":10,"user_id":"16199","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","_id":"58642","page":"537-548","status":"public","project":[{"grant_number":"231447078","_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"grant_number":"231447078","_id":"168","name":"TRR 142 - B07: TRR 142 - Polaronen-Einfluss auf die optischen Eigenschaften von Lithiumniobat (B07*)"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B","_id":"55"},{"name":"Hochleistungsrechner Noctua in Paderborn","grant_number":"367360193","_id":"445"},{"_id":"52","name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"V. Devaraj <i>et al.</i>, “Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror,” <i>Nanoscale Horizons</i>, vol. 10, pp. 537–548, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>.","mla":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, et al. “Self-Assembly of Isolated Plasmonic Dimers with Sub-5 Nm Gaps on a Metallic Mirror.” <i>Nanoscale Horizons</i>, vol. 10, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2025, pp. 537–48, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>.","apa":"Devaraj, V., Ruiz Alvarado, I. A., Lee, J.-M., Oh, J.-W., Gerstmann, U., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2025). Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror. <i>Nanoscale Horizons</i>, <i>10</i>, 537–548. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>","bibtex":"@article{Devaraj_Ruiz Alvarado_Lee_Oh_Gerstmann_Schmidt_Zentgraf_2025, title={Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>}, journal={Nanoscale Horizons}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Devaraj, Vasanthan and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Lee, Jong-Min and Oh, Jin-Woo and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2025}, pages={537–548} }","ama":"Devaraj V, Ruiz Alvarado IA, Lee J-M, et al. Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror. <i>Nanoscale Horizons</i>. 2025;10:537-548. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>","short":"V. Devaraj, I.A. Ruiz Alvarado, J.-M. Lee, J.-W. Oh, U. Gerstmann, W.G. Schmidt, T. Zentgraf, Nanoscale Horizons 10 (2025) 537–548.","chicago":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, Isaac Azahel Ruiz Alvarado, Jong-Min Lee, Jin-Woo Oh, Uwe Gerstmann, Wolf Gero Schmidt, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Self-Assembly of Isolated Plasmonic Dimers with Sub-5 Nm Gaps on a Metallic Mirror.” <i>Nanoscale Horizons</i> 10 (2025): 537–48. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>."},"doi":"10.1039/d4nh00546e","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","intvolume":"        10","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-07-09T14:04:39Z","author":[{"last_name":"Devaraj","first_name":"Vasanthan","full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan","id":"103814"},{"id":"79462","full_name":"Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel","orcid":"0000-0002-4710-1170","first_name":"Isaac Azahel","last_name":"Ruiz Alvarado"},{"first_name":"Jong-Min","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Jong-Min"},{"last_name":"Oh","first_name":"Jin-Woo","full_name":"Oh, Jin-Woo"},{"id":"171","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","last_name":"Gerstmann","first_name":"Uwe","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Wolf Gero","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","id":"468"},{"id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2055-6756","2055-6764"]},"year":"2025","title":"Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"27"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-02-14T08:13:10Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a cost-effective self-assembly method to fabricate low-density dimer NPs in an NPoM architecture, using the M13 phage as a spacer layer. This will enable the development of dynamic plasmonic devices and advanced sensing applications."}],"publication":"Nanoscale Horizons"},{"issue":"7","publication":"Physical Review Materials","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"790"},{"_id":"288"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"169"},{"_id":"27"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-07-09T09:13:24Z","file":[{"creator":"adrianab","date_created":"2025-07-09T09:18:45Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":4175120,"file_name":"Mg_dopants_LN_PRM.pdf","date_updated":"2025-07-10T06:43:34Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"60567"}],"intvolume":"         9","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-03-17T17:50:06Z","author":[{"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Bocchini","orcid":"0000-0002-2134-3075","full_name":"Bocchini, Adriana","id":"58349"},{"full_name":"Rüsing, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Rüsing","orcid":"0000-0003-4682-4577","id":"22501"},{"id":"61375","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Bollmers","full_name":"Bollmers, Laura"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Lengeling","full_name":"Lengeling, Sebastian","id":"44373"},{"last_name":"Mues","first_name":"Philipp","orcid":"0000-0003-0643-7636","full_name":"Mues, Philipp","id":"49772"},{"last_name":"Padberg","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Padberg, Laura","id":"40300"},{"full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","last_name":"Gerstmann","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X","first_name":"Uwe","id":"171"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","id":"26263"},{"id":"13244","first_name":"Christof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","last_name":"Eigner","full_name":"Eigner, Christof"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","first_name":"Wolf Gero","id":"468"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2475-9953"]},"year":"2025","title":"Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion","doi":"10.1103/5wz1-bjyr","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"074402","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr"}],"project":[{"name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"},{"name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B","_id":"55"},{"_id":"54","name":"TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B07: TRR 142 - Polaronen-Einfluss auf die optischen Eigenschaften von Lithiumniobat (B07*)","_id":"168"},{"name":"TRR 142 - A11: TRR 142 - Subproject A11","_id":"166"}],"citation":{"ama":"Bocchini A, Rüsing M, Bollmers L, et al. Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. 2025;9(7). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr\">10.1103/5wz1-bjyr</a>","short":"A. Bocchini, M. Rüsing, L. Bollmers, S. Lengeling, P. Mues, L. Padberg, U. Gerstmann, C. Silberhorn, C. Eigner, W.G. Schmidt, Physical Review Materials 9 (2025).","chicago":"Bocchini, Adriana, Michael Rüsing, Laura Bollmers, Sebastian Lengeling, Philipp Mues, Laura Padberg, Uwe Gerstmann, Christine Silberhorn, Christof Eigner, and Wolf Gero Schmidt. “Mg Dopants in Lithium Niobate: Defect Models and Impact on Domain Inversion.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i> 9, no. 7 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr\">https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Bocchini_Rüsing_Bollmers_Lengeling_Mues_Padberg_Gerstmann_Silberhorn_Eigner_Schmidt_2025, title={Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr\">10.1103/5wz1-bjyr</a>}, number={7074402}, journal={Physical Review Materials}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Bocchini, Adriana and Rüsing, Michael and Bollmers, Laura and Lengeling, Sebastian and Mues, Philipp and Padberg, Laura and Gerstmann, Uwe and Silberhorn, Christine and Eigner, Christof and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}, year={2025} }","mla":"Bocchini, Adriana, et al. “Mg Dopants in Lithium Niobate: Defect Models and Impact on Domain Inversion.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 9, no. 7, 074402, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr\">10.1103/5wz1-bjyr</a>.","apa":"Bocchini, A., Rüsing, M., Bollmers, L., Lengeling, S., Mues, P., Padberg, L., Gerstmann, U., Silberhorn, C., Eigner, C., &#38; Schmidt, W. G. (2025). Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, <i>9</i>(7), Article 074402. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr\">https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr</a>","ieee":"A. Bocchini <i>et al.</i>, “Mg dopants in lithium niobate: Defect models and impact on domain inversion,” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 9, no. 7, Art. no. 074402, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5wz1-bjyr\">10.1103/5wz1-bjyr</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-07-10T06:43:34Z","oa":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","volume":9,"user_id":"22501","ddc":["530"],"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"60566"},{"status":"public","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"50829","volume":6,"user_id":"90283","citation":{"short":"N. Heinisch, N. Köcher, D. Bauch, S. Schumacher, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","chicago":"Heinisch, Nils, Nikolas Köcher, David Bauch, and Stefan Schumacher. “Swing-up Dynamics in Quantum Emitter Cavity Systems: Near Ideal Single Photons and Entangled Photon Pairs.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 6, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017</a>.","apa":"Heinisch, N., Köcher, N., Bauch, D., &#38; Schumacher, S. (2024). Swing-up dynamics in quantum emitter cavity systems: Near ideal single photons and entangled photon pairs. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>6</i>(1), Article L012017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017</a>","ieee":"N. Heinisch, N. Köcher, D. Bauch, and S. Schumacher, “Swing-up dynamics in quantum emitter cavity systems: Near ideal single photons and entangled photon pairs,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, Art. no. L012017, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017</a>.","ama":"Heinisch N, Köcher N, Bauch D, Schumacher S. Swing-up dynamics in quantum emitter cavity systems: Near ideal single photons and entangled photon pairs. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017</a>","bibtex":"@article{Heinisch_Köcher_Bauch_Schumacher_2024, title={Swing-up dynamics in quantum emitter cavity systems: Near ideal single photons and entangled photon pairs}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017</a>}, number={1L012017}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Heinisch, Nils and Köcher, Nikolas and Bauch, David and Schumacher, Stefan}, year={2024} }","mla":"Heinisch, Nils, et al. “Swing-up Dynamics in Quantum Emitter Cavity Systems: Near Ideal Single Photons and Entangled Photon Pairs.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, L012017, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017</a>."},"project":[{"name":"TRR 142 - C09: TRR 142 - Ideale Erzeugung von Photonenpaaren für Verschränkungsaustausch bei Telekom Wellenlängen (C09*)","grant_number":"231447078","_id":"173"},{"_id":"52","name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Heinisch, Nils","first_name":"Nils","last_name":"Heinisch","id":"90283"},{"full_name":"Köcher, Nikolas","first_name":"Nikolas","last_name":"Köcher","id":"79191"},{"id":"44172","first_name":"David","last_name":"Bauch","full_name":"Bauch, David"},{"id":"27271","first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","last_name":"Schumacher","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan"}],"title":"Swing-up dynamics in quantum emitter cavity systems: Near ideal single photons and entangled photon pairs","year":"2024","intvolume":"         6","date_updated":"2024-01-24T16:07:57Z","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"L012017","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012017","issue":"1","publication":"Physical Review Research","date_created":"2024-01-24T15:17:37Z","department":[{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"297"}],"type":"journal_article"},{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1361-6455"],"issn":["0953-4075"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Meyer","orcid":"0009-0003-4899-0920","first_name":"Maximilian Tim","full_name":"Meyer, Maximilian Tim","id":"77895"},{"full_name":"Schindlmayr, Arno","orcid":"0000-0002-4855-071X","last_name":"Schindlmayr","first_name":"Arno","id":"458"}],"year":"2024","title":"Derivation of Miller's rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        57","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-04-13T11:20:56Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"095001","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c","issue":"9","publication":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Miller's rule is an empirical relation between the nonlinear and linear optical coefficients that applies to a large class of materials but has only been rigorously derived for the classical Lorentz model with a weak anharmonic perturbation. In this work, we extend the proof and present a detailed derivation of Miller's rule for an equivalent quantum-mechanical anharmonic oscillator. For this purpose, the classical concept of velocity-dependent damping inherent to the Lorentz model is replaced by an adiabatic switch-on of the external electric field, which allows a unified treatment of the classical and quantum-mechanical systems using identical potentials and fields. Although the dynamics of the resulting charge oscillations, and hence the induced polarizations, deviate due to the finite zero-point motion in the quantum-mechanical framework, we find that Miller's rule is nevertheless identical in both cases up to terms of first order in the anharmonicity. With a view to practical applications, especially in the context of ab initio calculations for the optical response where adiabatically switched-on fields are widely assumed, we demonstrate that a correct treatment of finite broadening parameters is essential to avoid spurious errors that may falsely suggest a violation of Miller's rule, and we illustrate this point by means of a numerical example."}],"date_created":"2024-03-22T08:44:39Z","file":[{"file_name":"Meyer_2024_J._Phys._B _At._Mol._Opt._Phys._57_095001.pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_size":358155,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-04-04T09:24:22Z","file_id":"53204","content_type":"application/pdf","title":"Derivation of Miller's rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator","creator":"schindlm","date_created":"2024-04-04T09:24:22Z","description":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0)"}],"department":[{"_id":"296"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"35"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"52723","publisher":"IOP Publishing","volume":57,"user_id":"458","ddc":["530"],"isi":"1","citation":{"mla":"Meyer, Maximilian Tim, and Arno Schindlmayr. “Derivation of Miller’s Rule for the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of a Quantum Anharmonic Oscillator.” <i>Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics</i>, vol. 57, no. 9, 095001, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c\">10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c</a>.","ama":"Meyer MT, Schindlmayr A. Derivation of Miller’s rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator. <i>Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics</i>. 2024;57(9). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c\">10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c</a>","bibtex":"@article{Meyer_Schindlmayr_2024, title={Derivation of Miller’s rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator}, volume={57}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c\">10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c</a>}, number={9095001}, journal={Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Meyer, Maximilian Tim and Schindlmayr, Arno}, year={2024} }","apa":"Meyer, M. T., &#38; Schindlmayr, A. (2024). Derivation of Miller’s rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator. <i>Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics</i>, <i>57</i>(9), Article 095001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c</a>","ieee":"M. T. Meyer and A. Schindlmayr, “Derivation of Miller’s rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator,” <i>Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics</i>, vol. 57, no. 9, Art. no. 095001, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c\">10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c</a>.","short":"M.T. Meyer, A. Schindlmayr, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 57 (2024).","chicago":"Meyer, Maximilian Tim, and Arno Schindlmayr. “Derivation of Miller’s Rule for the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of a Quantum Anharmonic Oscillator.” <i>Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics</i> 57, no. 9 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad369c</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2024-04-04T09:24:22Z","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001196678300001"]},"oa":"1"},{"citation":{"ama":"Pinske J, Sperling J. Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2024;109(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>","bibtex":"@article{Pinske_Sperling_2024, title={Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship}, volume={109}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>}, number={5052408}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Pinske, Julien and Sperling, Jan}, year={2024} }","mla":"Pinske, Julien, and Jan Sperling. “Unbreakable and Breakable Quantum Censorship.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 109, no. 5, 052408, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>.","short":"J. Pinske, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 109 (2024).","chicago":"Pinske, Julien, and Jan Sperling. “Unbreakable and Breakable Quantum Censorship.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 109, no. 5 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>.","apa":"Pinske, J., &#38; Sperling, J. (2024). Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>109</i>(5), Article 052408. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>","ieee":"J. Pinske and J. Sperling, “Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 109, no. 5, Art. no. 052408, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>."},"_id":"54093","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"75127","volume":109,"status":"public","date_created":"2024-05-08T13:31:37Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"issue":"5","publication":"Physical Review A","article_number":"052408","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/physreva.109.052408","year":"2024","title":"Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship","author":[{"last_name":"Pinske","first_name":"Julien","full_name":"Pinske, Julien"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"date_updated":"2024-05-08T14:19:33Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       109","article_type":"original"}]
