---
_id: '8836'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: While Islamic State is the most present example, it is a fact that in many
    places around the globe, throughout history initially small groups have tried
    to challenge and destabilize or even overthrow governments by means of terrorist
    and guerrilla strategies. Therefore, we answer two questions. Why does a small
    group of insurgents believe it can overthrow the government by turning violent,
    even if the government is clearly superior? And how does a conflict develop into
    terrorism, a guerilla war, or a major conventional civil war, or is resolved peacefully?
    We develop a formal model for rebels and government and derive optimal choices.
    Further, we focus on three elements as important ingredients of a "destabilization
    war". All three of these - large random events, time preference (which we relate
    to ideology), and choice of duration of fight - are rarely considered in formal
    conflict theory. We can answer the above two questions using game theory analysis.
    First, insurgents rise up because they hope to destabilize through permanent challenging
    attacks. In this context, large randomness is an important ally of rebels. While
    each individual attack may have a low impact, at some point a large random event
    could lead to success. Hence, the duration of activities is a constitutive element
    of this kind of armed conflict. Patience (low time preference), which may reflect
    rebels' degree of ideological motivation, is crucial. Second, the mode of warfare
    or the conflict resolutions that develop are generally path-dependent and conditioned
    on the full set of options (including compromise). Various conditions (level of
    funding, ease of recruitment, access to weapons) influence different modes of
    warfare or a peaceful compromise in a complex way.
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Gries, Thomas
  id: '186'
  last_name: Gries
- first_name: Claus-Jochen
  full_name: Haake, Claus-Jochen
  id: '20801'
  last_name: Haake
citation:
  ama: Gries T, Haake C-J. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War.”</i> Vol
    95.; 2016.
  apa: Gries, T., &#38; Haake, C.-J. (2016). <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization
    War”</i> (Vol. 95).
  bibtex: '@book{Gries_Haake_2016, series={Working Papers CIE}, title={An Economic
    Theory of “Destabilization War”}, volume={95}, author={Gries, Thomas and Haake,
    Claus-Jochen}, year={2016}, collection={Working Papers CIE} }'
  chicago: Gries, Thomas, and Claus-Jochen Haake. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization
    War.”</i> Vol. 95. Working Papers CIE, 2016.
  ieee: T. Gries and C.-J. Haake, <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War,”</i>
    vol. 95. 2016.
  mla: Gries, Thomas, and Claus-Jochen Haake. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization
    War.”</i> Vol. 95, 2016.
  short: T. Gries, C.-J. Haake, An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War,” 2016.
date_created: 2019-04-08T06:45:02Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:03Z
ddc:
- '040'
department:
- _id: '205'
- _id: '475'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cjhaake
  date_created: 2019-04-08T06:49:16Z
  date_updated: 2019-04-08T06:49:16Z
  file_id: '8838'
  file_name: WP - An Economic Theory of ’Destabilization War'.pdf
  file_size: 516125
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2019-04-08T06:49:16Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        95'
jel:
- H56
- O10
- D84
- C72
- D74
keyword:
- terrorism
- civil war
- conflict duration
- game theory
- stochastic process
- ideology
language:
- iso: eng
series_title: Working Papers CIE
status: public
title: An Economic Theory of 'Destabilization War'
type: working_paper
user_id: '20801'
volume: 95
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '8885'
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  id: '21118'
  last_name: Beutner
- first_name: J
  full_name: Schneider, J
  last_name: Schneider
citation:
  ama: 'Beutner M, Schneider J. The Project SEEL – Basic information about the context.
    In: Beutner M, ed. <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basic of the SEEL Project</i>. Köln; 2016:10-19.'
  apa: Beutner, M., &#38; Schneider, J. (2016). The Project SEEL – Basic information
    about the context. In M. Beutner (Ed.), <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios.
    Results and Discussions on the basic of the SEEL project</i> (pp. 10–19). Köln.
  bibtex: '@inbook{Beutner_Schneider_2016, place={Köln}, title={The Project SEEL –
    Basic information about the context}, booktitle={Sounds and Audios in E-learning
    scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basic of the SEEL project}, author={Beutner,
    Marc and Schneider, J}, editor={Beutner, MarcEditor}, year={2016}, pages={10–19}
    }'
  chicago: Beutner, Marc, and J Schneider. “The Project SEEL – Basic Information about
    the Context.” In <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basic of the SEEL Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 10–19. Köln, 2016.
  ieee: M. Beutner and J. Schneider, “The Project SEEL – Basic information about the
    context,” in <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the basic of the SEEL project</i>, M. Beutner, Ed. Köln, 2016, pp. 10–19.
  mla: Beutner, Marc, and J. Schneider. “The Project SEEL – Basic Information about
    the Context.” <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basic of the SEEL Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 2016, pp. 10–19.
  short: 'M. Beutner, J. Schneider, in: M. Beutner (Ed.), Sounds and Audios in E-Learning
    Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basic of the SEEL Project, Köln, 2016,
    pp. 10–19.'
date_created: 2019-04-12T08:38:16Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:05Z
department:
- _id: '211'
editor:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  last_name: Beutner
language:
- iso: eng
page: 10 - 19
place: Köln
publication: Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on
  the basic of the SEEL project
status: public
title: The Project SEEL – Basic information about the context
type: book_chapter
user_id: '66030'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '8887'
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  id: '21118'
  last_name: Beutner
- first_name: J
  full_name: Schneider, J
  last_name: Schneider
citation:
  ama: 'Beutner M, Schneider J. The strcture of the SEEL Project. In: Beutner M, ed.
    <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis
    of the SEEl Project</i>. ; 2016:20-32.'
  apa: Beutner, M., &#38; Schneider, J. (2016). The strcture of the SEEL Project.
    In M. Beutner (Ed.), <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and
    Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project</i> (pp. 20–32).
  bibtex: '@inbook{Beutner_Schneider_2016, title={The strcture of the SEEL Project},
    booktitle={Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the basis of the SEEl project}, author={Beutner, Marc and Schneider, J}, editor={Beutner,
    MarcEditor}, year={2016}, pages={20–32} }'
  chicago: Beutner, Marc, and J Schneider. “The Strcture of the SEEL Project.” In
    <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis
    of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 20–32, 2016.
  ieee: M. Beutner and J. Schneider, “The strcture of the SEEL Project,” in <i>Sounds
    and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basis of the
    SEEl project</i>, M. Beutner, Ed. 2016, pp. 20–32.
  mla: Beutner, Marc, and J. Schneider. “The Strcture of the SEEL Project.” <i>Sounds
    and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis of the
    SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 2016, pp. 20–32.
  short: 'M. Beutner, J. Schneider, in: M. Beutner (Ed.), Sounds and Audios in E-Learning
    Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project, 2016, pp.
    20–32.'
date_created: 2019-04-12T09:23:54Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:05Z
department:
- _id: '211'
editor:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  last_name: Beutner
language:
- iso: eng
page: 20 - 32
publication: Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on
  the basis of the SEEl project
status: public
title: The strcture of the SEEL Project
type: book_chapter
user_id: '66030'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '8888'
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  id: '21118'
  last_name: Beutner
- first_name: J
  full_name: Schneider, J
  last_name: Schneider
citation:
  ama: 'Beutner M, Schneider J. Situation of visual impaired in Germany. In: Beutner
    M, ed. <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on
    the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>. Köln; 2016:34-42.'
  apa: Beutner, M., &#38; Schneider, J. (2016). Situation of visual impaired in Germany.
    In M. Beutner (Ed.), <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and
    Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project</i> (pp. 34–42). Köln.
  bibtex: '@inbook{Beutner_Schneider_2016, place={Köln}, title={Situation of visual
    impaired in Germany}, booktitle={Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results
    and Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project}, author={Beutner, Marc and Schneider,
    J}, editor={Beutner, MarcEditor}, year={2016}, pages={34–42} }'
  chicago: Beutner, Marc, and J Schneider. “Situation of Visual Impaired in Germany.”
    In <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the
    Basis of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 34–42. Köln, 2016.
  ieee: M. Beutner and J. Schneider, “Situation of visual impaired in Germany,” in
    <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basis
    of the SEEl project</i>, M. Beutner, Ed. Köln, 2016, pp. 34–42.
  mla: Beutner, Marc, and J. Schneider. “Situation of Visual Impaired in Germany.”
    <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis
    of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 2016, pp. 34–42.
  short: 'M. Beutner, J. Schneider, in: M. Beutner (Ed.), Sounds and Audios in E-Learning
    Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project, Köln, 2016,
    pp. 34–42.'
date_created: 2019-04-12T09:30:03Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:05Z
department:
- _id: '211'
editor:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  last_name: Beutner
language:
- iso: eng
page: 34 - 42
place: Köln
publication: Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on
  the basis of the SEEl project
status: public
title: Situation of visual impaired in Germany
type: book_chapter
user_id: '66030'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '8889'
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  id: '21118'
  last_name: Beutner
citation:
  ama: 'Beutner M. Quasi-Experimental Design concerning learning with sounds in education.
    In: Beutner M, ed. <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>. Köln; 2016:56-64.'
  apa: Beutner, M. (2016). Quasi-Experimental Design concerning learning with sounds
    in education. In M. Beutner (Ed.), <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios.
    Results and Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project</i> (pp. 56–64). Köln.
  bibtex: '@inbook{Beutner_2016, place={Köln}, title={Quasi-Experimental Design concerning
    learning with sounds in education}, booktitle={Sounds and Audios in E-learning
    scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project}, author={Beutner,
    Marc}, editor={Beutner, MarcEditor}, year={2016}, pages={56–64} }'
  chicago: Beutner, Marc. “Quasi-Experimental Design Concerning Learning with Sounds
    in Education.” In <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 56–64. Köln, 2016.
  ieee: M. Beutner, “Quasi-Experimental Design concerning learning with sounds in
    education,” in <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the basis of the SEEl project</i>, M. Beutner, Ed. Köln, 2016, pp. 56–64.
  mla: Beutner, Marc. “Quasi-Experimental Design Concerning Learning with Sounds in
    Education.” <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 2016, pp. 56–64.
  short: 'M. Beutner, in: M. Beutner (Ed.), Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios.
    Results and Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project, Köln, 2016, pp. 56–64.'
date_created: 2019-04-12T09:32:51Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:05Z
department:
- _id: '211'
editor:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  last_name: Beutner
language:
- iso: eng
page: 56 - 64
place: Köln
publication: Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on
  the basis of the SEEl project
status: public
title: Quasi-Experimental Design concerning learning with sounds in education
type: book_chapter
user_id: '66030'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '8890'
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  id: '21118'
  last_name: Beutner
- first_name: J
  full_name: Schneider, J
  last_name: Schneider
citation:
  ama: 'Beutner M, Schneider J. The general structure of the SEEL Teacher Training
    Course. In: Beutner M, ed. <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results
    and Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>. Köln; 2016:64-65.'
  apa: Beutner, M., &#38; Schneider, J. (2016). The general structure of the SEEL
    Teacher Training Course. In M. Beutner (Ed.), <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning
    scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project</i> (pp. 64–65).
    Köln.
  bibtex: '@inbook{Beutner_Schneider_2016, place={Köln}, title={The general structure
    of the SEEL Teacher Training Course}, booktitle={Sounds and Audios in E-learning
    scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project}, author={Beutner,
    Marc and Schneider, J}, editor={Beutner, MarcEditor}, year={2016}, pages={64–65}
    }'
  chicago: Beutner, Marc, and J Schneider. “The General Structure of the SEEL Teacher
    Training Course.” In <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and
    Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 64–65.
    Köln, 2016.
  ieee: M. Beutner and J. Schneider, “The general structure of the SEEL Teacher Training
    Course,” in <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the basis of the SEEl project</i>, M. Beutner, Ed. Köln, 2016, pp. 64–65.
  mla: Beutner, Marc, and J. Schneider. “The General Structure of the SEEL Teacher
    Training Course.” <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions
    on the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 2016, pp. 64–65.
  short: 'M. Beutner, J. Schneider, in: M. Beutner (Ed.), Sounds and Audios in E-Learning
    Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project, Köln, 2016,
    pp. 64–65.'
date_created: 2019-04-12T09:40:35Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:05Z
department:
- _id: '211'
editor:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  last_name: Beutner
language:
- iso: eng
page: 64 - 65
place: Köln
publication: Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on
  the basis of the SEEl project
status: public
title: The general structure of the SEEL Teacher Training Course
type: book_chapter
user_id: '66030'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '8891'
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  id: '21118'
  last_name: Beutner
citation:
  ama: 'Beutner M. Insights in the evaluation results of the SEEL Project. In: Beutner
    M, ed. <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on
    the Basis of the SEEl Project</i>. Köln; 2016:81-83.'
  apa: Beutner, M. (2016). Insights in the evaluation results of the SEEL Project.
    In M. Beutner (Ed.), <i>Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and
    Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project</i> (pp. 81–83). Köln.
  bibtex: '@inbook{Beutner_2016, place={Köln}, title={Insights in the evaluation results
    of the SEEL Project}, booktitle={Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results
    and Discussions on the basis of the SEEl project}, author={Beutner, Marc}, editor={Beutner,
    MarcEditor}, year={2016}, pages={81–83} }'
  chicago: Beutner, Marc. “Insights in the Evaluation Results of the SEEL Project.”
    In <i>Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the
    Basis of the SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 81–83. Köln, 2016.
  ieee: M. Beutner, “Insights in the evaluation results of the SEEL Project,” in <i>Sounds
    and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on the basis of the
    SEEl project</i>, M. Beutner, Ed. Köln, 2016, pp. 81–83.
  mla: Beutner, Marc. “Insights in the Evaluation Results of the SEEL Project.” <i>Sounds
    and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios. Results and Discussions on the Basis of the
    SEEl Project</i>, edited by Marc Beutner, 2016, pp. 81–83.
  short: 'M. Beutner, in: M. Beutner (Ed.), Sounds and Audios in E-Learning Scenarios.
    Results and Discussions on the Basis of the SEEl Project, Köln, 2016, pp. 81–83.'
date_created: 2019-04-12T09:55:50Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:05Z
department:
- _id: '211'
editor:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Beutner, Marc
  last_name: Beutner
language:
- iso: eng
page: 81 - 83
place: Köln
publication: Sounds and Audios in E-learning scenarios. Results and Discussions on
  the basis of the SEEl project
status: public
title: Insights in the evaluation results of the SEEL Project
type: book_chapter
user_id: '66030'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '4374'
author:
- first_name: Steffen
  full_name: Zimmermann, Steffen
  last_name: Zimmermann
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Herrmann, Philipp
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Kundisch, Dennis
  id: '21117'
  last_name: Kundisch
- first_name: Barrie
  full_name: Nault, Barrie
  last_name: Nault
citation:
  ama: 'Zimmermann S, Herrmann P, Kundisch D, Nault B. How do different Sources of
    the Variance of Online Consumer Ratings matter? In: <i>Workshop on IS Design and
    Economic Behavior (ISDEB)</i>. ; 2016.'
  apa: Zimmermann, S., Herrmann, P., Kundisch, D., &#38; Nault, B. (2016). How do
    different Sources of the Variance of Online Consumer Ratings matter? In <i>Workshop
    on IS Design and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)</i>. Ilmenau, Germany.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Zimmermann_Herrmann_Kundisch_Nault_2016, title={How do different
    Sources of the Variance of Online Consumer Ratings matter?}, booktitle={Workshop
    on IS Design and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)}, author={Zimmermann, Steffen and Herrmann,
    Philipp and Kundisch, Dennis and Nault, Barrie}, year={2016} }'
  chicago: Zimmermann, Steffen, Philipp Herrmann, Dennis Kundisch, and Barrie Nault.
    “How Do Different Sources of the Variance of Online Consumer Ratings Matter?”
    In <i>Workshop on IS Design and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)</i>, 2016.
  ieee: S. Zimmermann, P. Herrmann, D. Kundisch, and B. Nault, “How do different Sources
    of the Variance of Online Consumer Ratings matter?,” in <i>Workshop on IS Design
    and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)</i>, Ilmenau, Germany, 2016.
  mla: Zimmermann, Steffen, et al. “How Do Different Sources of the Variance of Online
    Consumer Ratings Matter?” <i>Workshop on IS Design and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)</i>,
    2016.
  short: 'S. Zimmermann, P. Herrmann, D. Kundisch, B. Nault, in: Workshop on IS Design
    and Economic Behavior (ISDEB), 2016.'
conference:
  location: Ilmenau, Germany
  name: Workshop on IS Design and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)
date_created: 2018-09-10T13:02:44Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:00:59Z
ddc:
- '330'
department:
- _id: '276'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: abursig
  date_created: 2019-01-29T14:38:25Z
  date_updated: 2019-01-29T14:38:25Z
  file_id: '7242'
  file_name: Rating Variance_CIST_Abstract.pdf
  file_size: 83968
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2019-01-29T14:38:25Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '1'
  name: SFB 901
- _id: '2'
  name: SFB 901 - Project Area A
- _id: '8'
  name: SFB 901 - Subproject A4
publication: Workshop on IS Design and Economic Behavior (ISDEB)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: How do different Sources of the Variance of Online Consumer Ratings matter?
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '477'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5020'
author:
- first_name: Annika
  full_name: Hegemann, Annika
  last_name: Hegemann
citation:
  ama: Hegemann A. <i>Hemmt Die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung Unternehmerische Flexibilität?</i>
    Vol 203.; 2016.
  apa: Hegemann, A. (2016). <i>Hemmt die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung unternehmerische
    Flexibilität?</i> (Vol. 203).
  bibtex: '@book{Hegemann_2016, series={arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation},
    title={Hemmt die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung unternehmerische Flexibilität?},
    volume={203}, author={Hegemann, Annika}, year={2016}, collection={arqus, Quantitative
    Research in Taxation} }'
  chicago: Hegemann, Annika. <i>Hemmt Die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung Unternehmerische
    Flexibilität?</i> Vol. 203. Arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation, 2016.
  ieee: A. Hegemann, <i>Hemmt die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung unternehmerische Flexibilität?</i>,
    vol. 203. 2016.
  mla: Hegemann, Annika. <i>Hemmt Die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung Unternehmerische
    Flexibilität?</i> Vol. 203, 2016.
  short: A. Hegemann, Hemmt Die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung Unternehmerische Flexibilität?,
    2016.
date_created: 2018-10-30T13:07:28Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:35Z
department:
- _id: '187'
intvolume: '       203'
language:
- iso: eng
series_title: arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation
status: public
title: Hemmt die Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung unternehmerische Flexibilität?
type: working_paper
user_id: '21222'
volume: 203
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5021'
author:
- first_name: Annika
  full_name: Hegemann, Annika
  last_name: Hegemann
citation:
  ama: 'Hegemann A. <i> Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung</i>.
    Paderborn: Universität Paderborn; 2016.'
  apa: 'Hegemann, A. (2016). <i> Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung</i>.
    Paderborn: Universität Paderborn.'
  bibtex: '@book{Hegemann_2016, place={Paderborn}, title={ Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen
    bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung}, publisher={Universität Paderborn}, author={Hegemann,
    Annika}, year={2016} }'
  chicago: 'Hegemann, Annika. <i> Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung</i>.
    Paderborn: Universität Paderborn, 2016.'
  ieee: 'A. Hegemann, <i> Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung</i>.
    Paderborn: Universität Paderborn, 2016.'
  mla: Hegemann, Annika. <i> Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung</i>.
    Universität Paderborn, 2016.
  short: A. Hegemann,  Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung,
    Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, 2016.
date_created: 2018-10-30T13:09:07Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:35Z
department:
- _id: '187'
language:
- iso: ger
place: Paderborn
publisher: Universität Paderborn
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Caren
  full_name: Sureth-Sloane, Caren
  id: '530'
  last_name: Sureth-Sloane
title: ' Investitionszeitpunktentscheidungen bei Veräußerungsgewinnbesteuerung'
type: dissertation
user_id: '21222'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5022'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) recently
    proposed\r\nan interest barrier to fight tax base erosion and profit shifting
    (BEPS). We use the introduction\r\nof such an interest deductibility restriction
    in Germany as a quasi-experiment and find significant\r\ncorporate capital structure
    responses. Using single entity financial statements and a detailed matching\r\napproach,
    we find evidence that companies that are affected by the interest barrier reduce
    their\r\nleverage by 4.7 percentage points more than non-affected companies. The
    effects are stronger among\r\nnon-financially constrained firms. Our results imply
    that interest barrier effects on capital structure\r\nhave so far been heavily
    underestimated."
author:
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Alberternst, Stephan
  last_name: Alberternst
- first_name: Caren
  full_name: Sureth-Sloane, Caren
  id: '530'
  last_name: Sureth-Sloane
citation:
  ama: Alberternst S, Sureth-Sloane C. <i>Interest Barrier and Capital Structure Response</i>.
    Vol 206.; 2016.
  apa: Alberternst, S., &#38; Sureth-Sloane, C. (2016). <i>Interest Barrier and Capital
    Structure Response</i> (Vol. 206).
  bibtex: '@book{Alberternst_Sureth-Sloane_2016, series={arqus, Quantitative Research
    in Taxation}, title={Interest Barrier and Capital Structure Response}, volume={206},
    author={Alberternst, Stephan and Sureth-Sloane, Caren}, year={2016}, collection={arqus,
    Quantitative Research in Taxation} }'
  chicago: Alberternst, Stephan, and Caren Sureth-Sloane. <i>Interest Barrier and
    Capital Structure Response</i>. Vol. 206. Arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation,
    2016.
  ieee: S. Alberternst and C. Sureth-Sloane, <i>Interest Barrier and Capital Structure
    Response</i>, vol. 206. 2016.
  mla: Alberternst, Stephan, and Caren Sureth-Sloane. <i>Interest Barrier and Capital
    Structure Response</i>. Vol. 206, 2016.
  short: S. Alberternst, C. Sureth-Sloane, Interest Barrier and Capital Structure
    Response, 2016.
date_created: 2018-10-30T13:11:31Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:35Z
ddc:
- '330'
department:
- _id: '187'
- _id: '635'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: llennard
  date_created: 2020-09-24T12:41:51Z
  date_updated: 2020-09-24T12:41:51Z
  file_id: '19655'
  file_name: arqus_206.pdf
  file_size: 940451
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-09-24T12:41:51Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       206'
language:
- iso: eng
series_title: arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation
status: public
title: Interest Barrier and Capital Structure Response
type: working_paper
user_id: '61801'
volume: 206
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5023'
author:
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Alberternst, Stephan
  last_name: Alberternst
citation:
  ama: Alberternst S. <i>Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer
    und Personengesellschaften - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit</i>. Vol
    207.; 2016.
  apa: Alberternst, S. (2016). <i>Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer
    und Personengesellschaften - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit</i> (Vol.
    207).
  bibtex: '@book{Alberternst_2016, series={arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation},
    title={Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer und Personengesellschaften
    - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit}, volume={207}, author={Alberternst,
    Stephan}, year={2016}, collection={arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation} }'
  chicago: Alberternst, Stephan. <i>Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer
    und Personengesellschaften - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit</i>. Vol.
    207. arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation, 2016.
  ieee: S. Alberternst, <i>Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer
    und Personengesellschaften - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit</i>, vol.
    207. 2016.
  mla: Alberternst, Stephan. <i>Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer
    und Personengesellschaften - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit</i>. Vol.
    207, 2016.
  short: S. Alberternst, Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer
    und Personengesellschaften - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit, 2016.
date_created: 2018-10-30T13:13:05Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:35Z
department:
- _id: '187'
intvolume: '       207'
language:
- iso: ger
series_title: arqus, Quantitative Research in Taxation
status: public
title: Relevanz der deutschen Zinsschranke für Einzelunternehmer und Personengesellschaften
  - eine dynamische Analyse der Betroffenheit
type: working_paper
user_id: '21222'
volume: 207
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5024'
author:
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Alberternst, Stephan
  last_name: Alberternst
citation:
  ama: 'Alberternst S. <i>Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit und
    ökonomische Konsequenzen</i>. Paderborn: Universität Paderborn; 2016.'
  apa: 'Alberternst, S. (2016). <i>Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit
    und ökonomische Konsequenzen</i>. Paderborn: Universität Paderborn.'
  bibtex: '@book{Alberternst_2016, place={Paderborn}, title={Die deutsche Zinsschranke :
    Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit und ökonomische Konsequenzen}, publisher={Universität
    Paderborn}, author={Alberternst, Stephan}, year={2016} }'
  chicago: 'Alberternst, Stephan. <i>Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit
    und ökonomische Konsequenzen</i>. Paderborn: Universität Paderborn, 2016.'
  ieee: 'S. Alberternst, <i>Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit
    und ökonomische Konsequenzen</i>. Paderborn: Universität Paderborn, 2016.'
  mla: 'Alberternst, Stephan. <i>Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit
    und ökonomische Konsequenzen</i>. Universität Paderborn, 2016.'
  short: 'S. Alberternst, Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit und
    ökonomische Konsequenzen, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, 2016.'
date_created: 2018-10-30T13:14:15Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:35Z
department:
- _id: '187'
language:
- iso: ger
place: Paderborn
publisher: Universität Paderborn
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Caren
  full_name: Sureth-Sloane, Caren
  id: '530'
  last_name: Sureth-Sloane
title: 'Die deutsche Zinsschranke : Betroffenheit, Wirksamkeit und ökonomische Konsequenzen'
type: dissertation
user_id: '21222'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5119'
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Peitz, Christian
  last_name: Peitz
citation:
  ama: 'Peitz C. <i>Die Parametrische Und Semiparametrische Analyse von Finanzzeitreihen:
    Neue Methoden, Modelle Und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten</i>. Springer-Verlag; 2016.'
  apa: 'Peitz, C. (2016). <i>Die parametrische und semiparametrische Analyse von Finanzzeitreihen:
    neue Methoden, Modelle und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten</i>. Springer-Verlag.'
  bibtex: '@book{Peitz_2016, title={Die parametrische und semiparametrische Analyse
    von Finanzzeitreihen: neue Methoden, Modelle und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten}, publisher={Springer-Verlag},
    author={Peitz, Christian}, year={2016} }'
  chicago: 'Peitz, Christian. <i>Die Parametrische Und Semiparametrische Analyse von
    Finanzzeitreihen: Neue Methoden, Modelle Und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten</i>. Springer-Verlag,
    2016.'
  ieee: 'C. Peitz, <i>Die parametrische und semiparametrische Analyse von Finanzzeitreihen:
    neue Methoden, Modelle und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten</i>. Springer-Verlag, 2016.'
  mla: 'Peitz, Christian. <i>Die Parametrische Und Semiparametrische Analyse von Finanzzeitreihen:
    Neue Methoden, Modelle Und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten</i>. Springer-Verlag, 2016.'
  short: 'C. Peitz, Die Parametrische Und Semiparametrische Analyse von Finanzzeitreihen:
    Neue Methoden, Modelle Und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten, Springer-Verlag, 2016.'
date_created: 2018-10-31T08:12:15Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:38Z
department:
- _id: '206'
publisher: Springer-Verlag
status: public
title: 'Die parametrische und semiparametrische Analyse von Finanzzeitreihen: neue
  Methoden, Modelle und Anwendungsm\"oglichkeiten'
type: book
user_id: '26589'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5140'
author:
- first_name: 'Maximilian '
  full_name: 'Müller, Maximilian '
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Denis
  full_name: Schweizer, Denis
  last_name: Schweizer
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Seiler, Volker
  last_name: Seiler
citation:
  ama: Müller M, Schweizer D, Seiler V. Wealth effects of rare earth prices and China’s
    rare earth elements policy. <i>Journal of business ethics</i>. 2016;138(4):627-648.
  apa: Müller, M., Schweizer, D., &#38; Seiler, V. (2016). Wealth effects of rare
    earth prices and China’s rare earth elements policy. <i>Journal of Business Ethics</i>,
    <i>138</i>(4), 627–648.
  bibtex: '@article{Müller_Schweizer_Seiler_2016, title={Wealth effects of rare earth
    prices and China’s rare earth elements policy}, volume={138}, number={4}, journal={Journal
    of business ethics}, publisher={Springer}, author={Müller, Maximilian  and Schweizer,
    Denis and Seiler, Volker}, year={2016}, pages={627–648} }'
  chicago: 'Müller, Maximilian , Denis Schweizer, and Volker Seiler. “Wealth Effects
    of Rare Earth Prices and China’s Rare Earth Elements Policy.” <i>Journal of Business
    Ethics</i> 138, no. 4 (2016): 627–48.'
  ieee: M. Müller, D. Schweizer, and V. Seiler, “Wealth effects of rare earth prices
    and China’s rare earth elements policy,” <i>Journal of business ethics</i>, vol.
    138, no. 4, pp. 627–648, 2016.
  mla: Müller, Maximilian, et al. “Wealth Effects of Rare Earth Prices and China’s
    Rare Earth Elements Policy.” <i>Journal of Business Ethics</i>, vol. 138, no.
    4, Springer, 2016, pp. 627–48.
  short: M. Müller, D. Schweizer, V. Seiler, Journal of Business Ethics 138 (2016)
    627–648.
date_created: 2018-10-31T09:06:28Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:38Z
department:
- _id: '203'
intvolume: '       138'
issue: '4'
page: 627-648
publication: Journal of business ethics
publisher: Springer
status: public
title: Wealth effects of rare earth prices and China’s rare earth elements policy
type: journal_article
user_id: '26589'
volume: 138
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5151'
author:
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Oertel, Simon
  last_name: Oertel
- first_name: Kirsten
  full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
  id: '72497'
  last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Walgenbach, Peter
  last_name: Walgenbach
citation:
  ama: 'Oertel S, Thommes K, Walgenbach P. Shadows of the past: The effect of communist
    heritage on employee consultation. <i>ILR Review</i>. 2016;69(3):683-713.'
  apa: 'Oertel, S., Thommes, K., &#38; Walgenbach, P. (2016). Shadows of the past:
    The effect of communist heritage on employee consultation. <i>ILR Review</i>,
    <i>69</i>(3), 683–713.'
  bibtex: '@article{Oertel_Thommes_Walgenbach_2016, title={Shadows of the past: The
    effect of communist heritage on employee consultation}, volume={69}, number={3},
    journal={ILR Review}, publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
    author={Oertel, Simon and Thommes, Kirsten and Walgenbach, Peter}, year={2016},
    pages={683–713} }'
  chicago: 'Oertel, Simon, Kirsten Thommes, and Peter Walgenbach. “Shadows of the
    Past: The Effect of Communist Heritage on Employee Consultation.” <i>ILR Review</i>
    69, no. 3 (2016): 683–713.'
  ieee: 'S. Oertel, K. Thommes, and P. Walgenbach, “Shadows of the past: The effect
    of communist heritage on employee consultation,” <i>ILR Review</i>, vol. 69, no.
    3, pp. 683–713, 2016.'
  mla: 'Oertel, Simon, et al. “Shadows of the Past: The Effect of Communist Heritage
    on Employee Consultation.” <i>ILR Review</i>, vol. 69, no. 3, SAGE Publications
    Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA, 2016, pp. 683–713.'
  short: S. Oertel, K. Thommes, P. Walgenbach, ILR Review 69 (2016) 683–713.
date_created: 2018-10-31T09:25:40Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:39Z
department:
- _id: '178'
- _id: '184'
intvolume: '        69'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 683-713
publication: ILR Review
publisher: 'SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA'
status: public
title: 'Shadows of the past: The effect of communist heritage on employee consultation'
type: journal_article
user_id: '69384'
volume: 69
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5152'
author:
- first_name: Kirsten
  full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
  id: '72497'
  last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Oertel, Simon
  last_name: Oertel
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Walgenbach, Peter
  last_name: Walgenbach
citation:
  ama: Thommes K, Oertel S, Walgenbach P. Organizational Failure in the Aftermath
    of Institutional Upheaval. <i>Organization Studies</i>. 2016;37(8):1067-1087.
  apa: Thommes, K., Oertel, S., &#38; Walgenbach, P. (2016). Organizational Failure
    in the Aftermath of Institutional Upheaval. <i>Organization Studies</i>, <i>37</i>(8),
    1067–1087.
  bibtex: '@article{Thommes_Oertel_Walgenbach_2016, title={Organizational Failure
    in the Aftermath of Institutional Upheaval}, volume={37}, number={8}, journal={Organization
    Studies}, author={Thommes, Kirsten and Oertel, Simon and Walgenbach, Peter}, year={2016},
    pages={1067–1087} }'
  chicago: 'Thommes, Kirsten, Simon Oertel, and Peter Walgenbach. “Organizational
    Failure in the Aftermath of Institutional Upheaval.” <i>Organization Studies</i>
    37, no. 8 (2016): 1067–87.'
  ieee: K. Thommes, S. Oertel, and P. Walgenbach, “Organizational Failure in the Aftermath
    of Institutional Upheaval,” <i>Organization Studies</i>, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1067–1087,
    2016.
  mla: Thommes, Kirsten, et al. “Organizational Failure in the Aftermath of Institutional
    Upheaval.” <i>Organization Studies</i>, vol. 37, no. 8, 2016, pp. 1067–87.
  short: K. Thommes, S. Oertel, P. Walgenbach, Organization Studies 37 (2016) 1067–1087.
date_created: 2018-10-31T09:30:16Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:39Z
department:
- _id: '178'
- _id: '184'
intvolume: '        37'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1067-1087
publication: Organization Studies
status: public
title: Organizational Failure in the Aftermath of Institutional Upheaval
type: journal_article
user_id: '69384'
volume: 37
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5200'
author:
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Kengelbach, Jens
  last_name: Kengelbach
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Keienburg, Georg
  last_name: Keienburg
- first_name: Timo
  full_name: Schmid, Timo
  last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Sönke
  full_name: Sievers, Sönke
  id: '46447'
  last_name: Sievers
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Mehring, Oliver
  id: '36373'
  last_name: Mehring
citation:
  ama: Kengelbach J, Keienburg G, Schmid T, Sievers S, Mehring O. <i>Masters of the
    Corporate Portfolio</i>. The Boston Consulting Group, Inc., M&#38;A Report; 2016.
  apa: Kengelbach, J., Keienburg, G., Schmid, T., Sievers, S., &#38; Mehring, O. (2016).
    <i>Masters of the Corporate Portfolio</i>. The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.,
    M&#38;A Report.
  bibtex: '@book{Kengelbach_Keienburg_Schmid_Sievers_Mehring_2016, title={Masters
    of the Corporate Portfolio}, publisher={The Boston Consulting Group, Inc., M&#38;A
    Report}, author={Kengelbach, Jens and Keienburg, Georg and Schmid, Timo and Sievers,
    Sönke and Mehring, Oliver}, year={2016} }'
  chicago: Kengelbach, Jens, Georg Keienburg, Timo Schmid, Sönke Sievers, and Oliver
    Mehring. <i>Masters of the Corporate Portfolio</i>. The Boston Consulting Group,
    Inc., M&#38;A Report, 2016.
  ieee: J. Kengelbach, G. Keienburg, T. Schmid, S. Sievers, and O. Mehring, <i>Masters
    of the Corporate Portfolio</i>. The Boston Consulting Group, Inc., M&#38;A Report,
    2016.
  mla: Kengelbach, Jens, et al. <i>Masters of the Corporate Portfolio</i>. The Boston
    Consulting Group, Inc., M&#38;A Report, 2016.
  short: J. Kengelbach, G. Keienburg, T. Schmid, S. Sievers, O. Mehring, Masters of
    the Corporate Portfolio, The Boston Consulting Group, Inc., M&#38;A Report, 2016.
date_created: 2018-10-31T12:26:07Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:43Z
department:
- _id: '275'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://en.wiwi.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/dep2ls9/Dateien_Sievers/2016_MA_Report_Masters_of_the_Corporate_Portfolio_BCG_Uni_Paderborn.pdf
publication_status: published
publisher: The Boston Consulting Group, Inc., M&A Report
status: public
title: Masters of the Corporate Portfolio
type: report
user_id: '46447'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5595'
author:
- first_name: Gerit
  full_name: Wagner, Gerit
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Prester, Julian
  last_name: Prester
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Roche, Maria
  last_name: Roche
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Benlian, Alexander
  last_name: Benlian
- first_name: Guido
  full_name: Schryen, Guido
  id: '72850'
  last_name: Schryen
citation:
  ama: 'Wagner G, Prester J, Roche M, Benlian A, Schryen G. Factors Affecting the
    Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews: A Scientometric Study. In: <i>International
    Conference on Information Systems</i>. ; 2016.'
  apa: 'Wagner, G., Prester, J., Roche, M., Benlian, A., &#38; Schryen, G. (2016).
    Factors Affecting the Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews: A Scientometric
    Study. In <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Wagner_Prester_Roche_Benlian_Schryen_2016, title={Factors
    Affecting the Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews: A Scientometric Study},
    booktitle={International Conference on Information Systems}, author={Wagner, Gerit
    and Prester, Julian and Roche, Maria and Benlian, Alexander and Schryen, Guido},
    year={2016} }'
  chicago: 'Wagner, Gerit, Julian Prester, Maria Roche, Alexander Benlian, and Guido
    Schryen. “Factors Affecting the Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews: A Scientometric
    Study.” In <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>, 2016.'
  ieee: 'G. Wagner, J. Prester, M. Roche, A. Benlian, and G. Schryen, “Factors Affecting
    the Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews: A Scientometric Study,” in <i>International
    Conference on Information Systems</i>, 2016.'
  mla: 'Wagner, Gerit, et al. “Factors Affecting the Scientific Impact of Literature
    Reviews: A Scientometric Study.” <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>,
    2016.'
  short: 'G. Wagner, J. Prester, M. Roche, A. Benlian, G. Schryen, in: International
    Conference on Information Systems, 2016.'
date_created: 2018-11-14T11:34:31Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:02:05Z
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: '277'
extern: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: hsiemes
  date_created: 2018-12-07T11:38:41Z
  date_updated: 2018-12-13T15:08:15Z
  file_id: '6030'
  file_name: ICIS2016 - Factors Affecting the Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews.pdf
  file_size: 725409
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2018-12-13T15:08:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
publication: International Conference on Information Systems
status: public
title: 'Factors Affecting the Scientific Impact of Literature Reviews: A Scientometric
  Study'
type: conference
user_id: '61579'
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '5617'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: CAPTCHAs are challenge-response tests that aim at preventing unwanted machines,
    including bots, from accessing web services while providing easy access for humans.
    Recent advances in artificial-intelligence based attacks show that the level of
    security provided by many state-of-the-art text-based CAPTCHAs is declining. At
    the same time, techniques for distorting and obscuring the text, which are used
    to maintain the level of security, make text-based CAPTCHAs diffcult to solve
    for humans, and thereby further degrade usability. The need for developing alternative
    types of CAPTCHAs which improve both, the current security and usability levels,
    has been emphasized by several researchers. With this study, we contribute to
    research through (1) the development of two new face recognition CAPTCHAs (Farett-Gender
    and Farett-Gender&Age), (2) the security analysis of both procedures, and (3)
    the provision of empirical evidence that one of the suggested CAPTCHAs (Farett-Gender)
    is similar to Google's reCAPTCHA and better than KCAPTCHA concerning effectiveness
    (error rates), superior to both regarding learnability and satisfaction but not
    effciency.
author:
- first_name: Guido
  full_name: Schryen, Guido
  id: '72850'
  last_name: Schryen
- first_name: Gerit
  full_name: Wagner, Gerit
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Schlegel, Alexander
  last_name: Schlegel
citation:
  ama: 'Schryen G, Wagner G, Schlegel A. Development of two novel face-recognition
    CAPTCHAs: a security and usability study. <i>Computers &#38; Security</i>. 2016;60(July):95-116.'
  apa: 'Schryen, G., Wagner, G., &#38; Schlegel, A. (2016). Development of two novel
    face-recognition CAPTCHAs: a security and usability study. <i>Computers &#38;
    Security</i>, <i>60</i>(July), 95–116.'
  bibtex: '@article{Schryen_Wagner_Schlegel_2016, title={Development of two novel
    face-recognition CAPTCHAs: a security and usability study}, volume={60}, number={July},
    journal={Computers &#38; Security}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Schryen, Guido
    and Wagner, Gerit and Schlegel, Alexander}, year={2016}, pages={95–116} }'
  chicago: 'Schryen, Guido, Gerit Wagner, and Alexander Schlegel. “Development of
    Two Novel Face-Recognition CAPTCHAs: A Security and Usability Study.” <i>Computers
    &#38; Security</i> 60, no. July (2016): 95–116.'
  ieee: 'G. Schryen, G. Wagner, and A. Schlegel, “Development of two novel face-recognition
    CAPTCHAs: a security and usability study,” <i>Computers &#38; Security</i>, vol.
    60, no. July, pp. 95–116, 2016.'
  mla: 'Schryen, Guido, et al. “Development of Two Novel Face-Recognition CAPTCHAs:
    A Security and Usability Study.” <i>Computers &#38; Security</i>, vol. 60, no.
    July, Elsevier, 2016, pp. 95–116.'
  short: G. Schryen, G. Wagner, A. Schlegel, Computers &#38; Security 60 (2016) 95–116.
date_created: 2018-11-14T14:00:47Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:02:10Z
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  creator: hsiemes
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file_date_updated: 2018-12-13T15:07:36Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        60'
issue: July
keyword:
- CAPTCHA
- Usability
- Facial features
- Gender classiffcation
- Age classification
- Face recognition reverse Turing test
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: 95-116
publication: Computers & Security
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: 'Development of two novel face-recognition CAPTCHAs: a security and usability
  study'
type: journal_article
user_id: '61579'
volume: 60
year: '2016'
...