@inproceedings{20827,
  abstract     = {{Cyber-physical systems like self-driving cars are highly complex and safety-critical. This results in a great number of safety requirements that have different levels of criticality. In automotive, the criticality is categorized in Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL). As a high ASIL causes high development effort, the goal is to develop most subsystems with lower ASIL requirements. To achieve this ASIL tailoring, subsystems need to be separated or redundantly implemented. These safety measures are usually integrated late in the development process and thus cause costly development iterations. In this paper, we present a systematic, tool-supported ASIL tailoring process for the requirements analysis phase. It is applied on formal safety requirements and automatically generated fault trees for a functional view of the system. The process supports early planning of safety efforts for mixed-criticality systems and avoids costly late development iterations.}},
  author       = {{Fockel, Markus}},
  booktitle    = {{5th International Workshop on Next Generation of System Assurance Approaches for Safety-Critical Systems (SASSUR)}},
  pages        = {{298–310}},
  publisher    = {{Springer International Publishing Switzerland}},
  title        = {{{ASIL Tailoring on Functional Safety Requirements}}},
  volume       = {{9923}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@article{20828,
  abstract     = {{In verschiedenen Unternehmen wird mit Anforderungen unterschiedlich umgegangen. Je nach Größe, Branche und Unternehmenskultur ist das Thema Requirements Engineering (RE) mal weniger, mal mehr etabliert. In einigen Unternehmen wird es als lästige Zusatzaufgabe betrachtet, während andere Unternehmen ganze Abteilungen mit RE als Kernkompetenz betreiben. RE wird allerdings in jedem Projekt - bewusst oder unbewusst - durchgeführt! RE ist die Basis für den weiteren Entwicklungsprozess, die Validierung/Verifikation und die Plan- und Messbarkeit des Projekts. Darüber hinaus können Fehler, die auf Anforderungsebene gefunden werden, weniger aufwendig und somit günstiger behoben werden als in späteren Entwicklungsphasen. Am Fraunhofer IEM beraten wir Unternehmen und erforschen neue Methoden bezüglich der Entwicklung von intelligenten technischen Systemen. In diesem Artikel berichten wir über unsere Erfahrungen aus Projekten, in denen wir Unternehmen aus verschiedenen Branchen und mit unterschiedlichem RE-Reifegrad zwecks Leistungssteigerung des RE begleitet haben. Auf Basis dieser Projekterfahrungen zeigen wir Wege auf, wie der Stand des RE mittels eines Reifegradmodells im eigenen Unternehmen verbessert werden kann.}},
  author       = {{Holtmann, Jörg and Fockel, Markus and Koch, Thorsten and Schmelter, David}},
  journal      = {{OBJEKTspektrum}},
  number       = {{RE/2016}},
  title        = {{{Requirements Engineering - Zusatzaufgabe oder Kernkompetenz?}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@article{20829,
  abstract     = {{The development of software-intensive technical systems involves several engineering disciplines like mechanical, electrical, control, and particularly software engineering. Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) coordinates these disciplines throughout the development by means of discipline-spanning processes and a system model. Such a system model provides a common understanding of the system under development and serves as a starting point for the discipline-specific development. An integral part of MBSE is the requirements engineering on the system level. However, these requirements need to be refined for the discipline-specific development to start, e.g., into specific requirements for the embedded software. Since existing MBSE approaches lack support for this refinement step, we conceived in previous work a systematic transition from MBSE to model-based software requirements engineering. We automated the steps of the transition where possible, in order to avoid error-prone and time-consuming manual tasks. In this paper, we extend this approach with support for subsequent process iterations and provide an algorithm for the automated steps. We illustrate the approach and perform a case study with an example of an automotive embedded system.}},
  author       = {{Holtmann, Jörg and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Meyer, Matthias and Schmelter, David and Tschirner, Christian}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Software Evolution and Process}},
  title        = {{{Integrated and iterative systems engineering and software requirements engineering for technical systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/smr.1780}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{20830,
  author       = {{Schubert, David and Heinzemann, Christian and Gerking, Christopher}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 19th international ACM Sigsoft symposium on component-based software engineering}},
  publisher    = {{ACM}},
  title        = {{{Towards Safe Execution of Reconfigurations in Cyber-Physical Systems}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22107,
  abstract     = {{Die Zielsetzung beim Radfahren ist das Leistungspotential des Fahrers vollständig auszunutzen. Dabei muss das Fahrrad optimal an die Körpermaße des Fahrers angepasst werden. Besonders im Radrennsport ist neben dem hohen Leichtbaupotential eine aerodynamische Sitzhaltung von enormer Bedeutung. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Anforderungen sind individuelle Bauteile und Strukturen zu entwickeln, da nicht in allen Fällen die Abmessungen der Standardbauteile eine optimale Anpassung zulassen. Im Hinblick auf einen groß gewachsenen Fahrer ist ein verlängerter Vorbau – Gabel-Lenker-Verbindung – für eine aerodynamische Sitzhaltung und somit einen geringen Luftwiderstand unumgänglich. Für die Herstellung solcher maßgeschneiderten Strukturen ist die additive Fertigung aufgrund der hohen gestalterischen Freiheiten und des hohen Individualisierungsgrades besonders geeignet. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein Fahrradvorbau für einen überdurchschnittlich langen Fahrer festigkeits- und leichtbauoptimiert konstruiert und nach der Norm DIN EN ISO4210 unter Berücksichtigung der verfahrensspezifischen Randbedingungen beziehungsweise Gestaltungsrichtlinien des Laserstrahlschmelzens ausgelegt. Ausgangsbasis für die Geometriegestaltung sind die Grundlagen der Festigkeitsberechnung. Ein CAD-Modell wird erstellt und aufgrund der komplexen Belastungssituation mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Methode numerisch untersucht sowie optimiert. Nach mehreren Iterationsschritten wird für den Werkstoff TiAl6V4 ein gewichtsreduzierter überlanger Fahrradvorbau von 140mm entwickelt und generativ hergestellt. Der anschließende Vergleich zu einem handelsüblichen Vorbau zeigt eine Gewichtsreduktion von ca. 30%.}},
  author       = {{Brüggemann, J.P. and Reschetnik, W. and Richard, H.A. and Kullmer, G. and Schramm, B.}},
  booktitle    = {{Rapid Tech - International Trade Show & Conference for Additive Manufacturing}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-446-45060-8}},
  pages        = {{290--300}},
  title        = {{{Festigkeits- und leichtbauoptimierte Konstruktion und Auslegung eines additiv gefertigten Fahrradvorbaus}}},
  doi          = {{10.3139/9783446450608.025}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22109,
  author       = {{Reschetnik, W. and Grylls, R. and Bauer, B. and Richard, H.A. and Kullmer, G.}},
  title        = {{{Fatigue Life Manipulation of SLM Parts}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22128,
  author       = {{Brüggemann, J.P. and Riemer, A. and Reschetnik, W. and Aydinöz, M.E. and Kullmer, G. and Richard, H.A. and Schaper, M.}},
  booktitle    = {{DVM - Tagung - Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen, Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V.}},
  pages        = {{101--112}},
  title        = {{{Optimierung von Fahrradtretkurbeln mittels additiver Fertigung}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22130,
  author       = {{Reschetnik, W. and Brüggemann, J.P. and Aydinöz, M.E. and Kullmer, G. and Richard, H.A. and Schaper, M.}},
  booktitle    = {{DVM - Tagung - Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen, Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V.}},
  pages        = {{131--140}},
  title        = {{{Lebensdauerbeeinflussung durch Additive Fertigung}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22132,
  author       = {{Riemer, A. and Leuders, L. and Kullmer, G. and Richard, H.A.}},
  booktitle    = {{DVM - Tagung - Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen, Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V.}},
  pages        = {{161--174}},
  title        = {{{Materialkennwerte lasergeschmolzener Werkstoffe}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22146,
  abstract     = {{manufacturing in electrical engineering applications.}},
  author       = {{Reschetnik, W. and Brüggemann, J.P. and Aydinöz, M.E. and Grydin, O. and Hoyer, K.P. and Kullmer, G. and Richard, H.A.}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia Structural Integrity}},
  pages        = {{3040--3048}},
  title        = {{{Fatigue crack growth behavior and mechanical properties of additively processed EN AW-7075 aluminium alloy}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22149,
  author       = {{Riemer, A. and Richard, H.A.}},
  booktitle    = {{Procedia Structural Integrity}},
  pages        = {{1229--1236}},
  title        = {{{Crack Propagation in Additive Manufactured Materials and Structures}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22180,
  abstract     = {{The implementation of lattice structures into additive manufactured parts is an important method to decrease part weight maintaining a high specific payload. However, the manufacturability of lattice structures and mechanical properties for polymer laser sintering are quite unknown yet. To examine the manufacturability, sandwich structures with different cell types, cell sizes and lattice bar widths were designed, manufactured and evaluated. A decisive criterion is for example a sufficient powder removal. In a second step, manufacturable structures were analyzed using four-point-bending tests. Experimental data is compared to the density of the lattice structures and allows for a direct comparison of different cell types with varied geometrical attributes. The results of this work are guidelines for the design and dimensioning of laser sintered lattice structures.}},
  author       = {{Josupeit, Stefan and Delfs, Patrick and Menge, Dennis and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  booktitle    = {{27th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium }},
  pages        = {{2077--2086}},
  title        = {{{Manufacturability and Mechanical Characterization of Laser Sintered Lattice Structures}}},
  doi          = {{http://utw10945.utweb.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/2016/166-Josupeit.pdf}},
  volume       = {{27}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@article{22185,
  abstract     = {{The layered structure of Additive Manufacturing processes results in a stair- stepping effect of the surface topographies. In general, the impact of this effect strongly depends on the build angle of a surface, whereas the overall surface roughness is additionally caused by the resolution of the specific AM process. The aim of this work is the prediction of the surface quality in dependence of the building orientation of a part. These results can finally be used to optimize the orientation to get a desired surface quality. As not all parts of the component surface are equally important, a preselection of areas can be used to improve the overall surface quality of relevant areas. The model uses the digital AMF format of a part. Each triangle is assigned with a roughness value and by testing different orientations the best one can be found. This approach needs a database for the surface qualities. This must be done separately for each Additive Manufacturing process and is shown exemplarily with a surface topography simulation for the laser sintering process.}},
  author       = {{Delfs, Patrick and Tows, Marcel and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  isbn         = {{2214-8604}},
  journal      = {{Additive Manufacturing}},
  number       = {{12, Part B}},
  pages        = {{214--320}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Optimized build orientation of additive manufactured parts for improved surface quality and build time}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.addma.2016.06.003}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22190,
  author       = {{Delfs, Patrick and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  booktitle    = {{Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8396-1001-5}},
  pages        = {{411--414}},
  title        = {{{Extended Analysis of the Surface Topography of Laser Sintered Polymer Parts }}},
  doi          = {{https://www.bookshop.fraunhofer.de/buch/fraunhofer-direct-digital-manufacturing-conference-ddmc-2016/245111#}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22194,
  author       = {{Josupeit, Stefan and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  booktitle    = {{International Congress on Particle Technology (PARTEC) }},
  title        = {{{Thermal properties of polyamide 12 powder for application in laser sintering}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22200,
  abstract     = {{In the polymer laser sinter process, part quality depends on many influencing factors along the process chain. For application of the technology in series production and an integration of laser sintered parts into a technical environment, the dimensional accuracy of parts has to be taken into account. Therefore, occuring deviatons and their scattering have to be reduced and homogenized based on process parameters and build job layout. In this work, the dimensional accuracy of laser sintered parts is analyzed for varied parameter values. Influences of different process and geometrical build job parameters on dimensional deviatons are figured out. The experimental results allow an evaluation of more and less important influences. Finally, measures are deduced to reduce and homogenize dimensional deviations.}},
  author       = {{Josupeit, Stefan and Delfs, Patrick and Lieneke, Tobias and Adam, Guido and Gessler, Monika and Pfisterer, H. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  booktitle    = {{Rapid Tech - International Trade Show & Conference for Additive Manufacturing }},
  isbn         = {{978-3-446-45060-8}},
  pages        = {{107--120}},
  title        = {{{Dimensional accuracy of polymer laser sintered parts: Influences and measures}}},
  doi          = {{10.3139/9783446450608.009}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22403,
  abstract     = {{Additive manufacturing processes offer great freedom in the design of components. This enables a high level of function integration. Also in terms of vibration damping, additive manufacturing yields opportunities for the selective implementation of damping functions due to their characteristics. In powder-based processes the disperse support material can be kept inside the cavities of the structure. This powder material can act as a particle damper. Due to the freedoms in design, the damping behavior can be adjusted selectively by varying the geometrical features of the cavities. Within this paper, investigations on the damping behavior of additive manufactured parts regarding free bending vibrations are focused.}},
  author       = {{Künneke, Thomas and Zimmer, Detmar}},
  booktitle    = {{DVM Tagung - Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen}},
  pages        = {{151--160}},
  title        = {{{Funktionsintegration additiv gefertigter Dämpfungsstrukturen bei Biegeschwingungen}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22404,
  abstract     = {{Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a relatively new technology which enables the toolless production of components and entire assemblies directly from a CAD file. Today, the technology is still not widely used in industrial production. It is mainly limited to special applications, although it shows great potential. In this paper, first approaches are shown to apply AM to the production of rotors for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). The possibilities of a lightweight design with a low moment of inertia as well as the influence on the magnetic anisotropy for an improved sensorless control of PMSM are pointed out. The results clearly demonstrate the great potential of additive manufacturing in electrical engineering applications.}},
  author       = {{Lammers, Stefan and Adam, Guido and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Mrozek, Rafael and Oberacker, Rainer and Hoffmann, Michael and Quattrone, Francesco and Ponick, Bernd}},
  booktitle    = {{EDPC 2016}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-5090-2908-2}},
  title        = {{{Additive Manufacturing of a Lightweight Rotor for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/EDPC.2016.7851312}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22408,
  author       = {{Josupeit, Stefan and Delfs, Patrick and Lieneke, Tobias and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}},
  booktitle    = {{27th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium }},
  title        = {{{Influences on the dimensional Accuracy of Laser Sintered Parts along the Process Chain}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

@inproceedings{22409,
  author       = {{Lieneke, Tobias and de Groot, Stefan and Adam, Guido and Zimmer, Detmar}},
  booktitle    = {{ASPE 2016 Summer Topical Meeting}},
  pages        = {{S.9--15}},
  title        = {{{Dimensional tolerances for additive manufacturing: Experimental investigation of manufacturing accuracy for selective laser melting}}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}