@article{51366, author = {{Schmid, Ute and Wrede, Britta}}, issn = {{0933-1875}}, journal = {{KI - Künstliche Intelligenz}}, keywords = {{Artificial Intelligence}}, number = {{3-4}}, pages = {{207--210}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Explainable AI}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s13218-022-00788-0}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{51365, author = {{Wrede, Britta}}, issn = {{0933-1875}}, journal = {{KI - Künstliche Intelligenz}}, keywords = {{Artificial Intelligence}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{117--120}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{AI: Back to the Roots?}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s13218-022-00773-7}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{51344, abstract = {{Modified action demonstration—dubbed motionese—has been proposed as a way to help children recognize the structure and meaning of actions. However, until now, it has been investigated only in young infants. This brief research report presents findings from a cross-sectional study of parental action demonstrations to three groups of 8–11, 12–23, and 24–30-month-old children that applied seven motionese parameters; a second study investigated the youngest group of participants longitudinally to corroborate the cross-sectional results. Results of both studies suggested that four motionese parameters (Motion Pauses, Pace, Velocity, Acceleration) seem to structure the action by organizing it in motion pauses. Whereas these parameters persist over different ages, three other parameters (Demonstration Length, Roundness, and Range) occur predominantly in the younger group and seem to serve to organize infants' attention on the basis of movement. Results are discussed in terms of facilitative vs. pedagogical learning.}}, author = {{Rohlfing, Katharina and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Fritsch, Jannik and Wrede, Britta}}, issn = {{2297-900X}}, journal = {{Frontiers in Communication}}, keywords = {{Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Communication}}, publisher = {{Frontiers Media SA}}, title = {{{Which “motionese” parameters change with children's age? Disentangling attention-getting from action-structuring modifications}}}, doi = {{10.3389/fcomm.2022.922405}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{51346, author = {{Groß, André and Schütze, Christian and Wrede, Britta and Richter, Birte}}, booktitle = {{INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION}}, pages = {{154--159}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{An Architecture Supporting Configurable Autonomous Multimodal Joint-Attention-Therapy for Various Robotic Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1145/3536220.3558070}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{51347, author = {{Schütze, Christian and Groß, André and Wrede, Britta and Richter, Birte}}, booktitle = {{INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION}}, pages = {{166--170}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Enabling Non-Technical Domain Experts to Create Robot-Assisted Therapeutic Scenarios via Visual Programming}}}, doi = {{10.1145/3536220.3558072}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{46582, abstract = {{Metadata are a very broad and extremely differentiated subject and ranges from rudimentary catalog data to deeply indexed scientific catalogs (e.g., catalogs of works). In this paper, the concept of metadata in the context of MEI is first examined, before two examples are used to show that metadata are more than just rudimentary descriptions. These examples are also intended to illustrate the extent to which metadata are encoded in the field of music philology and thus represent an attempt to create a little more awareness for the work of the Metadata and Cataloging Interest Group of MEI. The examples deal on the one hand with the encoding of performance resources and on the other hand with watermarks. In both cases, the possibilities of metadata encoding with MEI version 4 are exhausted and it is discussed which steps are useful and necessary to create an even deeper, machine-readable structure so that these sub-fields of the MEI metadata can also be used for larger scientific purposes such as analyses.}}, author = {{Ried, Dennis and Gubsch, Clemens}}, editor = {{Münnich, Stefan and Rizo, David}}, location = {{University of Alicante}}, title = {{{METAdata and metaDATA}}}, doi = {{10.17613/50T9-Z881}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{29724, abstract = {{ In many manufacturing areas, multi-material designs are implemented in which individual components are joined together to form complex structures with numerous joints. For example, in the automotive sector, cast components are used at the junctions of the body and joined with different types of sheet metal and extruded profiles. To be able to join structures consisting of different materials, alternative joining technologies have emerged in recent years. This includes clinching, which allows assembling of two or more thin sheet metal and casting parts by solely cold forming the material. Clinching the brittle and usually less ductile cast aluminium alloys remains a challenge because the brittle character of the cast aluminium alloys can cause cracks during the forming of the clinched joint. In this study, the influence of the heat treatment time of an aluminium casting alloy AlSi9 on the joinability in the clinching process is investigated. Specific heat treatment of the naturally hard AlSi9 leads to a modification of the eutectic microstructure, which can increase ductility. Based on this, it will be examined if specific clinching die geometries can be used, which achieve an optimized geometrical formation of the clinched joint. The load-bearing capacities of the clinched joints are determined and compared by shear tensile and head tensile tests. Furthermore, the joints are examined microscopically to investigate the influence of the heat treatment on the failure behaviour during the load-bearing tests as well as crack initiation within the joining process. }}, author = {{Neuser, Moritz and Böhnke, Max and Grydin, Olexandr and Bobbert, Mathias and Schaper, Mirko and Meschut, Gerson}}, issn = {{1464-4207}}, journal = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science}}, publisher = {{SAGE Publications}}, title = {{{Influence of heat treatment on the suitability for clinching of the aluminium casting alloy AlSi9}}}, doi = {{10.1177/14644207221075838}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{29505, abstract = {{In modern vehicle chassis, multi-material design is implemented to apply the appropriate material for each functionality. In spaceframe technology, both sheet metal and continuous cast are joined to castings at the nodal points of the chassis. Since resistance spot welding is not an option when different materials are joined, research is focusing on mechanical joining methods for multi-material designs. To reduce weight and achieve the required strength, hardenable cast aluminium alloys of the AlSi-system are widely used. Thus, 85–90% of aluminium castings in the automotive industry are comprised of the AlSi-system. Due to the limited weldability, mechanical joining is a suitable process. For this application, various optimisation strategies are required to produce a crack-free joint, as the brittle character of the AlSi alloy poses a challenge. Thus, adapted castings with appropriate ductility are needed. Hence, in this study, the age-hardenable cast aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg is investigated regarding the correlation of the different thicknesses, the microstructural characteristics as well as the resulting mechanical properties. A variation of the thicknesses leads to different solidification rates, which in turn affect the microstructure formation and are decisive for the mechanical properties of the casting as well as the joinability. For the investigation, plates with thicknesses from 2.0 to 4.0 mm, each differing by 0.5 mm, are produced via sand casting. Hence, the overall aim is to evaluate the joinability of AlSi10Mg and derive conclusions concerning the microstructure and mechanical properties.}}, author = {{Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Frolov, Y. and Schaper, Mirko}}, issn = {{0944-6524}}, journal = {{Production Engineering}}, keywords = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Influence of solidification rates and heat treatment on the mechanical performance and joinability of the cast aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s11740-022-01106-1}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inbook{29771, author = {{Grydin, Olexandr and Mortensen, Dag and Neuser, Moritz and Lindholm, Dag and Fjaer, Hallvard G. and Schaper, Mirko}}, booktitle = {{Light Metals 2022}}, isbn = {{9783030925284}}, issn = {{2367-1181}}, publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, title = {{{Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in the Solidification-Deformation Zone During Twin-Roll Casting of Aluminum Strips}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_96}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{34215, abstract = {{Clinching as a mechanical joining technique allows a fast and reliable joining of metal sheets in large-scale production. An efficient design and dimensioning of clinched joints requires a holistic understanding of the material, the joining process and the resulting properties of the joint. In this paper, the process chain for clinching metal sheets is described and experimental techniques are proposed to analyze the process-microstructure-property relationships from the sheet metal to the joined structure. At the example of clinching aluminum EN AW 6014, characterization methods are applied and discussed for the following characteristics: the mechanical properties of the sheet materials, the tribological behavior in the joining system, the joining process and the resulting material structure, the load-bearing behavior of the joint, the damage and degradation as well as the service life and crack growth behavior. The compilation of the characterization methods gives an overview on the advantages and weaknesses of the methods and the multiple interactions of material, process and properties during clinching. In addition, the results of the analyses on EN AW 6014 can be applied for parameterization and validation of simulations.}}, author = {{Kupfer, Robert and Köhler, Daniel and Römisch, David and Wituschek, Simon and Ewenz, Lars and Kalich, Jan and Weiß, Deborah and Sadeghian, Behdad and Busch, Matthias and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Neuser, Moritz and Grydin, Olexandr and Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Troschitz, Juliane}}, issn = {{2666-3309}}, journal = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Engineering (miscellaneous), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Clinching of Aluminum Materials – Methods for the Continuous Characterization of Process, Microstructure and Properties}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2022.100108}}, volume = {{5}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{54849, abstract = {{The third‐order susceptibility of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is calculated within a Berry‐phase formulation of the dynamical polarization based on the electronic structure obtained within density‐functional theory (DFT). Maximum values of the order of  m V are calculated for photon energies between 1.2 and 2 eV, i.e., in the lower half of the optical bandgap of lithium niobate. Both free and bound electron (bi)polarons are found to lead to a remarkable enhancement of the third‐order susceptibility for photon energies below 1 eV.}}, author = {{Kozub, Agnieszka L. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}}, issn = {{0370-1972}}, journal = {{physica status solidi (b)}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Third‐Order Susceptibility of Lithium Niobate: Influence of Polarons and Bipolarons}}}, doi = {{10.1002/pssb.202200453}}, volume = {{260}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{28413, abstract = {{Optical traveling wave antennas offer unique opportunities to control and selectively guide light into a specific direction, which renders them excellent candidates for optical communication and sensing. These applications require state-of-the-art engineering to reach optimized functionalities such as high directivity and radiation efficiency, low sidelobe levels, broadband and tunable capabilities, and compact design. In this work, we report on the numerical optimization of the directivity of optical traveling wave antennas made from low-loss dielectric materials using full-wave numerical simulations in conjunction with the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The antennas are composed of a reflector and a director deposited on a glass substrate, and an emitter placed in the feed gap between them serves as an internal source of excitation. In particular, we analyze antennas with rectangular- and horn-shaped directors made of either hafnium dioxide or silicon. The optimized antennas produce highly directional emissions due to the presence of two dominant guided TE modes in the director in addition to leaky modes. These guided modes dominate the far-field emission pattern and govern the direction of the main lobe emission, which predominately originates from the end facet of the director. Our work also provides a comprehensive analysis of the modes, radiation patterns, parametric influences, and bandwidths of the antennas, which highlights their robust nature.}}, author = {{Farheen, Henna and Leuteritz, Till and Linden, Stefan and Myroshnychenko, Viktor and Förstner, Jens}}, issn = {{0740-3224}}, journal = {{Journal of the Optical Society of America B}}, keywords = {{tet_topic_opticalantenna}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{83}}, title = {{{Optimization of optical waveguide antennas for directive emission of light}}}, doi = {{10.1364/josab.438514}}, volume = {{39}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{29075, abstract = {{We study a double-scattering coherent mechanism of negative polarization (NP) near opposition that is observed for powder-like surfaces. The problem is solved numerically for absorbing structures with irregular constituents, cubes, spheres, and ellipsoids larger than the wavelength of incident light. Our simulations show that double scattering between two random irregular particles shows weak NP. Adding one more particle significantly increases the relative contribution of double scattering which enhances NP. Simulations with regular shapes and controlled geometric parameters show that the interference mechanism is sensitive to the geometry of the scattering system and can also result in no polarization or even strong enhancement of positive polarization at backscattering.}}, author = {{Alhaddad, Samer and Grynko, Yevgen and Farheen, Henna and Förstner, Jens}}, issn = {{0146-9592}}, journal = {{Optics Letters}}, keywords = {{tet_topic_scattering}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{58}}, title = {{{Numerical analysis of the coherent mechanism producing negative polarization at backscattering from systems of absorbing particles}}}, doi = {{10.1364/ol.444953}}, volume = {{47}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{31329, abstract = {{Highly directive antennas with the ability of shaping radiation patterns in desired directions are essential for efficient on-chip optical communication with reduced cross talk. In this paper, we design and optimize three distinct broadband traveling-wave tantalum pentoxide antennas exhibiting highly directional characteristics. Our antennas contain a director and reflector deposited on a glass substrate, which are excited by a dipole emitter placed in the feed gap between the two elements. Full-wave simulations in conjunction with global optimization provide structures with an enhanced linear directivity as high as 119 radiating in the substrate. The high directivity is a result of the interplay between two dominant TE modes and the leaky modes present in the antenna director. Furthermore, these low-loss dielectric antennas exhibit a near-unity radiation efficiency at the operational wavelength of 780 nm and maintain a broad bandwidth. Our numerical results are in good agreement with experimental measurements from the optimized antennas fabricated using a two-step electron-beam lithography, revealing the highly directive nature of our structures. We envision that our antenna designs can be conveniently adapted to other dielectric materials and prove instrumental for inter-chip optical communications and other on-chip applications.}}, author = {{Farheen, Henna and Yan, Lok-Yee and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Zentgraf, Thomas and Linden, Stefan and Förstner, Jens and Myroshnychenko, Viktor}}, issn = {{1094-4087}}, journal = {{Optics Express}}, keywords = {{tet_topic_opticalantenna}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{19288}}, publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}}, title = {{{Broadband optical Ta2O5 antennas for directional emission of light}}}, doi = {{10.1364/oe.455815}}, volume = {{30}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{55337, abstract = {{As AI is more and more pervasive in everyday life, humans have an increasing demand to understand its behavior and decisions. Most research on explainable AI builds on the premise that there is one ideal explanation to be found. In fact, however, everyday explanations are co-constructed in a dialogue between the person explaining (the explainer) and the specific person being explained to (the explainee). In this paper, we introduce a first corpus of dialogical explanations to enable NLP research on how humans explain as well as on how AI can learn to imitate this process. The corpus consists of 65 transcribed English dialogues from the Wired video series 5 Levels, explaining 13 topics to five explainees of different proficiency. All 1550 dialogue turns have been manually labeled by five independent professionals for the topic discussed as well as for the dialogue act and the explanation move performed. We analyze linguistic patterns of explainers and explainees, and we explore differences across proficiency levels. BERT-based baseline results indicate that sequence information helps predicting topics, acts, and moves effectively.}}, author = {{Wachsmuth, Henning and Alshomary, Milad}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics}}, editor = {{Calzolari, Nicoletta and Huang, Chu-Ren and Kim, Hansaem and Pustejovsky, James and Wanner, Leo and Choi, Key-Sun and Ryu, Pum-Mo and Chen, Hsin-Hsi and Donatelli, Lucia and Ji, Heng and Kurohashi, Sadao and Paggio, Patrizia and Xue, Nianwen and Kim, Seokhwan and Hahm, Younggyun and He, Zhong and Lee, Tony Kyungil and Santus, Enrico and Bond, Francis and Na, Seung-Hoon}}, pages = {{344–354}}, publisher = {{International Committee on Computational Linguistics}}, title = {{{“Mama Always Had a Way of Explaining Things So I Could Understand”: A Dialogue Corpus for Learning to Construct Explanations}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{34067, author = {{Sengupta, Meghdut and Alshomary, Milad and Wachsmuth, Henning}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2022 Workshop on Figurative Language Processing}}, title = {{{Back to the Roots: Predicting the Source Domain of Metaphors using Contrastive Learning}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{34264, abstract = {{In industrial x-ray computed tomography (CT), the application of more complex scan paths in comparison to the typical circular trajectory (${360}^{\circ}$ rotation of the measurement object) can extend the potential of CT. One way to enable such 3D scan trajectories is to use a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) object manipulator system. In our case, a hexapod is mounted on top of the rotary table of a commercial CT scanner. This allows for adaptive tilting of the measurement object during the scan. For high accuracy, the geometry calibration of such setups is typically done using the x-ray projections of a calibrated multi-sphere object. Contrary to this, here, we demonstrate a procedure that is based on only a single sphere and can therefore experimentally be implemented with low effort. Using the intrinsic geometry parameters of the CT device as prior information, the hexapod coordinate system with respect to the CT machine coordinate system is determined by means of a one-step optimization approach. The resulting parameters are used to calculate projection matrices that enable the volume reconstruction for 3D scan trajectories. The method is validated using simulated x-ray images and experimental investigations including dimensional measurements. For the used setup, geometric measurement results for 3D scan trajectories that are calibrated with the presented method show in sum increased errors compared to the circular scans. A limited pose accuracy of the manipulator system is discussed as a potential cause. The results nevertheless indicate that the presented method is generally feasible for dimensional CT measurements provided that the pose accuracy is sufficient. The calibration procedure can therefore be a low-cost and easier to implement alternative compared to trajectory calibration methods based on multi-sphere objects, but with a tendency towards lower measurement accuracy. The methodology can in principle be transferred to different setups with 6-DOF manipulator systems, e.g. C-arm CT devices with a robot arm.}}, author = {{Butzhammer, Lorenz and Müller, Andreas Michael and Hausotte, Tino}}, issn = {{0957-0233}}, journal = {{Measurement Science and Technology}}, keywords = {{Applied Mathematics, Instrumentation, Engineering (miscellaneous)}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{IOP Publishing}}, title = {{{Calibration of 3D scan trajectories for an industrial computed tomography setup with 6-DOF object manipulator system using a single sphere}}}, doi = {{10.1088/1361-6501/ac9856}}, volume = {{34}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{33002, abstract = {{Many mechanical material properties show a dependence on the strain rate, e.g. yield stress or elongation at fracture. The quantitative description of the material behavior under dynamic loading is of major importance for the evaluation of crash safety. This is carried out using numerical methods and requires characteristic values for the materials used. For the standardized determination of dynamic characteristic values in sheet metal materials, tensile tests performed according to the guideline from [1]. A particular challenge in dynamic tensile tests is the force measurement during the test. For this purpose, strain gauges are attached on each specimen, wired to the measuring equipment and calibrated. This is a common way to determine a force signal that is as low in vibration and as free of bending moments as possible. The preparation effort for the used strain gauges are enormous. For these reasons, an optical method to determine the force by strain measurement using DIC is presented. The experiments are carried out on a high speed tensile testing system. In combioantion with a 3D DIC high speed system for optical strain measurement. The elastic deformation of the specimen in the dynamometric section is measured using strain gauges and the optical method. The measured signals are then compared to validate the presented method. The investigations are conducted using the dual phase steel material HCT590X and the aluminum material EN AW-6014 T4. Strain rates of up to 240 s-1 are investigated.}}, author = {{Böhnke, Max and Unruh, Eduard and Sell, Stanislaw and Bobbert, Mathias and Hein, David and Meschut, Gerson}}, issn = {{1662-9795}}, journal = {{Key Engineering Materials}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science}}, location = {{Braga, Portugal}}, pages = {{1564--1572}}, publisher = {{Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.}}, title = {{{Functionality Study of an Optical Measurement Concept for Local Force Signal Determination in High Strain Rate Tensile Tests}}}, doi = {{10.4028/p-wpuzyw}}, volume = {{926}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inbook{33003, author = {{Böhnke, Max and Bielak, Christian Roman and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}}, booktitle = {{The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series}}, isbn = {{9783031062117}}, issn = {{2367-1181}}, location = {{Toronto, Kanada}}, publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, title = {{{Development of a Modified Punch Test for Investigating the Failure Behavior in Sheet Metal Materials}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_52}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{41164, abstract = {{Companies show an increasing interest in low-code development platforms to facilitate application development by domain experts without sophisticated software development knowledge. Thus, companies aim for a more efficient development of more effective applications since domain experts as so-called citizen developers are no longer limited by the availability and domain knowledge of trained software developers. Nevertheless, efficiency and effectiveness of application development is traditionally also largely influenced by the use of a suitable software development method. Domain experts are, however, not trained in software development methods. This introduces a risk of domain experts creating unusable applications or exceeding the designated time frame of a project (or both). In this paper, we therefore propose an initial version of a situational software development method which supports domain experts in manufacturing companies during the low-code development of applications. The method can be tailored based on situational factors, considering application requirements, features of the used low-code development platform, and characteristics of the development team. We also present feedback corroborating the usefulness of our method and future extension points based on expert interviews.}}, author = {{Kirchhoff, Jonas and Weidmann, Nils and Sauer, Stefan and Engels, Gregor}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Situational Development of Low-Code Applications in Manufacturing Companies}}}, doi = {{10.1145/3550356.3561560}}, year = {{2022}}, }