[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"user_id":"37953","_id":"64109","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>We study the effect of education on health (hospital stays, number of diagnosed conditions, poor or bad self-rated health, and body mass index) over the life cycle, using German compulsory schooling reforms as a source of exogenous variation. Our results show clear correlations between educational attainment and better health across all age groups (30 to 74). However, we do not find causal relationships between additional schooling and health or health care utilization, neither earlier nor later in life. A simulated ex-post power analysis shows that this is not due to a lack of statistical power. One reason for the absence of effects may be that the studied compulsory schooling reforms succeeded in raising the educational attainment of the target group - individuals at the lowest educational margin - but did not lead to healthier employment opportunities.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"The European Journal of Health Economics","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2","title":"Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling","author":[{"id":"94632","full_name":"Hollenbach, Johannes","orcid":"0009-0006-2008-0564","last_name":"Hollenbach","first_name":"Johannes"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879","last_name":"Schmitz"},{"first_name":"Beatrice Baaba","last_name":"Tawiah","full_name":"Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba"}],"date_created":"2026-02-11T09:26:04Z","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_updated":"2026-02-11T09:27:18Z","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Hollenbach_Schmitz_Tawiah_2026, title={Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2\">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>}, journal={The European Journal of Health Economics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Hollenbach, Johannes and Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2026} }","mla":"Hollenbach, Johannes, et al. “Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling.” <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2\">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>.","short":"J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, B.B. Tawiah, The European Journal of Health Economics (2026).","apa":"Hollenbach, J., Schmitz, H., &#38; Tawiah, B. B. (2026). Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling. <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>","ama":"Hollenbach J, Schmitz H, Tawiah BB. Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling. <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2\">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>","chicago":"Hollenbach, Johannes, Hendrik Schmitz, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. “Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling.” <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>.","ieee":"J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, and B. B. Tawiah, “Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling,” <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2\">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>."},"year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1618-7598","1618-7601"]},"publication_status":"published"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"The Economic Journal","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>We study how gene-environment interactions between education and genetic endowments affect cognition in old age and use this setting to show that – even with a valid instrument – two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimates of interaction effects can be far away from the true effect. This is the case when treatment effects are heterogeneous and compliance to the instrument depends on the interaction variable. We suggest estimating marginal treatment effects to address this problem. Our estimation results show complementarities between education and genetic predisposition in determining later-life memory. The marginal treatment effect estimates suggest substantially larger gene-environment interactions than the 2SLS estimates.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","_id":"64108","user_id":"37953","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"article_number":"ueag010","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0013-0133","1468-0297"]},"year":"2026","citation":{"ieee":"J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, and M. Westphal, “Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity,” <i>The Economic Journal</i>, Art. no. ueag010, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010\">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>.","chicago":"Hollenbach, Johannes, Hendrik Schmitz, and Matthias Westphal. “Gene-Environment Interactions with Essential Heterogeneity.” <i>The Economic Journal</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010\">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>.","ama":"Hollenbach J, Schmitz H, Westphal M. Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity. <i>The Economic Journal</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010\">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>","apa":"Hollenbach, J., Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2026). Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity. <i>The Economic Journal</i>, Article ueag010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010\">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>","short":"J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, The Economic Journal (2026).","mla":"Hollenbach, Johannes, et al. “Gene-Environment Interactions with Essential Heterogeneity.” <i>The Economic Journal</i>, ueag010, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010\">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Hollenbach_Schmitz_Westphal_2026, title={Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010\">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>}, number={ueag010}, journal={The Economic Journal}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hollenbach, Johannes and Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2026} }"},"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","date_updated":"2026-02-11T09:23:15Z","date_created":"2026-02-11T09:20:49Z","author":[{"first_name":"Johannes","id":"94632","full_name":"Hollenbach, Johannes","orcid":"0009-0006-2008-0564","last_name":"Hollenbach"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879","last_name":"Schmitz"},{"last_name":"Westphal","full_name":"Westphal, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias"}],"title":"Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity","doi":"10.1093/ej/ueag010"},{"language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"user_id":"37953","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"publication_date":"2026-01-26","_id":"64154","status":"public","type":"newspaper_article","publication":"Wirtschaftspsychologie heute","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.wirtschaftspsychologie-heute.de/bildung-in-der-jugend-haelt-das-gehirn-jung/"}],"title":"Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung","author":[{"first_name":"Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879"},{"full_name":"Matthias, Westphal","last_name":"Matthias","first_name":"Westphal"}],"date_created":"2026-02-13T10:51:32Z","date_updated":"2026-02-24T08:01:24Z","citation":{"ama":"Schmitz H, Matthias W. Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung. <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>. 2026.","apa":"Schmitz, H., &#38; Matthias, W. (2026). Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung. <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>.","short":"H. Schmitz, W. Matthias, Wirtschaftspsychologie heute (2026).","mla":"Schmitz, Hendrik, and Westphal Matthias. “Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung.” <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>, 2026.","bibtex":"@article{Schmitz_Matthias_2026, title={Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung}, journal={Wirtschaftspsychologie heute}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Matthias, Westphal}, year={2026} }","chicago":"Schmitz, Hendrik, and Westphal Matthias. “Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung.” <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>, 2026.","ieee":"H. Schmitz and W. Matthias, “Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung,” <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>, 2026."},"year":"2026","publication_status":"published"},{"publisher":"Wiley","date_created":"2025-04-04T10:41:30Z","title":"The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID","issue":"4","year":"2025","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Health Economics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID in Germany in a sample of individuals above the age of 60. In ordinary least squares regressions, we find that, in this age group, one more year of education goes along with a 0.7 percentage point increase in the likelihood to get a COVID vaccination. In two stage least squares regressions where changes in compulsory schooling laws are used as exogenous variation for education, the effect of an additional year of education is estimated to be zero. The results hold for the compliers to the policy change which are older individuals at the lowest margin of education.</jats:p>"}],"date_updated":"2025-04-04T10:44:20Z","volume":34,"author":[{"full_name":"Monsees, Daniel","last_name":"Monsees","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","id":"48879","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz"}],"doi":"10.1002/hec.4929","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        34","page":"643-654","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Monsees_Schmitz_2025, title={The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID}, volume={34}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929\">10.1002/hec.4929</a>}, number={4}, journal={Health Economics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Monsees, Daniel and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2025}, pages={643–654} }","mla":"Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. “The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID.” <i>Health Economics</i>, vol. 34, no. 4, Wiley, 2025, pp. 643–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929\">10.1002/hec.4929</a>.","short":"D. Monsees, H. Schmitz, Health Economics 34 (2025) 643–654.","apa":"Monsees, D., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2025). The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID. <i>Health Economics</i>, <i>34</i>(4), 643–654. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929\">https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929</a>","chicago":"Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. “The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID.” <i>Health Economics</i> 34, no. 4 (2025): 643–54. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929\">https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929</a>.","ieee":"D. Monsees and H. Schmitz, “The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID,” <i>Health Economics</i>, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 643–654, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929\">10.1002/hec.4929</a>.","ama":"Monsees D, Schmitz H. The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID. <i>Health Economics</i>. 2025;34(4):643-654. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929\">10.1002/hec.4929</a>"},"_id":"59345","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"user_id":"37953","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Research Policy","status":"public","_id":"61533","user_id":"950","department":[{"_id":"200"},{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"article_number":"105333","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0048-7333"]},"issue":"10","year":"2025","citation":{"ama":"Balsmeier B, Lück S, Fleming L. Science knowledge localizes. <i>Research Policy</i>. 2025;54(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333\">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>","chicago":"Balsmeier, B., Sonja Lück, and L. Fleming. “Science Knowledge Localizes.” <i>Research Policy</i> 54, no. 10 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>.","ieee":"B. Balsmeier, S. Lück, and L. Fleming, “Science knowledge localizes,” <i>Research Policy</i>, vol. 54, no. 10, Art. no. 105333, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333\">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>.","apa":"Balsmeier, B., Lück, S., &#38; Fleming, L. (2025). Science knowledge localizes. <i>Research Policy</i>, <i>54</i>(10), Article 105333. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>","bibtex":"@article{Balsmeier_Lück_Fleming_2025, title={Science knowledge localizes}, volume={54}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333\">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>}, number={10105333}, journal={Research Policy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Balsmeier, B. and Lück, Sonja and Fleming, L.}, year={2025} }","mla":"Balsmeier, B., et al. “Science Knowledge Localizes.” <i>Research Policy</i>, vol. 54, no. 10, 105333, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333\">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>.","short":"B. Balsmeier, S. Lück, L. Fleming, Research Policy 54 (2025)."},"intvolume":"        54","date_updated":"2025-10-07T09:26:00Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_created":"2025-10-07T09:23:58Z","author":[{"first_name":"B.","full_name":"Balsmeier, B.","last_name":"Balsmeier"},{"first_name":"Sonja","orcid":"0000-0003-0380-1965","last_name":"Lück","id":"950","full_name":"Lück, Sonja"},{"last_name":"Fleming","full_name":"Fleming, L.","first_name":"L."}],"volume":54,"title":"Science knowledge localizes","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0165-1765"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       257","citation":{"chicago":"Mayrhofer, Thomas, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Prudence and Prevention – Empirical Evidence.” <i>Economics Letters</i> 257 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>.","ieee":"T. Mayrhofer and H. Schmitz, “Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence,” <i>Economics Letters</i>, vol. 257, Art. no. 112671, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671\">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>.","ama":"Mayrhofer T, Schmitz H. Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence. <i>Economics Letters</i>. 2025;257. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671\">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>","apa":"Mayrhofer, T., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2025). Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence. <i>Economics Letters</i>, <i>257</i>, Article 112671. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>","short":"T. Mayrhofer, H. Schmitz, Economics Letters 257 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Mayrhofer_Schmitz_2025, title={Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence}, volume={257}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671\">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>}, number={112671}, journal={Economics Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mayrhofer, Thomas and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2025} }","mla":"Mayrhofer, Thomas, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Prudence and Prevention – Empirical Evidence.” <i>Economics Letters</i>, vol. 257, 112671, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671\">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>."},"year":"2025","volume":257,"author":[{"full_name":"Mayrhofer, Thomas","last_name":"Mayrhofer","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","id":"48879","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz"}],"date_created":"2025-10-30T08:31:54Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_updated":"2025-10-30T09:06:38Z","doi":"10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671","title":"Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence","publication":"Economics Letters","type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"281"}],"user_id":"37953","_id":"62017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"112671"},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1750-6816","1750-6824"]},"issue":"1","year":"2024","citation":{"mla":"Dannenberg, Astrid, et al. “The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior.” <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>, vol. 18, no. 1, University of Chicago Press, 2024, pp. 165–87, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/727588\">10.1086/727588</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Dannenberg_Gutsche_Batzke_Christens_Engler_Mankat_Möller_Weingärtner_Ernst_Lumkowsky_et al._2024, title={The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior}, volume={18}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/727588\">10.1086/727588</a>}, number={1}, journal={Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Dannenberg, Astrid and Gutsche, Gunnar and Batzke, Marlene C. L. and Christens, Sven and Engler, Daniel and Mankat, Fabian and Möller, Sophia and Weingärtner, Eva and Ernst, Andreas and Lumkowsky, Marcel and et al.}, year={2024}, pages={165–187} }","short":"A. Dannenberg, G. Gutsche, M.C.L. Batzke, S. Christens, D. Engler, F. Mankat, S. Möller, E. Weingärtner, A. Ernst, M. Lumkowsky, G. von Wangenheim, G. Hornung, A. Ziegler, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 18 (2024) 165–187.","apa":"Dannenberg, A., Gutsche, G., Batzke, M. C. L., Christens, S., Engler, D., Mankat, F., Möller, S., Weingärtner, E., Ernst, A., Lumkowsky, M., von Wangenheim, G., Hornung, G., &#38; Ziegler, A. (2024). The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior. <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>, <i>18</i>(1), 165–187. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/727588\">https://doi.org/10.1086/727588</a>","ieee":"A. Dannenberg <i>et al.</i>, “The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior,” <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 165–187, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/727588\">10.1086/727588</a>.","chicago":"Dannenberg, Astrid, Gunnar Gutsche, Marlene C. L. Batzke, Sven Christens, Daniel Engler, Fabian Mankat, Sophia Möller, et al. “The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior.” <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i> 18, no. 1 (2024): 165–87. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/727588\">https://doi.org/10.1086/727588</a>.","ama":"Dannenberg A, Gutsche G, Batzke MCL, et al. The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior. <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>. 2024;18(1):165-187. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/727588\">10.1086/727588</a>"},"page":"165-187","intvolume":"        18","date_updated":"2025-01-17T08:22:50Z","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","date_created":"2025-01-14T09:40:38Z","author":[{"last_name":"Dannenberg","full_name":"Dannenberg, Astrid","first_name":"Astrid"},{"last_name":"Gutsche","full_name":"Gutsche, Gunnar","id":"113411","first_name":"Gunnar"},{"first_name":"Marlene C. L.","full_name":"Batzke, Marlene C. L.","last_name":"Batzke"},{"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Christens","full_name":"Christens, Sven"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Engler, Daniel","last_name":"Engler"},{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Mankat","full_name":"Mankat, Fabian"},{"last_name":"Möller","full_name":"Möller, Sophia","first_name":"Sophia"},{"first_name":"Eva","last_name":"Weingärtner","full_name":"Weingärtner, Eva"},{"full_name":"Ernst, Andreas","last_name":"Ernst","first_name":"Andreas"},{"last_name":"Lumkowsky","full_name":"Lumkowsky, Marcel","first_name":"Marcel"},{"last_name":"von Wangenheim","full_name":"von Wangenheim, Georg","first_name":"Georg"},{"full_name":"Hornung, Gerrit","last_name":"Hornung","first_name":"Gerrit"},{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Ziegler","full_name":"Ziegler, Andreas"}],"volume":18,"title":"The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior","doi":"10.1086/727588","type":"journal_article","publication":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","status":"public","_id":"58177","user_id":"37953","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination is a highly effective method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate severe disease. In Germany, adult vaccination rates are relatively high at 85.5%, but rates are significantly lower for adolescents (69.6%) and children (20.0%). This discrepancy indicates that not all vaccinated parents choose to vaccinate their children. Analyzing data from a January 2022 online survey of 1,819 parents with children and adolescents, we explore the socio-economic factors influencing parents’ willingness to vaccinate themselves and their children. Our results show that individuals who vote for either side of the political extremes are less likely to vaccinate their children. This pattern is particularly strong for voters on the far right. In addition, we find that better educated parents are more likely to vaccinate both themselves and their children. Parents who vaccinate both themselves and their children demonstrate greater confidence in the vaccine’s effectiveness, while those who vaccinate only themselves are often motivated by a desire to regain personal freedoms. These insights highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to address specific concerns and improve vaccination rates among children and adolescents.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Scientific Reports","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"24194","user_id":"37953","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"_id":"59347","citation":{"ama":"Hörnig L, Schaffner S, Schmitz H. The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2024;14(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8\">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>","ieee":"L. Hörnig, S. Schaffner, and H. Schmitz, “The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, Art. no. 24194, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8\">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>.","chicago":"Hörnig, Lukas, Sandra Schaffner, and Hendrik Schmitz. “The Individual and Ecological Characteristics of Parental COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions.” <i>Scientific Reports</i> 14, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>.","short":"L. Hörnig, S. Schaffner, H. Schmitz, Scientific Reports 14 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Hörnig_Schaffner_Schmitz_2024, title={The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8\">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>}, number={124194}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Hörnig, Lukas and Schaffner, Sandra and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2024} }","mla":"Hörnig, Lukas, et al. “The Individual and Ecological Characteristics of Parental COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, 24194, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8\">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>.","apa":"Hörnig, L., Schaffner, S., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2024). The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <i>14</i>(1), Article 24194. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>"},"intvolume":"        14","year":"2024","issue":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2045-2322"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8","title":"The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions","date_created":"2025-04-04T10:47:50Z","author":[{"last_name":"Hörnig","full_name":"Hörnig, Lukas","first_name":"Lukas"},{"first_name":"Sandra","full_name":"Schaffner, Sandra","last_name":"Schaffner"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879","last_name":"Schmitz"}],"volume":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_updated":"2025-04-04T10:48:45Z"},{"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Vaccination willingness against COVID-19 is generally perceived as low. Moreover, there is large heterogeneity across and within countries. As a whole, Germany has average vaccination rates compared to other industrialized countries. However, vaccination rates in the 16 different German federal states differ by more than 20 percentage points. We describe variation in vaccination rates on the level of the 400 German counties using data on all vaccinations carried out until December 2022. Around 52-72% of that variation can be explained by regional differences in demographic characteristics, housing, education and political party preferences. We find indications that the remaining part may be due to differences in soft factors such as risk aversion, trust in the German government, trust in science, and beliefs in conspiracy theories regarding the origins of the Corona virus. We conclude that improving the trust in science and the fight against conspiracy theories may possibly be effective tools to improve vaccination rates and effectively fight pandemics.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"PLOS ONE","type":"journal_article","article_number":"e0296976","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59346","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"user_id":"37953","year":"2024","intvolume":"        19","citation":{"short":"V. Bade, H. Schmitz, B.B. Tawiah, PLOS ONE 19 (2024).","mla":"Bade, Verena, et al. “Regional Variations in Vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany.” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 19, no. 4, e0296976, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976\">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Bade_Schmitz_Tawiah_2024, title={Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976\">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>}, number={4e0296976}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Bade, Verena and Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2024} }","apa":"Bade, V., Schmitz, H., &#38; Tawiah, B. B. (2024). Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany. <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <i>19</i>(4), Article e0296976. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>","ama":"Bade V, Schmitz H, Tawiah BB. Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. 2024;19(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976\">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>","chicago":"Bade, Verena, Hendrik Schmitz, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. “Regional Variations in Vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany.” <i>PLOS ONE</i> 19, no. 4 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>.","ieee":"V. Bade, H. Schmitz, and B. B. Tawiah, “Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany,” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 19, no. 4, Art. no. e0296976, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976\">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1932-6203"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"4","title":"Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0296976","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","date_updated":"2025-04-11T06:00:09Z","volume":19,"author":[{"last_name":"Bade","id":"3206","full_name":"Bade, Verena","first_name":"Verena"},{"full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879","last_name":"Schmitz","first_name":"Hendrik"},{"first_name":"Beatrice Baaba","full_name":"Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba","last_name":"Tawiah"}],"date_created":"2025-04-04T10:44:50Z"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Energy Economics","status":"public","user_id":"37953","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"_id":"60005","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"108103","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0140-9883"]},"citation":{"ama":"Engler D, Gutsche G, Simixhiu A, Ziegler A. Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany. <i>Energy Economics</i>. 2024;142. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103\">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>","ieee":"D. Engler, G. Gutsche, A. Simixhiu, and A. Ziegler, “Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany,” <i>Energy Economics</i>, vol. 142, Art. no. 108103, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103\">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>.","chicago":"Engler, Daniel, Gunnar Gutsche, Amantia Simixhiu, and Andreas Ziegler. “Social Norms and Individual Climate Protection Activities: A Survey Experiment for Germany.” <i>Energy Economics</i> 142 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>.","apa":"Engler, D., Gutsche, G., Simixhiu, A., &#38; Ziegler, A. (2024). Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany. <i>Energy Economics</i>, <i>142</i>, Article 108103. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>","mla":"Engler, Daniel, et al. “Social Norms and Individual Climate Protection Activities: A Survey Experiment for Germany.” <i>Energy Economics</i>, vol. 142, 108103, Elsevier BV, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103\">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>.","short":"D. Engler, G. Gutsche, A. Simixhiu, A. Ziegler, Energy Economics 142 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Engler_Gutsche_Simixhiu_Ziegler_2024, title={Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany}, volume={142}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103\">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>}, number={108103}, journal={Energy Economics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Engler, Daniel and Gutsche, Gunnar and Simixhiu, Amantia and Ziegler, Andreas}, year={2024} }"},"intvolume":"       142","year":"2024","date_created":"2025-05-21T10:11:41Z","author":[{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Engler, Daniel","last_name":"Engler"},{"first_name":"Gunnar","id":"113411","full_name":"Gutsche, Gunnar","last_name":"Gutsche"},{"full_name":"Simixhiu, Amantia","last_name":"Simixhiu","first_name":"Amantia"},{"full_name":"Ziegler, Andreas","last_name":"Ziegler","first_name":"Andreas"}],"volume":142,"date_updated":"2025-05-21T10:13:48Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103","title":"Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Individual cognitive functioning declines over time. We seek to understand how adverse physical health shocks in older ages contribute to this development. By use of event-study methods and data from the USA, England, and several countries in Continental Europe, we find evidence that health shocks lead to an immediate and persistent decline in cognitive functioning. This robust finding holds in all regions representing different health insurance systems and seems to be independent of underlying individual demographic characteristics such as sex and age. We also ask whether variables that are susceptible to policy action can reduce the negative consequences of a health shock. Our results suggest that neither compulsory education nor retirement regulations moderate the effects, thus emphasizing the importance for cognitive functioning of maintaining good physical health in old age."}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"European Economic Review","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"35637","user_id":"53779","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Schiele V, Schmitz H. Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks. <i>European Economic Review</i>. 2023;151. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>","ieee":"V. Schiele and H. Schmitz, “Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks,” <i>European Economic Review</i>, vol. 151, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>.","chicago":"Schiele, Valentin, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Understanding Cognitive Decline in Older Ages: The Role of Health Shocks.” <i>European Economic Review</i> 151 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>.","mla":"Schiele, Valentin, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Understanding Cognitive Decline in Older Ages: The Role of Health Shocks.” <i>European Economic Review</i>, vol. 151, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schiele_Schmitz_2023, title={Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks}, volume={151}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>}, journal={European Economic Review}, author={Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2023} }","short":"V. Schiele, H. Schmitz, European Economic Review 151 (2023).","apa":"Schiele, V., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2023). Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks. <i>European Economic Review</i>, <i>151</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>"},"intvolume":"       151","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014292122002008"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320","date_updated":"2023-01-10T08:04:10Z","date_created":"2023-01-10T07:52:03Z","author":[{"last_name":"Schiele","id":"53779","full_name":"Schiele, Valentin","first_name":"Valentin"},{"id":"48879","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz","first_name":"Hendrik"}],"volume":151},{"_id":"42638","department":[{"_id":"200"},{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"user_id":"950","keyword":["Management","Monitoring","Policy and Law","Geography","Planning and Development"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"American Economic Review: Insights","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p> We propose a new method to estimate and isolate the localization of knowledge spillovers due to the physical presence of a person, using after-application but pre-grant deaths of differently located coinventors of the same patent. The approach estimates the differences in local citations between the deceased and still-living inventors at increasingly distant radii. Patents receive 26 percent fewer citations from within a radius of 20 miles around the deceased, relative to still-living coinventors. Differences attenuate with time and distance, are stronger when still-living coinventors live farther from the deceased, and hold for a subsample of possibly premature deaths. (JEL O31, O33, O34, R32) </jats:p>"}],"status":"public","publisher":"American Economic Association","date_updated":"2023-02-28T20:35:11Z","volume":5,"author":[{"full_name":"Balsmeier, Benjamin","last_name":"Balsmeier","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"last_name":"Fleming","full_name":"Fleming, Lee","first_name":"Lee"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0380-1965","last_name":"Lück","id":"950","full_name":"Lück, Sonja","first_name":"Sonja"}],"date_created":"2023-02-28T20:28:16Z","title":"Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials","doi":"10.1257/aeri.20210275","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2640-205X","2640-2068"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"1","year":"2023","intvolume":"         5","page":"21-33","citation":{"apa":"Balsmeier, B., Fleming, L., &#38; Lück, S. (2023). Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials. <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i>, <i>5</i>(1), 21–33. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275\">https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>","mla":"Balsmeier, Benjamin, et al. “Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials.” <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, American Economic Association, 2023, pp. 21–33, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275\">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Balsmeier_Fleming_Lück_2023, title={Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275\">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>}, number={1}, journal={American Economic Review: Insights}, publisher={American Economic Association}, author={Balsmeier, Benjamin and Fleming, Lee and Lück, Sonja}, year={2023}, pages={21–33} }","short":"B. Balsmeier, L. Fleming, S. Lück, American Economic Review: Insights 5 (2023) 21–33.","ama":"Balsmeier B, Fleming L, Lück S. Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials. <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i>. 2023;5(1):21-33. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275\">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>","chicago":"Balsmeier, Benjamin, Lee Fleming, and Sonja Lück. “Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials.” <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i> 5, no. 1 (2023): 21–33. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275\">https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>.","ieee":"B. Balsmeier, L. Fleming, and S. Lück, “Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials,” <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 21–33, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275\">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>."}},{"type":"working_paper","abstract":[{"text":"We study the effect of education on health (hospital stays, number of diagnosed conditions, self-rated poor health, and obesity) over the life-cycle in Germany, using compulsory schooling reforms as a source of exogenous variation. Our results suggest a positive correlation of health and education which increases over the life-cycle. We do not, however, find any positive local average treatment effects of an additional year of schooling on health or health care utilization for individuals up to age 79. An exception is obesity, where positive effects of schooling start to be visible around age 60 and become very large in age group 75-79. The results in age group 75-79 need to be interpreted with caution, however, due to small sample size and possible problems of attrition.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"46534","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"series_title":" Ruhr Economic Papers","user_id":"53779","keyword":["Education","health","life-cycle effects","compulsory schooling"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2023","intvolume":"      1006","citation":{"apa":"Schmitz, H., &#38; Tawiah, B. B. (2023). <i>Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling</i> (Vol. 1006). RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.","mla":"Schmitz, Hendrik, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. <i>Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling</i>. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","short":"H. Schmitz, B.B. Tawiah, Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","bibtex":"@book{Schmitz_Tawiah_2023, series={ Ruhr Economic Papers}, title={Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling}, volume={1006}, publisher={RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2023}, collection={ Ruhr Economic Papers} }","chicago":"Schmitz, Hendrik, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. <i>Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling</i>. Vol. 1006.  Ruhr Economic Papers. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","ieee":"H. Schmitz and B. B. Tawiah, <i>Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling</i>, vol. 1006. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","ama":"Schmitz H, Tawiah BB. <i>Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling</i>. Vol 1006. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen; 2023."},"date_updated":"2023-08-20T17:51:42Z","publisher":"RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen","volume":1006,"date_created":"2023-08-16T09:51:10Z","author":[{"first_name":"Hendrik","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879","last_name":"Schmitz"},{"first_name":"Beatrice Baaba","id":"70577","full_name":"Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba","last_name":"Tawiah"}],"title":"Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling"},{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_updated":"2023-08-20T17:49:34Z","date_created":"2023-08-16T09:31:31Z","author":[{"id":"45323","full_name":"Freise, Diana","last_name":"Freise","first_name":"Diana"},{"first_name":"Valentin","last_name":"Schiele","full_name":"Schiele, Valentin","id":"53779"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","id":"48879","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz"}],"title":"Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4372490","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4372490"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1556-5068"]},"year":"2023","citation":{"ieee":"D. Freise, V. Schiele, and H. Schmitz, <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV, 2023.","chicago":"Freise, Diana, Valentin Schiele, and Hendrik Schmitz. <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>.","ama":"Freise D, Schiele V, Schmitz H. <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490\">10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>","mla":"Freise, Diana, et al. <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490\">10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>.","short":"D. Freise, V. Schiele, H. Schmitz, Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data, Elsevier BV, 2023.","bibtex":"@book{Freise_Schiele_Schmitz_2023, title={Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490\">10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Freise, Diana and Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2023} }","apa":"Freise, D., Schiele, V., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2023). <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>"},"_id":"46521","department":[{"_id":"475"},{"_id":"281"}],"user_id":"53779","keyword":["General Earth and Planetary Sciences","General Environmental Science"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"working_paper","status":"public"},{"title":"The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza","volume":1011,"date_created":"2023-08-16T09:56:03Z","author":[{"full_name":"Monsees, Daniel","last_name":"Monsees","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-20T17:59:18Z","publisher":"RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen","intvolume":"      1011","citation":{"chicago":"Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. <i>The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i>. Vol. 1011.  Ruhr Economic Papers. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","ieee":"D. Monsees and H. Schmitz, <i>The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i>, vol. 1011. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","ama":"Monsees D, Schmitz H. <i>The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i>. Vol 1011. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen; 2023.","mla":"Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. <i>The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i>. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","short":"D. Monsees, H. Schmitz, The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination against COVID and Influenza, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.","bibtex":"@book{Monsees_Schmitz_2023, series={ Ruhr Economic Papers}, title={The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza}, volume={1011}, publisher={RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}, author={Monsees, Daniel and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2023}, collection={ Ruhr Economic Papers} }","apa":"Monsees, D., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2023). <i>The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i> (Vol. 1011). RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen."},"year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["COVID","influenza","vaccination","education","compulsory schooling"],"department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"series_title":" Ruhr Economic Papers","user_id":"53779","_id":"46536","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza in Germany and Europe. Our identification strategy makes use of changes in compulsory schooling laws and allows to estimate local average treatment effects for individuals between 59 and 91 years of age. We find no significant effect of an additional year of schooling on vaccination status in Germany. Pooling data from Europe, we conclude that schooling increases the likelihood to vaccinate against COVID by an economically negligible effect of one percentage point (zero for influenza). However, we find indications that additional schooling increases fear of side effects from COVID vaccination."}],"type":"working_paper"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"60006","user_id":"37953","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization","title":"Determinants of individual sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016","date_updated":"2025-05-21T10:19:22Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","author":[{"full_name":"Gutsche, Gunnar","id":"113411","last_name":"Gutsche","first_name":"Gunnar"},{"last_name":"Wetzel","full_name":"Wetzel, Heike","first_name":"Heike"},{"first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Ziegler, Andreas","last_name":"Ziegler"}],"date_created":"2025-05-21T10:16:17Z","volume":209,"year":"2023","citation":{"chicago":"Gutsche, Gunnar, Heike Wetzel, and Andreas Ziegler. “Determinants of Individual Sustainable Investment Behavior - A Framed Field Experiment.” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i> 209 (2023): 491–508. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>.","ieee":"G. Gutsche, H. Wetzel, and A. Ziegler, “Determinants of individual sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment,” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i>, vol. 209, pp. 491–508, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016\">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>.","ama":"Gutsche G, Wetzel H, Ziegler A. Determinants of individual sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment. <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i>. 2023;209:491-508. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016\">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>","apa":"Gutsche, G., Wetzel, H., &#38; Ziegler, A. (2023). Determinants of individual sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment. <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i>, <i>209</i>, 491–508. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>","mla":"Gutsche, Gunnar, et al. “Determinants of Individual Sustainable Investment Behavior - A Framed Field Experiment.” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i>, vol. 209, Elsevier BV, 2023, pp. 491–508, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016\">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Gutsche_Wetzel_Ziegler_2023, title={Determinants of individual sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment}, volume={209}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016\">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>}, journal={Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gutsche, Gunnar and Wetzel, Heike and Ziegler, Andreas}, year={2023}, pages={491–508} }","short":"G. Gutsche, H. Wetzel, A. Ziegler, Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization 209 (2023) 491–508."},"page":"491-508","intvolume":"       209","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0167-2681"]}},{"volume":54,"author":[{"full_name":"Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba","id":"70577","last_name":"Tawiah","first_name":"Beatrice Baaba"}],"date_created":"2023-01-10T08:14:43Z","date_updated":"2023-01-10T08:15:30Z","doi":"10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780"}],"title":"Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?","issue":"58","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"        54","page":"6687-6702","citation":{"apa":"Tawiah, B. B. (2022). Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness? <i>Applied Economics</i>, <i>54</i>(58), 6687–6702. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780\">https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>","bibtex":"@article{Tawiah_2022, title={Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?}, volume={54}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780\">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>}, number={58}, journal={Applied Economics}, author={Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2022}, pages={6687–6702} }","short":"B.B. Tawiah, Applied Economics 54 (2022) 6687–6702.","mla":"Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba. “Does Education Have an Impact on Patience and Risk Willingness?” <i>Applied Economics</i>, vol. 54, no. 58, 2022, pp. 6687–702, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780\">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>.","ama":"Tawiah BB. Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness? <i>Applied Economics</i>. 2022;54(58):6687-6702. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780\">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>","chicago":"Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba. “Does Education Have an Impact on Patience and Risk Willingness?” <i>Applied Economics</i> 54, no. 58 (2022): 6687–6702. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780\">https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>.","ieee":"B. B. Tawiah, “Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?,” <i>Applied Economics</i>, vol. 54, no. 58, pp. 6687–6702, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780\">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>."},"year":"2022","department":[{"_id":"281"}],"user_id":"53779","_id":"35647","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Applied Economics","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"title":"Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167629622001047"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-18T09:21:26Z","volume":86,"date_created":"2022-09-21T13:19:58Z","author":[{"last_name":"Freise","full_name":"Freise, Diana","id":"45323","first_name":"Diana"},{"id":"48879","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","last_name":"Schmitz","first_name":"Hendrik"},{"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Westphal","id":"64661","full_name":"Westphal, Matthias"}],"year":"2022","intvolume":"        86","citation":{"ieee":"D. Freise, H. Schmitz, and M. Westphal, “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities,” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol. 86, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.","chicago":"Freise, Diana, Hendrik Schmitz, and Matthias Westphal. “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 86 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.","ama":"Freise D, Schmitz H, Westphal M. Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>. 2022;86. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>","short":"D. Freise, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Journal of Health Economics 86 (2022).","bibtex":"@article{Freise_Schmitz_Westphal_2022, title={Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities}, volume={86}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>}, journal={Journal of Health Economics}, author={Freise, Diana and Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2022} }","mla":"Freise, Diana, et al. “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol. 86, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.","apa":"Freise, D., Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2022). Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, <i>86</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"33458","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"user_id":"53779","abstract":[{"text":"We study the effect of unemployment on cognitive abilities among individuals aged between 50 and 65 in Europe. To this end, we exploit plant closures and use flexible event-study estimations together with an experimentally elicited measure of fluid intelligence, namely word recall. We find that, within a time period of around eight years after the event of unemployment, cognitive abilities only deteriorate marginally — the effects are insignificant both in statistical and economic terms. We do, however, find significant effects of late-career unemployment on the likelihood to leave the labor force, and short-term effects on mental health problems such as depression and sleep problems.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Journal of Health Economics","type":"journal_article"},{"title":"Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment","doi":"10.1093/ej/ueac021","date_updated":"2023-08-18T09:21:13Z","volume":132,"date_created":"2022-03-10T14:31:01Z","author":[{"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Westphal","id":"64661","full_name":"Westphal, Matthias"},{"full_name":"Kamhöfer, Daniel A.","last_name":"Kamhöfer","first_name":"Daniel A."},{"last_name":"Schmitz","full_name":"Schmitz, Hendrik","id":"48879","first_name":"Hendrik"}],"year":"2022","intvolume":"       132","page":"2231-2272","citation":{"apa":"Westphal, M., Kamhöfer, D. A., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2022). Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment. <i>Economic Journal</i>, <i>132</i>(646), 2231–2272. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021\">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>","bibtex":"@article{Westphal_Kamhöfer_Schmitz_2022, title={Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment}, volume={132}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021\">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>}, number={646}, journal={Economic Journal}, author={Westphal, Matthias and Kamhöfer, Daniel A. and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2022}, pages={2231–2272} }","mla":"Westphal, Matthias, et al. “Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment.” <i>Economic Journal</i>, vol. 132, no. 646, 2022, pp. 2231–72, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021\">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.","short":"M. Westphal, D.A. Kamhöfer, H. Schmitz, Economic Journal 132 (2022) 2231–2272.","ama":"Westphal M, Kamhöfer DA, Schmitz H. Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment. <i>Economic Journal</i>. 2022;132(646):2231-2272. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021\">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>","chicago":"Westphal, Matthias, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment.” <i>Economic Journal</i> 132, no. 646 (2022): 2231–72. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021\">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.","ieee":"M. Westphal, D. A. Kamhöfer, and H. Schmitz, “Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment,” <i>Economic Journal</i>, vol. 132, no. 646, pp. 2231–2272, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021\">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>."},"publication_status":"published","issue":"646","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"30235","department":[{"_id":"281"},{"_id":"475"}],"user_id":"53779","status":"public","publication":"Economic Journal","type":"journal_article"},{"type":"working_paper","citation":{"ama":"Schiele V. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform in Germany</i>.; 2022.","chicago":"Schiele, Valentin. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform in Germany</i>, 2022.","ieee":"V. Schiele, <i>Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform in Germany</i>. 2022.","mla":"Schiele, Valentin. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform in Germany</i>. 2022.","short":"V. Schiele, Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform in Germany, 2022.","bibtex":"@book{Schiele_2022, title={Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform in Germany}, author={Schiele, Valentin}, year={2022} }","apa":"Schiele, V. (2022). <i>Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform in Germany</i>."},"status":"public","year":"2022","abstract":[{"text":"Compulsory schooling reforms are often used to estimate monetary returns to education. Such reforms are unrelated to individual characteristics and preferences and thus arguably able to eliminate selection bias. However, as these reforms affect a large number of individuals in the relevant age groups, they might have spillover effects on individuals not directly affected by the reform. Such spillover effects constitute a problem for identification and estimation of returns to schooling. As they are difficult to address, they are mostly ignored in the empirical literature. I show that the introduction of the compulsory ninth grade in Germany led to a labor supply shock that might have increased wages and employment of individuals who were not directly subject to the reform and were assumed not to be affected in previous research. To investigate in this kinds of spillover effects, I exploit the staggered introduction of the compulsory ninth grade across German federal states in a difference-in-differences approach. Based on large scale register and survey data, I find no evidence for persistent spillover effects for men. For women, however, my results suggest that the labor supply shock resulting from the reform may have led to a persistent increase in employment and wages.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"53779","date_created":"2023-08-16T09:45:46Z","author":[{"first_name":"Valentin","last_name":"Schiele","full_name":"Schiele, Valentin","id":"53779"}],"department":[{"_id":"281"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-20T17:57:42Z","_id":"46531","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform in Germany","keyword":["Compulsory schooling","Education","Spillover effects","Cohort size","Wages","Employment"]}]