---
_id: '64109'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>We study the
    effect of education on health (hospital stays, number of diagnosed conditions,
    poor or bad self-rated health, and body mass index) over the life cycle, using
    German compulsory schooling reforms as a source of exogenous variation. Our results
    show clear correlations between educational attainment and better health across
    all age groups (30 to 74). However, we do not find causal relationships between
    additional schooling and health or health care utilization, neither earlier nor
    later in life. A simulated ex-post power analysis shows that this is not due to
    a lack of statistical power. One reason for the absence of effects may be that
    the studied compulsory schooling reforms succeeded in raising the educational
    attainment of the target group - individuals at the lowest educational margin
    - but did not lead to healthier employment opportunities.</jats:p>"
author:
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Hollenbach, Johannes
  id: '94632'
  last_name: Hollenbach
  orcid: 0009-0006-2008-0564
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Beatrice Baaba
  full_name: Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba
  last_name: Tawiah
citation:
  ama: Hollenbach J, Schmitz H, Tawiah BB. Life-cycle health effects of compulsory
    schooling. <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>. Published online 2026.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>
  apa: Hollenbach, J., Schmitz, H., &#38; Tawiah, B. B. (2026). Life-cycle health
    effects of compulsory schooling. <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hollenbach_Schmitz_Tawiah_2026, title={Life-cycle health effects
    of compulsory schooling}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>},
    journal={The European Journal of Health Economics}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Hollenbach, Johannes and Schmitz, Hendrik and
    Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Hollenbach, Johannes, Hendrik Schmitz, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. “Life-Cycle
    Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling.” <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>,
    2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>.
  ieee: 'J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, and B. B. Tawiah, “Life-cycle health effects of
    compulsory schooling,” <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>, 2026,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>.'
  mla: Hollenbach, Johannes, et al. “Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling.”
    <i>The European Journal of Health Economics</i>, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2">10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2</a>.
  short: J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, B.B. Tawiah, The European Journal of Health Economics
    (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-11T09:26:04Z
date_updated: 2026-02-11T09:27:18Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1007/s10198-025-01884-2
language:
- iso: eng
publication: The European Journal of Health Economics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1618-7598
  - 1618-7601
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '64108'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>We study how
    gene-environment interactions between education and genetic endowments affect
    cognition in old age and use this setting to show that – even with a valid instrument
    – two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimates of interaction effects can be far away
    from the true effect. This is the case when treatment effects are heterogeneous
    and compliance to the instrument depends on the interaction variable. We suggest
    estimating marginal treatment effects to address this problem. Our estimation
    results show complementarities between education and genetic predisposition in
    determining later-life memory. The marginal treatment effect estimates suggest
    substantially larger gene-environment interactions than the 2SLS estimates.</jats:p>"
article_number: ueag010
author:
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Hollenbach, Johannes
  id: '94632'
  last_name: Hollenbach
  orcid: 0009-0006-2008-0564
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Hollenbach J, Schmitz H, Westphal M. Gene-environment interactions with essential
    heterogeneity. <i>The Economic Journal</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>
  apa: Hollenbach, J., Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2026). Gene-environment interactions
    with essential heterogeneity. <i>The Economic Journal</i>, Article ueag010. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hollenbach_Schmitz_Westphal_2026, title={Gene-environment interactions
    with essential heterogeneity}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>},
    number={ueag010}, journal={The Economic Journal}, publisher={Oxford University
    Press (OUP)}, author={Hollenbach, Johannes and Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal,
    Matthias}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Hollenbach, Johannes, Hendrik Schmitz, and Matthias Westphal. “Gene-Environment
    Interactions with Essential Heterogeneity.” <i>The Economic Journal</i>, 2026.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>.
  ieee: 'J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, and M. Westphal, “Gene-environment interactions
    with essential heterogeneity,” <i>The Economic Journal</i>, Art. no. ueag010,
    2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>.'
  mla: Hollenbach, Johannes, et al. “Gene-Environment Interactions with Essential
    Heterogeneity.” <i>The Economic Journal</i>, ueag010, Oxford University Press
    (OUP), 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueag010">10.1093/ej/ueag010</a>.
  short: J. Hollenbach, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, The Economic Journal (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-11T09:20:49Z
date_updated: 2026-02-11T09:23:15Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1093/ej/ueag010
language:
- iso: eng
publication: The Economic Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-0133
  - 1468-0297
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
status: public
title: Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '64154'
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Westphal
  full_name: Matthias, Westphal
  last_name: Matthias
citation:
  ama: Schmitz H, Matthias W. Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung. <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie
    heute</i>. 2026.
  apa: Schmitz, H., &#38; Matthias, W. (2026). Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn
    jung. <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Schmitz_Matthias_2026, title={Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn
    jung}, journal={Wirtschaftspsychologie heute}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Matthias,
    Westphal}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Westphal Matthias. “Bildung in der Jugend hält das
    Gehirn jung.” <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>, 2026.
  ieee: H. Schmitz and W. Matthias, “Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung,”
    <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>, 2026.
  mla: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Westphal Matthias. “Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn
    jung.” <i>Wirtschaftspsychologie heute</i>, 2026.
  short: H. Schmitz, W. Matthias, Wirtschaftspsychologie heute (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-13T10:51:32Z
date_updated: 2026-02-24T08:01:24Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
language:
- iso: ger
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.wirtschaftspsychologie-heute.de/bildung-in-der-jugend-haelt-das-gehirn-jung/
publication: Wirtschaftspsychologie heute
publication_date: 2026-01-26
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Bildung in der Jugend hält das Gehirn jung
type: newspaper_article
user_id: '37953'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '59345'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>We study the effect of education
    on vaccination against COVID in Germany in a sample of individuals above the age
    of 60. In ordinary least squares regressions, we find that, in this age group,
    one more year of education goes along with a 0.7 percentage point increase in
    the likelihood to get a COVID vaccination. In two stage least squares regressions
    where changes in compulsory schooling laws are used as exogenous variation for
    education, the effect of an additional year of education is estimated to be zero.
    The results hold for the compliers to the policy change which are older individuals
    at the lowest margin of education.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Monsees, Daniel
  last_name: Monsees
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Monsees D, Schmitz H. The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against
    COVID. <i>Health Economics</i>. 2025;34(4):643-654. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929">10.1002/hec.4929</a>
  apa: Monsees, D., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2025). The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on
    Vaccination Against COVID. <i>Health Economics</i>, <i>34</i>(4), 643–654. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929">https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Monsees_Schmitz_2025, title={The Effect of Compulsory Schooling
    on Vaccination Against COVID}, volume={34}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929">10.1002/hec.4929</a>},
    number={4}, journal={Health Economics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Monsees, Daniel
    and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2025}, pages={643–654} }'
  chicago: 'Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. “The Effect of Compulsory Schooling
    on Vaccination Against COVID.” <i>Health Economics</i> 34, no. 4 (2025): 643–54.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929">https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. Monsees and H. Schmitz, “The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination
    Against COVID,” <i>Health Economics</i>, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 643–654, 2025, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929">10.1002/hec.4929</a>.'
  mla: Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. “The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on
    Vaccination Against COVID.” <i>Health Economics</i>, vol. 34, no. 4, Wiley, 2025,
    pp. 643–54, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929">10.1002/hec.4929</a>.
  short: D. Monsees, H. Schmitz, Health Economics 34 (2025) 643–654.
date_created: 2025-04-04T10:41:30Z
date_updated: 2025-04-04T10:44:20Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1002/hec.4929
intvolume: '        34'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 643-654
publication: Health Economics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1057-9230
  - 1099-1050
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 34
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '61533'
article_number: '105333'
author:
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Balsmeier, B.
  last_name: Balsmeier
- first_name: Sonja
  full_name: Lück, Sonja
  id: '950'
  last_name: Lück
  orcid: 0000-0003-0380-1965
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Fleming, L.
  last_name: Fleming
citation:
  ama: Balsmeier B, Lück S, Fleming L. Science knowledge localizes. <i>Research Policy</i>.
    2025;54(10). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>
  apa: Balsmeier, B., Lück, S., &#38; Fleming, L. (2025). Science knowledge localizes.
    <i>Research Policy</i>, <i>54</i>(10), Article 105333. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Balsmeier_Lück_Fleming_2025, title={Science knowledge localizes},
    volume={54}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>},
    number={10105333}, journal={Research Policy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Balsmeier,
    B. and Lück, Sonja and Fleming, L.}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Balsmeier, B., Sonja Lück, and L. Fleming. “Science Knowledge Localizes.”
    <i>Research Policy</i> 54, no. 10 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>.
  ieee: 'B. Balsmeier, S. Lück, and L. Fleming, “Science knowledge localizes,” <i>Research
    Policy</i>, vol. 54, no. 10, Art. no. 105333, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>.'
  mla: Balsmeier, B., et al. “Science Knowledge Localizes.” <i>Research Policy</i>,
    vol. 54, no. 10, 105333, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333">10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333</a>.
  short: B. Balsmeier, S. Lück, L. Fleming, Research Policy 54 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-07T09:23:58Z
date_updated: 2025-10-07T09:26:00Z
department:
- _id: '200'
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333
intvolume: '        54'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Research Policy
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0048-7333
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Science knowledge localizes
type: journal_article
user_id: '950'
volume: 54
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62017'
article_number: '112671'
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Mayrhofer, Thomas
  last_name: Mayrhofer
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Mayrhofer T, Schmitz H. Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence. <i>Economics
    Letters</i>. 2025;257. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>
  apa: Mayrhofer, T., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2025). Prudence and prevention – empirical
    evidence. <i>Economics Letters</i>, <i>257</i>, Article 112671. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Mayrhofer_Schmitz_2025, title={Prudence and prevention – empirical
    evidence}, volume={257}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>},
    number={112671}, journal={Economics Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mayrhofer,
    Thomas and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Mayrhofer, Thomas, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Prudence and Prevention – Empirical
    Evidence.” <i>Economics Letters</i> 257 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>.
  ieee: 'T. Mayrhofer and H. Schmitz, “Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence,”
    <i>Economics Letters</i>, vol. 257, Art. no. 112671, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>.'
  mla: Mayrhofer, Thomas, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Prudence and Prevention – Empirical
    Evidence.” <i>Economics Letters</i>, vol. 257, 112671, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671">10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671</a>.
  short: T. Mayrhofer, H. Schmitz, Economics Letters 257 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-30T08:31:54Z
date_updated: 2025-10-30T09:06:38Z
department:
- _id: '281'
doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112671
intvolume: '       257'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Economics Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0165-1765
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Prudence and prevention – empirical evidence
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 257
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '58177'
author:
- first_name: Astrid
  full_name: Dannenberg, Astrid
  last_name: Dannenberg
- first_name: Gunnar
  full_name: Gutsche, Gunnar
  id: '113411'
  last_name: Gutsche
- first_name: Marlene C. L.
  full_name: Batzke, Marlene C. L.
  last_name: Batzke
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Christens, Sven
  last_name: Christens
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Engler, Daniel
  last_name: Engler
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Mankat, Fabian
  last_name: Mankat
- first_name: Sophia
  full_name: Möller, Sophia
  last_name: Möller
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Weingärtner, Eva
  last_name: Weingärtner
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ernst, Andreas
  last_name: Ernst
- first_name: Marcel
  full_name: Lumkowsky, Marcel
  last_name: Lumkowsky
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: von Wangenheim, Georg
  last_name: von Wangenheim
- first_name: Gerrit
  full_name: Hornung, Gerrit
  last_name: Hornung
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ziegler, Andreas
  last_name: Ziegler
citation:
  ama: Dannenberg A, Gutsche G, Batzke MCL, et al. The Effects of Norms on Environmental
    Behavior. <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>. 2024;18(1):165-187.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/727588">10.1086/727588</a>
  apa: Dannenberg, A., Gutsche, G., Batzke, M. C. L., Christens, S., Engler, D., Mankat,
    F., Möller, S., Weingärtner, E., Ernst, A., Lumkowsky, M., von Wangenheim, G.,
    Hornung, G., &#38; Ziegler, A. (2024). The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior.
    <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>, <i>18</i>(1), 165–187. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1086/727588">https://doi.org/10.1086/727588</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Dannenberg_Gutsche_Batzke_Christens_Engler_Mankat_Möller_Weingärtner_Ernst_Lumkowsky_et
    al._2024, title={The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior}, volume={18},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/727588">10.1086/727588</a>}, number={1},
    journal={Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, publisher={University
    of Chicago Press}, author={Dannenberg, Astrid and Gutsche, Gunnar and Batzke,
    Marlene C. L. and Christens, Sven and Engler, Daniel and Mankat, Fabian and Möller,
    Sophia and Weingärtner, Eva and Ernst, Andreas and Lumkowsky, Marcel and et al.},
    year={2024}, pages={165–187} }'
  chicago: 'Dannenberg, Astrid, Gunnar Gutsche, Marlene C. L. Batzke, Sven Christens,
    Daniel Engler, Fabian Mankat, Sophia Möller, et al. “The Effects of Norms on Environmental
    Behavior.” <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i> 18, no. 1 (2024):
    165–87. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/727588">https://doi.org/10.1086/727588</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Dannenberg <i>et al.</i>, “The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior,”
    <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 165–187,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/727588">10.1086/727588</a>.'
  mla: Dannenberg, Astrid, et al. “The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior.”
    <i>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</i>, vol. 18, no. 1, University
    of Chicago Press, 2024, pp. 165–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/727588">10.1086/727588</a>.
  short: A. Dannenberg, G. Gutsche, M.C.L. Batzke, S. Christens, D. Engler, F. Mankat,
    S. Möller, E. Weingärtner, A. Ernst, M. Lumkowsky, G. von Wangenheim, G. Hornung,
    A. Ziegler, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 18 (2024) 165–187.
date_created: 2025-01-14T09:40:38Z
date_updated: 2025-01-17T08:22:50Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1086/727588
intvolume: '        18'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 165-187
publication: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1750-6816
  - 1750-6824
publication_status: published
publisher: University of Chicago Press
status: public
title: The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 18
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59347'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination is a highly effective
    method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate severe disease. In Germany,
    adult vaccination rates are relatively high at 85.5%, but rates are significantly
    lower for adolescents (69.6%) and children (20.0%). This discrepancy indicates
    that not all vaccinated parents choose to vaccinate their children. Analyzing
    data from a January 2022 online survey of 1,819 parents with children and adolescents,
    we explore the socio-economic factors influencing parents’ willingness to vaccinate
    themselves and their children. Our results show that individuals who vote for
    either side of the political extremes are less likely to vaccinate their children.
    This pattern is particularly strong for voters on the far right. In addition,
    we find that better educated parents are more likely to vaccinate both themselves
    and their children. Parents who vaccinate both themselves and their children demonstrate
    greater confidence in the vaccine’s effectiveness, while those who vaccinate only
    themselves are often motivated by a desire to regain personal freedoms. These
    insights highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to address specific
    concerns and improve vaccination rates among children and adolescents.</jats:p>
article_number: '24194'
author:
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Hörnig, Lukas
  last_name: Hörnig
- first_name: Sandra
  full_name: Schaffner, Sandra
  last_name: Schaffner
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Hörnig L, Schaffner S, Schmitz H. The individual and ecological characteristics
    of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2024;14(1).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>
  apa: Hörnig, L., Schaffner, S., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2024). The individual and ecological
    characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions. <i>Scientific Reports</i>,
    <i>14</i>(1), Article 24194. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hörnig_Schaffner_Schmitz_2024, title={The individual and ecological
    characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions}, volume={14}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>},
    number={124194}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Hörnig, Lukas and Schaffner, Sandra and Schmitz,
    Hendrik}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Hörnig, Lukas, Sandra Schaffner, and Hendrik Schmitz. “The Individual and
    Ecological Characteristics of Parental COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions.” <i>Scientific
    Reports</i> 14, no. 1 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>.
  ieee: 'L. Hörnig, S. Schaffner, and H. Schmitz, “The individual and ecological characteristics
    of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14,
    no. 1, Art. no. 24194, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>.'
  mla: Hörnig, Lukas, et al. “The Individual and Ecological Characteristics of Parental
    COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, 24194,
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8">10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8</a>.
  short: L. Hörnig, S. Schaffner, H. Schmitz, Scientific Reports 14 (2024).
date_created: 2025-04-04T10:47:50Z
date_updated: 2025-04-04T10:48:45Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Scientific Reports
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2045-2322
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination
  decisions
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 14
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59346'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Vaccination willingness against COVID-19 is generally perceived as
    low. Moreover, there is large heterogeneity across and within countries. As a
    whole, Germany has average vaccination rates compared to other industrialized
    countries. However, vaccination rates in the 16 different German federal states
    differ by more than 20 percentage points. We describe variation in vaccination
    rates on the level of the 400 German counties using data on all vaccinations carried
    out until December 2022. Around 52-72% of that variation can be explained by regional
    differences in demographic characteristics, housing, education and political party
    preferences. We find indications that the remaining part may be due to differences
    in soft factors such as risk aversion, trust in the German government, trust in
    science, and beliefs in conspiracy theories regarding the origins of the Corona
    virus. We conclude that improving the trust in science and the fight against conspiracy
    theories may possibly be effective tools to improve vaccination rates and effectively
    fight pandemics.</jats:p>
article_number: e0296976
author:
- first_name: Verena
  full_name: Bade, Verena
  id: '3206'
  last_name: Bade
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Beatrice Baaba
  full_name: Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba
  last_name: Tawiah
citation:
  ama: Bade V, Schmitz H, Tawiah BB. Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19
    in Germany. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. 2024;19(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>
  apa: Bade, V., Schmitz, H., &#38; Tawiah, B. B. (2024). Regional variations in vaccination
    against COVID-19 in Germany. <i>PLOS ONE</i>, <i>19</i>(4), Article e0296976.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Bade_Schmitz_Tawiah_2024, title={Regional variations in vaccination
    against COVID-19 in Germany}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>},
    number={4e0296976}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
    author={Bade, Verena and Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2024}
    }'
  chicago: Bade, Verena, Hendrik Schmitz, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. “Regional Variations
    in Vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany.” <i>PLOS ONE</i> 19, no. 4 (2024).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>.
  ieee: 'V. Bade, H. Schmitz, and B. B. Tawiah, “Regional variations in vaccination
    against COVID-19 in Germany,” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 19, no. 4, Art. no. e0296976,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>.'
  mla: Bade, Verena, et al. “Regional Variations in Vaccination against COVID-19 in
    Germany.” <i>PLOS ONE</i>, vol. 19, no. 4, e0296976, Public Library of Science
    (PLoS), 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976">10.1371/journal.pone.0296976</a>.
  short: V. Bade, H. Schmitz, B.B. Tawiah, PLOS ONE 19 (2024).
date_created: 2025-04-04T10:44:50Z
date_updated: 2025-04-11T06:00:09Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296976
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: PLOS ONE
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1932-6203
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
status: public
title: Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 19
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '60005'
article_number: '108103'
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Engler, Daniel
  last_name: Engler
- first_name: Gunnar
  full_name: Gutsche, Gunnar
  id: '113411'
  last_name: Gutsche
- first_name: Amantia
  full_name: Simixhiu, Amantia
  last_name: Simixhiu
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ziegler, Andreas
  last_name: Ziegler
citation:
  ama: 'Engler D, Gutsche G, Simixhiu A, Ziegler A. Social norms and individual climate
    protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany. <i>Energy Economics</i>.
    2024;142. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>'
  apa: 'Engler, D., Gutsche, G., Simixhiu, A., &#38; Ziegler, A. (2024). Social norms
    and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany.
    <i>Energy Economics</i>, <i>142</i>, Article 108103. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Engler_Gutsche_Simixhiu_Ziegler_2024, title={Social norms and
    individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany}, volume={142},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>},
    number={108103}, journal={Energy Economics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Engler,
    Daniel and Gutsche, Gunnar and Simixhiu, Amantia and Ziegler, Andreas}, year={2024}
    }'
  chicago: 'Engler, Daniel, Gunnar Gutsche, Amantia Simixhiu, and Andreas Ziegler.
    “Social Norms and Individual Climate Protection Activities: A Survey Experiment
    for Germany.” <i>Energy Economics</i> 142 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. Engler, G. Gutsche, A. Simixhiu, and A. Ziegler, “Social norms and individual
    climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany,” <i>Energy Economics</i>,
    vol. 142, Art. no. 108103, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>.'
  mla: 'Engler, Daniel, et al. “Social Norms and Individual Climate Protection Activities:
    A Survey Experiment for Germany.” <i>Energy Economics</i>, vol. 142, 108103, Elsevier
    BV, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103">10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103</a>.'
  short: D. Engler, G. Gutsche, A. Simixhiu, A. Ziegler, Energy Economics 142 (2024).
date_created: 2025-05-21T10:11:41Z
date_updated: 2025-05-21T10:13:48Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103
intvolume: '       142'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Energy Economics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0140-9883
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment
  for Germany'
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 142
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '35637'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Individual cognitive functioning declines over time. We seek to understand
    how adverse physical health shocks in older ages contribute to this development.
    By use of event-study methods and data from the USA, England, and several countries
    in Continental Europe, we find evidence that health shocks lead to an immediate
    and persistent decline in cognitive functioning. This robust finding holds in
    all regions representing different health insurance systems and seems to be independent
    of underlying individual demographic characteristics such as sex and age. We also
    ask whether variables that are susceptible to policy action can reduce the negative
    consequences of a health shock. Our results suggest that neither compulsory education
    nor retirement regulations moderate the effects, thus emphasizing the importance
    for cognitive functioning of maintaining good physical health in old age.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Schiele, Valentin
  id: '53779'
  last_name: Schiele
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: 'Schiele V, Schmitz H. Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role
    of health shocks. <i>European Economic Review</i>. 2023;151. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>'
  apa: 'Schiele, V., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2023). Understanding cognitive decline in
    older ages: The role of health shocks. <i>European Economic Review</i>, <i>151</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Schiele_Schmitz_2023, title={Understanding cognitive decline in
    older ages: The role of health shocks}, volume={151}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>},
    journal={European Economic Review}, author={Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz, Hendrik},
    year={2023} }'
  chicago: 'Schiele, Valentin, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Understanding Cognitive Decline
    in Older Ages: The Role of Health Shocks.” <i>European Economic Review</i> 151
    (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>.'
  ieee: 'V. Schiele and H. Schmitz, “Understanding cognitive decline in older ages:
    The role of health shocks,” <i>European Economic Review</i>, vol. 151, 2023, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>.'
  mla: 'Schiele, Valentin, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Understanding Cognitive Decline in
    Older Ages: The Role of Health Shocks.” <i>European Economic Review</i>, vol.
    151, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320</a>.'
  short: V. Schiele, H. Schmitz, European Economic Review 151 (2023).
date_created: 2023-01-10T07:52:03Z
date_updated: 2023-01-10T08:04:10Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320
intvolume: '       151'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014292122002008
publication: European Economic Review
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks'
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 151
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '42638'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p> We propose a new method to estimate and isolate the localization
    of knowledge spillovers due to the physical presence of a person, using after-application
    but pre-grant deaths of differently located coinventors of the same patent. The
    approach estimates the differences in local citations between the deceased and
    still-living inventors at increasingly distant radii. Patents receive 26 percent
    fewer citations from within a radius of 20 miles around the deceased, relative
    to still-living coinventors. Differences attenuate with time and distance, are
    stronger when still-living coinventors live farther from the deceased, and hold
    for a subsample of possibly premature deaths. (JEL O31, O33, O34, R32) </jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Balsmeier, Benjamin
  last_name: Balsmeier
- first_name: Lee
  full_name: Fleming, Lee
  last_name: Fleming
- first_name: Sonja
  full_name: Lück, Sonja
  id: '950'
  last_name: Lück
  orcid: 0000-0003-0380-1965
citation:
  ama: 'Balsmeier B, Fleming L, Lück S. Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor
    Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials. <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i>.
    2023;5(1):21-33. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>'
  apa: 'Balsmeier, B., Fleming, L., &#38; Lück, S. (2023). Isolating Personal Knowledge
    Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials. <i>American
    Economic Review: Insights</i>, <i>5</i>(1), 21–33. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275">https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Balsmeier_Fleming_Lück_2023, title={Isolating Personal Knowledge
    Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials}, volume={5},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>},
    number={1}, journal={American Economic Review: Insights}, publisher={American
    Economic Association}, author={Balsmeier, Benjamin and Fleming, Lee and Lück,
    Sonja}, year={2023}, pages={21–33} }'
  chicago: 'Balsmeier, Benjamin, Lee Fleming, and Sonja Lück. “Isolating Personal
    Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials.” <i>American
    Economic Review: Insights</i> 5, no. 1 (2023): 21–33. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275">https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Balsmeier, L. Fleming, and S. Lück, “Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers:
    Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials,” <i>American Economic Review:
    Insights</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 21–33, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>.'
  mla: 'Balsmeier, Benjamin, et al. “Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor
    Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials.” <i>American Economic Review: Insights</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 1, American Economic Association, 2023, pp. 21–33, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210275">10.1257/aeri.20210275</a>.'
  short: 'B. Balsmeier, L. Fleming, S. Lück, American Economic Review: Insights 5
    (2023) 21–33.'
date_created: 2023-02-28T20:28:16Z
date_updated: 2023-02-28T20:35:11Z
department:
- _id: '200'
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1257/aeri.20210275
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Management
- Monitoring
- Policy and Law
- Geography
- Planning and Development
language:
- iso: eng
page: 21-33
publication: 'American Economic Review: Insights'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2640-205X
  - 2640-2068
publication_status: published
publisher: American Economic Association
status: public
title: 'Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation
  Differentials'
type: journal_article
user_id: '950'
volume: 5
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '46534'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the effect of education on health (hospital stays, number of diagnosed
    conditions, self-rated poor health, and obesity) over the life-cycle in Germany,
    using compulsory schooling reforms as a source of exogenous variation. Our results
    suggest a positive correlation of health and education which increases over the
    life-cycle. We do not, however, find any positive local average treatment effects
    of an additional year of schooling on health or health care utilization for individuals
    up to age 79. An exception is obesity, where positive effects of schooling start
    to be visible around age 60 and become very large in age group 75-79. The results
    in age group 75-79 need to be interpreted with caution, however, due to small
    sample size and possible problems of attrition.
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Beatrice Baaba
  full_name: Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba
  id: '70577'
  last_name: Tawiah
citation:
  ama: Schmitz H, Tawiah BB. <i>Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling</i>.
    Vol 1006. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
    TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen; 2023.
  apa: Schmitz, H., &#38; Tawiah, B. B. (2023). <i>Life-cycle health effects of compulsory
    schooling</i> (Vol. 1006). RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University
    Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  bibtex: '@book{Schmitz_Tawiah_2023, series={ Ruhr Economic Papers}, title={Life-cycle
    health effects of compulsory schooling}, volume={1006}, publisher={RWI - Leibniz-Institut
    für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University
    of Duisburg-Essen}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2023},
    collection={ Ruhr Economic Papers} }'
  chicago: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. <i>Life-Cycle Health Effects
    of Compulsory Schooling</i>. Vol. 1006.  Ruhr Economic Papers. RWI - Leibniz-Institut
    für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University
    of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.
  ieee: H. Schmitz and B. B. Tawiah, <i>Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling</i>,
    vol. 1006. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
    TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.
  mla: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. <i>Life-Cycle Health Effects of
    Compulsory Schooling</i>. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University
    Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.
  short: H. Schmitz, B.B. Tawiah, Life-Cycle Health Effects of Compulsory Schooling,
    RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund
    University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.
date_created: 2023-08-16T09:51:10Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:51:42Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
intvolume: '      1006'
keyword:
- Education
- health
- life-cycle effects
- compulsory schooling
language:
- iso: eng
publisher: RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
  TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen
series_title: ' Ruhr Economic Papers'
status: public
title: Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling
type: working_paper
user_id: '53779'
volume: 1006
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '46521'
author:
- first_name: Diana
  full_name: Freise, Diana
  id: '45323'
  last_name: Freise
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Schiele, Valentin
  id: '53779'
  last_name: Schiele
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Freise D, Schiele V, Schmitz H. <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection
    Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV; 2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490">10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>
  apa: Freise, D., Schiele, V., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2023). <i>Housing Situations and
    Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier
    BV. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>
  bibtex: '@book{Freise_Schiele_Schmitz_2023, title={Housing Situations and Local
    COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490">10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>},
    publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Freise, Diana and Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz,
    Hendrik}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Freise, Diana, Valentin Schiele, and Hendrik Schmitz. <i>Housing Situations
    and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>.
    Elsevier BV, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>.
  ieee: D. Freise, V. Schiele, and H. Schmitz, <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19
    Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV, 2023.
  mla: Freise, Diana, et al. <i>Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics
    – A Case Study With Small-Area Data</i>. Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372490">10.2139/ssrn.4372490</a>.
  short: D. Freise, V. Schiele, H. Schmitz, Housing Situations and Local COVID-19
    Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data, Elsevier BV, 2023.
date_created: 2023-08-16T09:31:31Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:49:34Z
department:
- _id: '475'
- _id: '281'
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4372490
keyword:
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences
- General Environmental Science
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4372490
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1556-5068
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With
  Small-Area Data
type: working_paper
user_id: '53779'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '46536'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza
    in Germany and Europe. Our identification strategy makes use of changes in compulsory
    schooling laws and allows to estimate local average treatment effects for individuals
    between 59 and 91 years of age. We find no significant effect of an additional
    year of schooling on vaccination status in Germany. Pooling data from Europe,
    we conclude that schooling increases the likelihood to vaccinate against COVID
    by an economically negligible effect of one percentage point (zero for influenza).
    However, we find indications that additional schooling increases fear of side
    effects from COVID vaccination.
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Monsees, Daniel
  last_name: Monsees
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Monsees D, Schmitz H. <i>The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination
    against COVID and Influenza</i>. Vol 1011. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen;
    2023.
  apa: Monsees, D., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2023). <i>The effect of compulsory schooling
    on vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i> (Vol. 1011). RWI - Leibniz-Institut
    für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University
    of Duisburg-Essen.
  bibtex: '@book{Monsees_Schmitz_2023, series={ Ruhr Economic Papers}, title={The
    effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza}, volume={1011},
    publisher={RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
    TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}, author={Monsees, Daniel
    and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2023}, collection={ Ruhr Economic Papers} }'
  chicago: Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. <i>The Effect of Compulsory Schooling
    on Vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i>. Vol. 1011.  Ruhr Economic Papers.
    RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund
    University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2023.
  ieee: D. Monsees and H. Schmitz, <i>The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination
    against COVID and Influenza</i>, vol. 1011. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen,
    2023.
  mla: Monsees, Daniel, and Hendrik Schmitz. <i>The Effect of Compulsory Schooling
    on Vaccination against COVID and Influenza</i>. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen,
    2023.
  short: D. Monsees, H. Schmitz, The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination
    against COVID and Influenza, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen,
    2023.
date_created: 2023-08-16T09:56:03Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:59:18Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
intvolume: '      1011'
keyword:
- COVID
- influenza
- vaccination
- education
- compulsory schooling
language:
- iso: eng
publisher: RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
  TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen
series_title: ' Ruhr Economic Papers'
status: public
title: The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza
type: working_paper
user_id: '53779'
volume: 1011
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '60006'
author:
- first_name: Gunnar
  full_name: Gutsche, Gunnar
  id: '113411'
  last_name: Gutsche
- first_name: Heike
  full_name: Wetzel, Heike
  last_name: Wetzel
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ziegler, Andreas
  last_name: Ziegler
citation:
  ama: Gutsche G, Wetzel H, Ziegler A. Determinants of individual sustainable investment
    behavior - A framed field experiment. <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp;
    Organization</i>. 2023;209:491-508. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>
  apa: Gutsche, G., Wetzel, H., &#38; Ziegler, A. (2023). Determinants of individual
    sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment. <i>Journal of Economic
    Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i>, <i>209</i>, 491–508. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Gutsche_Wetzel_Ziegler_2023, title={Determinants of individual
    sustainable investment behavior - A framed field experiment}, volume={209}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>},
    journal={Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp; Organization}, publisher={Elsevier
    BV}, author={Gutsche, Gunnar and Wetzel, Heike and Ziegler, Andreas}, year={2023},
    pages={491–508} }'
  chicago: 'Gutsche, Gunnar, Heike Wetzel, and Andreas Ziegler. “Determinants of Individual
    Sustainable Investment Behavior - A Framed Field Experiment.” <i>Journal of Economic
    Behavior &#38;amp; Organization</i> 209 (2023): 491–508. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Gutsche, H. Wetzel, and A. Ziegler, “Determinants of individual sustainable
    investment behavior - A framed field experiment,” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior
    &#38;amp; Organization</i>, vol. 209, pp. 491–508, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>.'
  mla: Gutsche, Gunnar, et al. “Determinants of Individual Sustainable Investment
    Behavior - A Framed Field Experiment.” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp;
    Organization</i>, vol. 209, Elsevier BV, 2023, pp. 491–508, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016">10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016</a>.
  short: G. Gutsche, H. Wetzel, A. Ziegler, Journal of Economic Behavior &#38;amp;
    Organization 209 (2023) 491–508.
date_created: 2025-05-21T10:16:17Z
date_updated: 2025-05-21T10:19:22Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.016
intvolume: '       209'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 491-508
publication: Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0167-2681
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Determinants of individual sustainable investment behavior - A framed field
  experiment
type: journal_article
user_id: '37953'
volume: 209
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '35647'
author:
- first_name: Beatrice Baaba
  full_name: Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba
  id: '70577'
  last_name: Tawiah
citation:
  ama: Tawiah BB. Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?
    <i>Applied Economics</i>. 2022;54(58):6687-6702. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>
  apa: Tawiah, B. B. (2022). Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?
    <i>Applied Economics</i>, <i>54</i>(58), 6687–6702. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780">https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Tawiah_2022, title={Does education have an impact on patience
    and risk willingness?}, volume={54}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>},
    number={58}, journal={Applied Economics}, author={Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}, year={2022},
    pages={6687–6702} }'
  chicago: 'Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba. “Does Education Have an Impact on Patience and
    Risk Willingness?” <i>Applied Economics</i> 54, no. 58 (2022): 6687–6702. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780">https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. B. Tawiah, “Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?,”
    <i>Applied Economics</i>, vol. 54, no. 58, pp. 6687–6702, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>.'
  mla: Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba. “Does Education Have an Impact on Patience and Risk
    Willingness?” <i>Applied Economics</i>, vol. 54, no. 58, 2022, pp. 6687–702, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780">10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780</a>.
  short: B.B. Tawiah, Applied Economics 54 (2022) 6687–6702.
date_created: 2023-01-10T08:14:43Z
date_updated: 2023-01-10T08:15:30Z
department:
- _id: '281'
doi: 10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780
intvolume: '        54'
issue: '58'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00036846.2022.2078780
page: 6687-6702
publication: Applied Economics
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Does education have an impact on patience and risk willingness?
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 54
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '33458'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the effect of unemployment on cognitive abilities among individuals
    aged between 50 and 65 in Europe. To this end, we exploit plant closures and use
    flexible event-study estimations together with an experimentally elicited measure
    of fluid intelligence, namely word recall. We find that, within a time period
    of around eight years after the event of unemployment, cognitive abilities only
    deteriorate marginally — the effects are insignificant both in statistical and
    economic terms. We do, however, find significant effects of late-career unemployment
    on the likelihood to leave the labor force, and short-term effects on mental health
    problems such as depression and sleep problems.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Diana
  full_name: Freise, Diana
  id: '45323'
  last_name: Freise
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Freise D, Schmitz H, Westphal M. Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities.
    <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>. 2022;86. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>
  apa: Freise, D., Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2022). Late-Career Unemployment
    and Cognitive Abilities. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, <i>86</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Freise_Schmitz_Westphal_2022, title={Late-Career Unemployment
    and Cognitive Abilities}, volume={86}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>},
    journal={Journal of Health Economics}, author={Freise, Diana and Schmitz, Hendrik
    and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Freise, Diana, Hendrik Schmitz, and Matthias Westphal. “Late-Career Unemployment
    and Cognitive Abilities.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 86 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.
  ieee: 'D. Freise, H. Schmitz, and M. Westphal, “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive
    Abilities,” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol. 86, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.'
  mla: Freise, Diana, et al. “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities.” <i>Journal
    of Health Economics</i>, vol. 86, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.
  short: D. Freise, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Journal of Health Economics 86 (2022).
date_created: 2022-09-21T13:19:58Z
date_updated: 2023-08-18T09:21:26Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689
intvolume: '        86'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167629622001047
publication: Journal of Health Economics
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 86
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '30235'
author:
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
- first_name: Daniel A.
  full_name: Kamhöfer, Daniel A.
  last_name: Kamhöfer
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Westphal M, Kamhöfer DA, Schmitz H. Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection
    into Employment. <i>Economic Journal</i>. 2022;132(646):2231-2272. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>
  apa: Westphal, M., Kamhöfer, D. A., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2022). Marginal College Wage
    Premium under Selection into Employment. <i>Economic Journal</i>, <i>132</i>(646),
    2231–2272. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Westphal_Kamhöfer_Schmitz_2022, title={Marginal College Wage Premium
    under Selection into Employment}, volume={132}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>},
    number={646}, journal={Economic Journal}, author={Westphal, Matthias and Kamhöfer,
    Daniel A. and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2022}, pages={2231–2272} }'
  chicago: 'Westphal, Matthias, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Marginal
    College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment.” <i>Economic Journal</i>
    132, no. 646 (2022): 2231–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Westphal, D. A. Kamhöfer, and H. Schmitz, “Marginal College Wage Premium
    under Selection into Employment,” <i>Economic Journal</i>, vol. 132, no. 646,
    pp. 2231–2272, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.'
  mla: Westphal, Matthias, et al. “Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into
    Employment.” <i>Economic Journal</i>, vol. 132, no. 646, 2022, pp. 2231–72, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.
  short: M. Westphal, D.A. Kamhöfer, H. Schmitz, Economic Journal 132 (2022) 2231–2272.
date_created: 2022-03-10T14:31:01Z
date_updated: 2023-08-18T09:21:13Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1093/ej/ueac021
intvolume: '       132'
issue: '646'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 2231-2272
publication: Economic Journal
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 132
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '46531'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Compulsory schooling reforms are often used to estimate monetary returns to
    education. Such reforms are unrelated to individual characteristics and preferences
    and thus arguably able to eliminate selection bias. However, as these reforms
    affect a large number of individuals in the relevant age groups, they might have
    spillover effects on individuals not directly affected by the reform. Such spillover
    effects constitute a problem for identification and estimation of returns to schooling.
    As they are difficult to address, they are mostly ignored in the empirical literature.
    I show that the introduction of the compulsory ninth grade in Germany led to a
    labor supply shock that might have increased wages and employment of individuals
    who were not directly subject to the reform and were assumed not to be affected
    in previous research. To investigate in this kinds of spillover effects, I exploit
    the staggered introduction of the compulsory ninth grade across German federal
    states in a difference-in-differences approach. Based on large scale register
    and survey data, I find no evidence for persistent spillover effects for men.
    For women, however, my results suggest that the labor supply shock resulting from
    the reform may have led to a persistent increase in employment and wages.
author:
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Schiele, Valentin
  id: '53779'
  last_name: Schiele
citation:
  ama: Schiele V. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform
    in Germany</i>.; 2022.
  apa: Schiele, V. (2022). <i>Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling
    reform in Germany</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Schiele_2022, title={Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory
    schooling reform in Germany}, author={Schiele, Valentin}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schiele, Valentin. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling
    Reform in Germany</i>, 2022.
  ieee: V. Schiele, <i>Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform
    in Germany</i>. 2022.
  mla: Schiele, Valentin. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling
    Reform in Germany</i>. 2022.
  short: V. Schiele, Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform
    in Germany, 2022.
date_created: 2023-08-16T09:45:46Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:57:42Z
department:
- _id: '281'
keyword:
- Compulsory schooling
- Education
- Spillover effects
- Cohort size
- Wages
- Employment
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform in Germany
type: working_paper
user_id: '53779'
year: '2022'
...