[{"publication":"Photonics","issue":"2","abstract":[{"text":"Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly important across various sectors of the lighting industry and are being used more frequently. In the field of symbolic projection, research is increasingly focusing on implementing light modulation using energy-efficient, incoherent LEDs rather than lasers. Since light modulation in micro- and nano-optics is typically achieved through phase modulation, Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations are employed for analysis. The objective of this article is to investigate different approaches for approximating incoherent monochromatic light sources within FDTD simulations. To this end, two approaches based on dipole sources are considered, as well as a method involving plane waves with modulated wavefronts based on Cosine–Fourier functions and a method based on the superposition of Gaussian beams. These methods are evaluated in terms of their accuracy using a two-dimensional double-slit configuration and are compared against a fully incoherent analytical reference.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-02-02T07:18:03Z","keyword":["tet_topic_opticalantenna","tet_topic_numerics","tet_topic_meta"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"61"}],"title":"Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations","year":"2026","author":[{"full_name":"Metzner, Dominik","last_name":"Metzner","first_name":"Dominik"},{"first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Potthoff","full_name":"Potthoff, Jens"},{"full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","id":"30525"},{"id":"158","full_name":"Förstner, Jens","orcid":"0000-0001-7059-9862","first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Förstner"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2304-6732"]},"date_updated":"2026-02-02T21:38:34Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        13","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/13/2/128","open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"128","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.3390/photonics13020128","citation":{"mla":"Metzner, Dominik, et al. “Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations.” <i>Photonics</i>, vol. 13, no. 2, 128, MDPI AG, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128\">10.3390/photonics13020128</a>.","ama":"Metzner D, Potthoff J, Zentgraf T, Förstner J. Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations. <i>Photonics</i>. 2026;13(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128\">10.3390/photonics13020128</a>","bibtex":"@article{Metzner_Potthoff_Zentgraf_Förstner_2026, title={Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128\">10.3390/photonics13020128</a>}, number={2128}, journal={Photonics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Metzner, Dominik and Potthoff, Jens and Zentgraf, Thomas and Förstner, Jens}, year={2026} }","apa":"Metzner, D., Potthoff, J., Zentgraf, T., &#38; Förstner, J. (2026). Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations. <i>Photonics</i>, <i>13</i>(2), Article 128. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128\">https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128</a>","ieee":"D. Metzner, J. Potthoff, T. Zentgraf, and J. Förstner, “Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations,” <i>Photonics</i>, vol. 13, no. 2, Art. no. 128, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128\">10.3390/photonics13020128</a>.","short":"D. Metzner, J. Potthoff, T. Zentgraf, J. Förstner, Photonics 13 (2026).","chicago":"Metzner, Dominik, Jens Potthoff, Thomas Zentgraf, and Jens Förstner. “Approximating Incoherent Monochromatic Light Sources in FDTD Simulations.” <i>Photonics</i> 13, no. 2 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128\">https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020128</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1","status":"public","_id":"63827","publisher":"MDPI AG","user_id":"158","volume":13},{"citation":{"chicago":"Killi, Naresh, Amit Kumar, Leena Nebhani, Franziska Obst, Andreas Richter, Bernhard Reineke Matsudo, Thomas Zentgraf, and Dirk Kuckling. “Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction.” <i>ACS Omega</i> 11, no. 9 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476</a>.","short":"N. Killi, A. Kumar, L. Nebhani, F. Obst, A. Richter, B. Reineke Matsudo, T. Zentgraf, D. Kuckling, ACS Omega 11 (2026).","apa":"Killi, N., Kumar, A., Nebhani, L., Obst, F., Richter, A., Reineke Matsudo, B., Zentgraf, T., &#38; Kuckling, D. (2026). Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction. <i>ACS Omega</i>, <i>11</i>(9), Article 14448. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476</a>","ieee":"N. Killi <i>et al.</i>, “Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction,” <i>ACS Omega</i>, vol. 11, no. 9, Art. no. 14448, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476\">10.1021/acsomega.5c09476</a>.","ama":"Killi N, Kumar A, Nebhani L, et al. Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction. <i>ACS Omega</i>. 2026;11(9). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476\">10.1021/acsomega.5c09476</a>","bibtex":"@article{Killi_Kumar_Nebhani_Obst_Richter_Reineke Matsudo_Zentgraf_Kuckling_2026, title={Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476\">10.1021/acsomega.5c09476</a>}, number={914448}, journal={ACS Omega}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Killi, Naresh and Kumar, Amit and Nebhani, Leena and Obst, Franziska and Richter, Andreas and Reineke Matsudo, Bernhard and Zentgraf, Thomas and Kuckling, Dirk}, year={2026} }","mla":"Killi, Naresh, et al. “Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction.” <i>ACS Omega</i>, vol. 11, no. 9, 14448, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476\">10.1021/acsomega.5c09476</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1","status":"public","_id":"64873","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","volume":11,"user_id":"30525","issue":"9","publication":"ACS Omega","abstract":[{"text":"Continuous flow catalysis utilizing gel-bound organocatalysts within a microfluidic reactor represents a compelling strategy in the realm of organic synthesis. In this study, a quinuclidine-based catalytic monomer (QMA) was synthesized to create polymer gel dots through the process of photopolymerization that serve as a support for the catalyst. The resulting gel-bound organocatalysts were assembled within a continuous microfluidic reactor to facilitate the Baylis–Hillman reaction between various aldehydes and acrylonitrile at a temperature of 50 °C. The conversion of the product was assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy as an offline analytical method over a duration of 8 h. The findings indicated that highly reactive aldehydes achieved conversion rates exceeding 90%, in contrast to their less reactive counterparts. Furthermore, these results were juxtaposed with previously published data derived from alternative synthetic methodologies, revealing that the continuous microfluidic reactions employing integrated organocatalysts within polymer networks exhibited significantly higher conversions with reduced reaction times (8 h) at the same temperature (50 °C). Additionally, the influence of different geometries (round, triangular, and square) of the gel dots on catalytic activity was investigated, with round and square gel dots demonstrating slightly superior performance compared with triangular gel dots, attributed to their increased surface area. Moreover, an extended reaction period of 6 days was conducted using 4-bromobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile, resulting in a conversion rate exceeding 70%, which remained stable for 5 days before experiencing a slight decline due to product accumulation on the gel dots.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-03-10T08:23:43Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"311"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2470-1343","2470-1343"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Killi, Naresh","last_name":"Killi","first_name":"Naresh"},{"last_name":"Kumar","first_name":"Amit","full_name":"Kumar, Amit"},{"last_name":"Nebhani","first_name":"Leena","full_name":"Nebhani, Leena"},{"full_name":"Obst, Franziska","first_name":"Franziska","last_name":"Obst"},{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Richter","full_name":"Richter, Andreas"},{"last_name":"Reineke Matsudo","first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Reineke Matsudo, Bernhard"},{"last_name":"Zentgraf","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"},{"id":"287","full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk","last_name":"Kuckling","first_name":"Dirk"}],"year":"2026","title":"Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        11","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-03-10T08:27:15Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"14448","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsomega.5c09476"}],"doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c09476"},{"oa":"1","citation":{"ama":"Jin X, Zentgraf T. Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2026;38. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823\">10.1002/adma.202511823</a>","bibtex":"@article{Jin_Zentgraf_2026, title={Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation}, volume={38}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823\">10.1002/adma.202511823</a>}, number={e11823}, journal={Advanced Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jin, Xiao and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2026} }","mla":"Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 38, e11823, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823\">10.1002/adma.202511823</a>.","chicago":"Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation.” <i>Advanced Materials</i> 38 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823</a>.","short":"X. Jin, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Materials 38 (2026).","apa":"Jin, X., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2026). Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation. <i>Advanced Materials</i>, <i>38</i>, Article e11823. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823</a>","ieee":"X. Jin and T. Zentgraf, “Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 38, Art. no. e11823, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511823\">10.1002/adma.202511823</a>."},"project":[{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area B","_id":"55"},{"_id":"65","name":"TRR 142; TP A08: Nichtlineare Kopplung von Zwischenschicht-Exzitonen in van der Waals-Heterostrukturen an plasmonische und dielektrische Nanokavitäten"},{"_id":"170","name":"TRR 142; TP B09: Effiziente Erzeugung mit maßgeschneiderter optischer Phaselage der zweiten Harmonischen mittels Quasi-gebundener Zustände in GaAs Metaoberflächen"}],"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"61523","publisher":"Wiley","volume":38,"user_id":"30525","status":"public","date_created":"2025-10-06T05:42:21Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Advanced Materials","abstract":[{"text":"Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Metasurface holography offers a powerful approach for manipulating wavefronts at the nano and micro scale. Extensive research has been conducted to enhance the multiplexing capacity for diverse wavefronts. However, the independence of multiplexed channels is fundamentally restricted in techniques using single‐layer metasurfaces, resulting in unavoidable crosstalk and the need for post‐filtering of the output wavefronts. Here, a universal wavefront multiplexing concept is presented based on non‐injective transformation. By employing joint optimization on two metasurfaces, different channels can be independently designed without any constraints on the output wavefronts. To validate this approach, ultra‐compact orbital angular momentum (OAM) sorters are designed. In these experiments, the output beams from different channels can be independently mapped to 2D positions with high fineness. In another application of wavefront‐multiplexed holography, 10‐channel multiplexing is experimentally achieved with minimal crosstalk and without the need for post‐processing. These results demonstrate the independence between channels enabled by the non‐injective transformation in the method. The precise wavefront control and high multiplexing capacity underscore its potential for scalable wavefront manipulation devices.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"e11823","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202511823","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1002/adma.202511823","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Jin, Xiao","first_name":"Xiao","last_name":"Jin"},{"last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"}],"year":"2026","title":"Independent Wavefront Multiplexing with Metasurfaces via Non‐Injective Transformation","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        38","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-03-10T08:32:37Z"},{"title":"Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection","year":"2026","author":[{"last_name":"Jin","first_name":"Xiao","full_name":"Jin, Xiao"},{"id":"30525","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2577-5421"]},"date_updated":"2026-03-16T07:20:07Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         8","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.researching.cn/Articles/OJafd1e3b9e643c6be"}],"article_number":"26010","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010","issue":"02","publication":"Advanced Photonics","abstract":[{"text":"The degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light determine the maximum number of independent signal\r\nchannels an optical system can support. However, the polarization DoF is intrinsically limited to two by\r\northogonality, which causes unavoidable crosstalk and often forces position multiplexing, where different\r\nchannels are assigned to distinct spatial locations to suppress crosstalk. This research introduces a multilayer\r\nsynchronous polarization projection method that fundamentally increases the DoF for polarization\r\nmultiplexing. The DoF equals twice the number of projection layers. We experimentally demonstrate six-\r\nchannel polarization multiplexing holography without position multiplexing. The six-channel multiplexing\r\nresults indicate that our approach exceeds the conventional polarization multiplexing method, yielding an\r\naverage 3.79 dB improvement in extinction ratio across the six channels. Compared with the theoretical\r\nlimit of traditional polarization multiplexing, our method reduces crosstalk by an average of 6.52 dB across\r\nall channels in a seven-channel design. The polarization projection method breaks the DoF limitation\r\nof polarization multiplexing, opening a path toward high-dimensional photonic information encoding for\r\ncommunication, encryption, and imaging.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-03-16T07:17:52Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"status":"public","publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","_id":"64978","user_id":"30525","volume":8,"citation":{"mla":"Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Increasing the Design Degree of Freedom for Polarization through Multilayer Synchronous Polarization Projection.” <i>Advanced Photonics</i>, vol. 8, no. 02, 26010, SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010\">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Jin_Zentgraf_2026, title={Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection}, volume={8}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010\">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>}, number={0226010}, journal={Advanced Photonics}, publisher={SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng}, author={Jin, Xiao and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2026} }","ama":"Jin X, Zentgraf T. Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection. <i>Advanced Photonics</i>. 2026;8(02). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010\">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>","ieee":"X. Jin and T. Zentgraf, “Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection,” <i>Advanced Photonics</i>, vol. 8, no. 02, Art. no. 26010, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010\">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>.","apa":"Jin, X., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2026). Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection. <i>Advanced Photonics</i>, <i>8</i>(02), Article 26010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010\">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>","chicago":"Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Increasing the Design Degree of Freedom for Polarization through Multilayer Synchronous Polarization Projection.” <i>Advanced Photonics</i> 8, no. 02 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010\">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>.","short":"X. Jin, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Photonics 8 (2026)."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1"},{"citation":{"mla":"Kim, Minjun, et al. “Fabrication of Uniform, High-Field-Enhanced Plasmonic Satellite Clusters Using Multidewetting.” <i>Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII</i>, edited by Manijeh Razeghi et al., SPIE, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416\">10.1117/12.3095416</a>.","apa":"Kim, M., Devaraj, V., Seo, H.-S., Eom, S., Lee, J.-S., Lee, D., Zentgraf, T., Lee, J.-M., &#38; Jeon, M. Y. (2026). Fabrication of uniform, high-field-enhanced plasmonic satellite clusters using multidewetting. In M. Razeghi, G. A. Khodaparast, &#38; M. S. Vitiello (Eds.), <i>Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII</i>. SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416</a>","ieee":"M. Kim <i>et al.</i>, “Fabrication of uniform, high-field-enhanced plasmonic satellite clusters using multidewetting,” in <i>Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416\">10.1117/12.3095416</a>.","chicago":"Kim, Minjun, Vasanthan Devaraj, Hyeon-Seok Seo, Seongjae Eom, Jeong-Su Lee, Donghan Lee, Thomas Zentgraf, Jong-Min Lee, and Min Yong Jeon. “Fabrication of Uniform, High-Field-Enhanced Plasmonic Satellite Clusters Using Multidewetting.” In <i>Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII</i>, edited by Manijeh Razeghi, Giti A. Khodaparast, and Miriam S. Vitiello. SPIE, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416</a>.","ama":"Kim M, Devaraj V, Seo H-S, et al. Fabrication of uniform, high-field-enhanced plasmonic satellite clusters using multidewetting. In: Razeghi M, Khodaparast GA, Vitiello MS, eds. <i>Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII</i>. SPIE; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416\">10.1117/12.3095416</a>","short":"M. Kim, V. Devaraj, H.-S. Seo, S. Eom, J.-S. Lee, D. Lee, T. Zentgraf, J.-M. Lee, M.Y. Jeon, in: M. Razeghi, G.A. Khodaparast, M.S. Vitiello (Eds.), Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII, SPIE, 2026.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kim_Devaraj_Seo_Eom_Lee_Lee_Zentgraf_Lee_Jeon_2026, title={Fabrication of uniform, high-field-enhanced plasmonic satellite clusters using multidewetting}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095416\">10.1117/12.3095416</a>}, booktitle={Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Kim, Minjun and Devaraj, Vasanthan and Seo, Hyeon-Seok and Eom, Seongjae and Lee, Jeong-Su and Lee, Donghan and Zentgraf, Thomas and Lee, Jong-Min and Jeon, Min Yong}, editor={Razeghi, Manijeh and Khodaparast, Giti A. and Vitiello, Miriam S.}, year={2026} }"},"publication":"Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XXII","date_created":"2026-04-07T04:29:28Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"conference","author":[{"last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Minjun","full_name":"Kim, Minjun"},{"full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan","first_name":"Vasanthan","last_name":"Devaraj"},{"full_name":"Seo, Hyeon-Seok","last_name":"Seo","first_name":"Hyeon-Seok"},{"last_name":"Eom","first_name":"Seongjae","full_name":"Eom, Seongjae"},{"first_name":"Jeong-Su","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Jeong-Su"},{"full_name":"Lee, Donghan","first_name":"Donghan","last_name":"Lee"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"},{"last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Jong-Min","full_name":"Lee, Jong-Min"},{"full_name":"Jeon, Min Yong","last_name":"Jeon","first_name":"Min Yong"}],"status":"public","year":"2026","title":"Fabrication of uniform, high-field-enhanced plasmonic satellite clusters using multidewetting","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-04-07T04:30:07Z","_id":"65357","publisher":"SPIE","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"editor":[{"full_name":"Razeghi, Manijeh","first_name":"Manijeh","last_name":"Razeghi"},{"full_name":"Khodaparast, Giti A.","first_name":"Giti A.","last_name":"Khodaparast"},{"first_name":"Miriam S.","last_name":"Vitiello","full_name":"Vitiello, Miriam S."}],"user_id":"30525","doi":"10.1117/12.3095416"},{"article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-04-20T05:01:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Aschwanden","full_name":"Aschwanden, Rebecca"},{"last_name":"Claro-Rodríguez","first_name":"Nicolás","full_name":"Claro-Rodríguez, Nicolás"},{"full_name":"Zhao, Ruizhe","last_name":"Zhao","first_name":"Ruizhe"},{"last_name":"Kallert","orcid":"0009-0007-5230-0223","first_name":"Patricia Anna Maria","full_name":"Kallert, Patricia Anna Maria","id":"72332"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Krieger","full_name":"Krieger, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Buchinger, Quirin","first_name":"Quirin","last_name":"Buchinger"},{"full_name":"Covre da Silva, Saimon F.","first_name":"Saimon F.","last_name":"Covre da Silva"},{"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Stroj","full_name":"Stroj, Sandra"},{"full_name":"Rota, Michele","first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Rota"},{"last_name":"Höfling","first_name":"Sven","full_name":"Höfling, Sven"},{"full_name":"Huber-Loyola, Tobias","last_name":"Huber-Loyola","first_name":"Tobias"},{"full_name":"Rastelli, Armando","last_name":"Rastelli","first_name":"Armando"},{"full_name":"Trotta, Rinaldo","first_name":"Rinaldo","last_name":"Trotta"},{"first_name":"Lingling","last_name":"Huang","full_name":"Huang, Lingling"},{"id":"49683","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"},{"id":"85353","full_name":"Jöns, Klaus","last_name":"Jöns","first_name":"Klaus"},{"id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","first_name":"Thomas"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2330-4022","2330-4022"]},"year":"2026","title":"Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"acsphotonics.6c00096","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Beamsplitters represent fundamental components in both classical and quantum optical systems, enabling the distribution of light, as well as the generation of interference, superposition, and entanglement. However, optical networks constructed from conventional bulk 2 × 2-beamsplitters encounter inherent scalability issues, as the number of required beamsplitters scales quadratically with the number of optical modes for a fully connected network. Metasurfaces offer a promising route to\r\novercome these constraints. By manipulating light at the wavelength scale, compact optical components with advanced functionalities can be constructed, which address several modes simultaneously. In this work, we design and experimentally utilize a metasurface as a multiport beamsplitter. Furthermore, we realized a multimode interferometer composed of two cascaded metasurfaces. We characterize the individual and cascaded metasurfaces by using classical light, showing controllable splitting ratios through tunable phase relations. We then expand the approach to quantum light, employing single photons to demonstrate second- and third-order photon correlations as well as single photon interference across multiple spatial paths. These results establish metasurface-based multiport beamsplitters as a scalable and reconfigurable platform bridging classical and quantum photonics. ","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"ACS Photonics","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["metasurface","beamsplitter","interferometer","quantum network","single photons","nanophotonics"],"date_created":"2026-04-20T04:52:59Z","status":"public","user_id":"30525","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","_id":"65460","project":[{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"_id":"65","name":"TRR 142; TP A08: Nichtlineare Kopplung von Zwischenschicht-Exzitonen in van der Waals-Heterostrukturen an plasmonische und dielektrische Nanokavitäten"},{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Aschwanden R, Claro-Rodríguez N, Zhao R, et al. Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light. <i>ACS Photonics</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096\">10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096</a>","bibtex":"@article{Aschwanden_Claro-Rodríguez_Zhao_Kallert_Krieger_Buchinger_Covre da Silva_Stroj_Rota_Höfling_et al._2026, title={Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096\">10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096</a>}, number={acsphotonics.6c00096}, journal={ACS Photonics}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Aschwanden, Rebecca and Claro-Rodríguez, Nicolás and Zhao, Ruizhe and Kallert, Patricia Anna Maria and Krieger, Tobias and Buchinger, Quirin and Covre da Silva, Saimon F. and Stroj, Sandra and Rota, Michele and Höfling, Sven and et al.}, year={2026} }","mla":"Aschwanden, Rebecca, et al. “Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, acsphotonics.6c00096, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096\">10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096</a>.","chicago":"Aschwanden, Rebecca, Nicolás Claro-Rodríguez, Ruizhe Zhao, Patricia Anna Maria Kallert, Tobias Krieger, Quirin Buchinger, Saimon F. Covre da Silva, et al. “Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096</a>.","short":"R. Aschwanden, N. Claro-Rodríguez, R. Zhao, P.A.M. Kallert, T. Krieger, Q. Buchinger, S.F. Covre da Silva, S. Stroj, M. Rota, S. Höfling, T. Huber-Loyola, A. Rastelli, R. Trotta, L. Huang, T. Bartley, K. Jöns, T. Zentgraf, ACS Photonics (2026).","apa":"Aschwanden, R., Claro-Rodríguez, N., Zhao, R., Kallert, P. A. M., Krieger, T., Buchinger, Q., Covre da Silva, S. F., Stroj, S., Rota, M., Höfling, S., Huber-Loyola, T., Rastelli, A., Trotta, R., Huang, L., Bartley, T., Jöns, K., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2026). Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light. <i>ACS Photonics</i>, Article acsphotonics.6c00096. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096</a>","ieee":"R. Aschwanden <i>et al.</i>, “Cascaded Metasurface Interferometer for Multipath Interference with Classical and Quantum Light,” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, Art. no. acsphotonics.6c00096, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096\">10.1021/acsphotonics.6c00096</a>."},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2603.25090"]}},{"date_created":"2026-04-02T07:25:30Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["metasurface","waveguides","Dirac point","polarization","negative coupling"],"publication":"ACS Photonics","abstract":[{"text":"Metasurfaces are powerful tools for manipulating light using small structures on the nanoscale. In most metasurfaces, near-field couplings are treated as being unfavorable perturbations. Here, we experimentally investigate a structure consisting of sinusoidally modulated silicon waveguides where near-field coupling of local resonances leads to negative coupling, i.e., a negative coupling constant. This gives rise to wave-vector-dependent eigenstates of elliptical, linear, and circular polarizations. In particular, fully circular polarization states are not only present at a single point in momentum space (k-space) but also along a line. This circular polarization line, as well as a linear polarization line, emanates from a polarization degeneracy at the Dirac point. We experimentally validate the existence of these eigenstates and demonstrate the energy-, polarization-, and wave vector dependence of this metasurface as well as its sensitivity to fabrication tolerances. By tuning the incident k-vector, certain polarization-energy eigenstates are strongly reflected, allowing for uses in angle-tunable polarization filters and light sources.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865"}],"doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2330-4022","2330-4022"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Wetter, Helene","first_name":"Helene","last_name":"Wetter"},{"id":"69187","last_name":"Wingenbach","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Wingenbach, Jan"},{"full_name":"Rehberg, Falk","first_name":"Falk","last_name":"Rehberg"},{"last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Wenlong","full_name":"Gao, Wenlong"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Schumacher","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan","id":"27271"},{"full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","first_name":"Thomas","id":"30525"}],"title":"Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling","year":"2026","intvolume":"        13","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-04-20T05:09:57Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2512.14452"]},"citation":{"ieee":"H. Wetter, J. Wingenbach, F. Rehberg, W. Gao, S. Schumacher, and T. Zentgraf, “Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling,” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 13, pp. 2128–2133, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865\">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865</a>.","apa":"Wetter, H., Wingenbach, J., Rehberg, F., Gao, W., Schumacher, S., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2026). Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling. <i>ACS Photonics</i>, <i>13</i>, 2128–2133. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865</a>","short":"H. Wetter, J. Wingenbach, F. Rehberg, W. Gao, S. Schumacher, T. Zentgraf, ACS Photonics 13 (2026) 2128–2133.","chicago":"Wetter, Helene, Jan Wingenbach, Falk Rehberg, Wenlong Gao, Stefan Schumacher, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling.” <i>ACS Photonics</i> 13 (2026): 2128–33. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865</a>.","mla":"Wetter, Helene, et al. “Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 13, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, pp. 2128–33, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865\">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Wetter_Wingenbach_Rehberg_Gao_Schumacher_Zentgraf_2026, title={Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865\">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865</a>}, journal={ACS Photonics}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Wetter, Helene and Wingenbach, Jan and Rehberg, Falk and Gao, Wenlong and Schumacher, Stefan and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2026}, pages={2128–2133} }","ama":"Wetter H, Wingenbach J, Rehberg F, Gao W, Schumacher S, Zentgraf T. Polarization- and Wave-Vector Selective Optical Metasurface with Near-Field Coupling. <i>ACS Photonics</i>. 2026;13:2128-2133. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865\">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02865</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"65316","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","page":"2128-2133","volume":13,"user_id":"30525","status":"public"},{"citation":{"ieee":"M. Kim <i>et al.</i>, “A functionalization-free plasmonic hole-sphere nanogap SERS platform for reliable on-site analysis and oxide-state classification,” <i>Nanoscale</i>, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 4292–4299, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k\">10.1039/d5nr03414k</a>.","apa":"Kim, M., Heo, D., Cho, S. Y., Lee, Y.-W., Gu, S.-H., Adhikari, S., Lee, D., Jeong, S. S., Kim, H. S., Devaraj, V., Zentgraf, T., Jeon, M. Y., &#38; Lee, J.-M. (2026). A functionalization-free plasmonic hole-sphere nanogap SERS platform for reliable on-site analysis and oxide-state classification. <i>Nanoscale</i>, <i>18</i>(8), 4292–4299. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k</a>","chicago":"Kim, Minjun, Damun Heo, Sung Yoon Cho, Ye-Won Lee, Sun-Hwa Gu, Samir Adhikari, Donghan Lee, et al. “A Functionalization-Free Plasmonic Hole-Sphere Nanogap SERS Platform for Reliable on-Site Analysis and Oxide-State Classification.” <i>Nanoscale</i> 18, no. 8 (2026): 4292–99. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k</a>.","short":"M. Kim, D. Heo, S.Y. Cho, Y.-W. Lee, S.-H. Gu, S. Adhikari, D. Lee, S.S. Jeong, H.S. Kim, V. Devaraj, T. Zentgraf, M.Y. Jeon, J.-M. Lee, Nanoscale 18 (2026) 4292–4299.","mla":"Kim, Minjun, et al. “A Functionalization-Free Plasmonic Hole-Sphere Nanogap SERS Platform for Reliable on-Site Analysis and Oxide-State Classification.” <i>Nanoscale</i>, vol. 18, no. 8, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2026, pp. 4292–99, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k\">10.1039/d5nr03414k</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Kim_Heo_Cho_Lee_Gu_Adhikari_Lee_Jeong_Kim_Devaraj_et al._2026, title={A functionalization-free plasmonic hole-sphere nanogap SERS platform for reliable on-site analysis and oxide-state classification}, volume={18}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k\">10.1039/d5nr03414k</a>}, number={8}, journal={Nanoscale}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Kim, Minjun and Heo, Damun and Cho, Sung Yoon and Lee, Ye-Won and Gu, Sun-Hwa and Adhikari, Samir and Lee, Donghan and Jeong, Seok Soon and Kim, Hyuck Soo and Devaraj, Vasanthan and et al.}, year={2026}, pages={4292–4299} }","ama":"Kim M, Heo D, Cho SY, et al. A functionalization-free plasmonic hole-sphere nanogap SERS platform for reliable on-site analysis and oxide-state classification. <i>Nanoscale</i>. 2026;18(8):4292-4299. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03414k\">10.1039/d5nr03414k</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","page":"4292-4299","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","_id":"65655","user_id":"30525","volume":18,"publication":"Nanoscale","issue":"8","abstract":[{"text":"A functionalization-free plasmonic nanogap platform enables reliable on-site SERS based oxidation-state differentiation of arsenic through uniform metal-vacuum-metal cavities with high electromagnetic enhancement and minimal background interference.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-05-20T06:53:30Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"title":"A functionalization-free plasmonic hole-sphere nanogap SERS platform for reliable on-site analysis and oxide-state classification","year":"2026","author":[{"full_name":"Kim, Minjun","last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Minjun"},{"full_name":"Heo, Damun","last_name":"Heo","first_name":"Damun"},{"first_name":"Sung Yoon","last_name":"Cho","full_name":"Cho, Sung Yoon"},{"full_name":"Lee, Ye-Won","first_name":"Ye-Won","last_name":"Lee"},{"first_name":"Sun-Hwa","last_name":"Gu","full_name":"Gu, Sun-Hwa"},{"last_name":"Adhikari","first_name":"Samir","full_name":"Adhikari, Samir"},{"first_name":"Donghan","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Donghan"},{"last_name":"Jeong","first_name":"Seok Soon","full_name":"Jeong, Seok Soon"},{"full_name":"Kim, Hyuck Soo","last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Hyuck Soo"},{"full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan","first_name":"Vasanthan","last_name":"Devaraj"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"},{"last_name":"Jeon","first_name":"Min Yong","full_name":"Jeon, Min Yong"},{"full_name":"Lee, Jong-Min","last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Jong-Min"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"]},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-05-20T06:55:49Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        18","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2026/nr/d5nr03414k"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1039/d5nr03414k"},{"author":[{"first_name":"Xiao","last_name":"Jin","full_name":"Jin, Xiao"},{"id":"30525","last_name":"Zentgraf","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas"}],"title":"OAM-multiplexed holography via cascaded metasurfaces without post sampling and position multiplexing","year":"2026","intvolume":"     14075","date_updated":"2026-06-16T07:40:15Z","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/14075/3096579/OAM-multiplexed-holography-via-cascaded-metasurfaces-without-post-sampling-and/10.1117/12.3096579.full"}],"article_number":"1407507","doi":"10.1117/12.3096579","publication":"Metamaterials XV","date_created":"2026-06-16T07:37:13Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"conference","conference":{"name":"SPIE Photonics Europe 2026","location":"Strasbourg, France"},"status":"public","_id":"65906","publisher":"SPIE","editor":[{"full_name":"MacDonald, Kevin F.","first_name":"Kevin F.","last_name":"MacDonald"},{"full_name":"Zayats, Anatoly V.","first_name":"Anatoly V.","last_name":"Zayats"},{"full_name":"Staude, Isabelle","last_name":"Staude","first_name":"Isabelle"}],"volume":14075,"user_id":"30525","citation":{"apa":"Jin, X., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2026). OAM-multiplexed holography via cascaded metasurfaces without post sampling and position multiplexing. In K. F. MacDonald, A. V. Zayats, &#38; I. Staude (Eds.), <i>Metamaterials XV</i> (No. 1407507; Vol. 14075). SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579</a>","ieee":"X. Jin and T. Zentgraf, “OAM-multiplexed holography via cascaded metasurfaces without post sampling and position multiplexing,” in <i>Metamaterials XV</i>, Strasbourg, France, 2026, vol. 14075, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579\">10.1117/12.3096579</a>.","chicago":"Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “OAM-Multiplexed Holography via Cascaded Metasurfaces without Post Sampling and Position Multiplexing.” In <i>Metamaterials XV</i>, edited by Kevin F. MacDonald, Anatoly V. Zayats, and Isabelle Staude, Vol. 14075. SPIE, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579</a>.","short":"X. Jin, T. Zentgraf, in: K.F. MacDonald, A.V. Zayats, I. Staude (Eds.), Metamaterials XV, SPIE, 2026.","mla":"Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “OAM-Multiplexed Holography via Cascaded Metasurfaces without Post Sampling and Position Multiplexing.” <i>Metamaterials XV</i>, edited by Kevin F. MacDonald et al., vol. 14075, 1407507, SPIE, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579\">10.1117/12.3096579</a>.","ama":"Jin X, Zentgraf T. OAM-multiplexed holography via cascaded metasurfaces without post sampling and position multiplexing. In: MacDonald KF, Zayats AV, Staude I, eds. <i>Metamaterials XV</i>. Vol 14075. SPIE; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579\">10.1117/12.3096579</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Jin_Zentgraf_2026, title={OAM-multiplexed holography via cascaded metasurfaces without post sampling and position multiplexing}, volume={14075}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3096579\">10.1117/12.3096579</a>}, number={1407507}, booktitle={Metamaterials XV}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Jin, Xiao and Zentgraf, Thomas}, editor={MacDonald, Kevin F. and Zayats, Anatoly V. and Staude, Isabelle}, year={2026} }"}},{"publication":"Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews","abstract":[{"text":"Scalable plasmonic technologies face a critical trade‐off: few‐body architectures offer high enhancement but are sensitive to fabrication flaws, while scalable methods like solid‐state dewetting yield large, low‐enhancement gaps. We introduce a paradigm shift using a many‐body plasmonic architecture inspired by statistical mechanics. By moving toward the continuum limit, local geometric variations are statistically averaged out, effectively decoupling optical performance from microscopic disorder. We implement this concept via a lithography‐ and etching‐free, multi‐step dewetting strategy, creating wafer‐scale nanoclusters. This process strategically forms a robust many‐body system by introducing numerous small satellite nanoparticles between larger particles. Crucially, this design achieves a high collective enhancement that surpasses even optimized few‐body systems, despite having larger individual gaps. Under optimized conditions, these substrates exhibit a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factor approaching 4 × 10^8 with unprecedented reproducibility (RSD of ∼10%). This scalable, low‐cost concept establishes a practical route toward reproducible wafer‐scale nanophotonic platforms for sensing, spectroscopy, and quantum technologies.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-07-22T05:49:50Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"journal_article","author":[{"first_name":"Minjun","last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Minjun"},{"id":"103814","full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan","last_name":"Devaraj","first_name":"Vasanthan"},{"last_name":"Seo","first_name":"Hyeon‐Seok","full_name":"Seo, Hyeon‐Seok"},{"full_name":"Eom, Seong‐Jae","last_name":"Eom","first_name":"Seong‐Jae"},{"full_name":"Lee, Jeong‐Su","first_name":"Jeong‐Su","last_name":"Lee"},{"last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Donghan","full_name":"Lee, Donghan"},{"last_name":"Jeon","first_name":"Min Yong","full_name":"Jeon, Min Yong"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"},{"first_name":"Jong‐Min","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Jong‐Min"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1863-8880","1863-8899"]},"title":"Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement","year":"2026","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-07-22T05:52:38Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"e71610","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lpor.71610"}],"doi":"10.1002/lpor.71610","citation":{"chicago":"Kim, Minjun, Vasanthan Devaraj, Hyeon‐Seok Seo, Seong‐Jae Eom, Jeong‐Su Lee, Donghan Lee, Min Yong Jeon, Thomas Zentgraf, and Jong‐Min Lee. “Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement.” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610\">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610</a>.","short":"M. Kim, V. Devaraj, H. Seo, S. Eom, J. Lee, D. Lee, M.Y. Jeon, T. Zentgraf, J. Lee, Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews (2026).","apa":"Kim, M., Devaraj, V., Seo, H., Eom, S., Lee, J., Lee, D., Jeon, M. Y., Zentgraf, T., &#38; Lee, J. (2026). Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement. <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, Article e71610. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610\">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610</a>","ieee":"M. Kim <i>et al.</i>, “Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement,” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, Art. no. e71610, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610\">10.1002/lpor.71610</a>.","ama":"Kim M, Devaraj V, Seo H, et al. Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement. <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610\">10.1002/lpor.71610</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kim_Devaraj_Seo_Eom_Lee_Lee_Jeon_Zentgraf_Lee_2026, title={Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610\">10.1002/lpor.71610</a>}, number={e71610}, journal={Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kim, Minjun and Devaraj, Vasanthan and Seo, Hyeon‐Seok and Eom, Seong‐Jae and Lee, Jeong‐Su and Lee, Donghan and Jeon, Min Yong and Zentgraf, Thomas and Lee, Jong‐Min}, year={2026} }","mla":"Kim, Minjun, et al. “Engineering Disordered Many‐Particle Plasmonic Nanoclusters for Wafer‐Scale Uniform and Giant Electromagnetic Field Enhancement.” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, e71610, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71610\">10.1002/lpor.71610</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1","status":"public","publisher":"Wiley","_id":"66555","user_id":"30525"},{"author":[{"id":"103814","last_name":"Devaraj","first_name":"Vasanthan","full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan"},{"first_name":"Sunghyun","last_name":"Kwak","full_name":"Kwak, Sunghyun"},{"last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Hyeongjip","full_name":"Kim, Hyeongjip"},{"full_name":"Sung, Sang‐Keun","first_name":"Sang‐Keun","last_name":"Sung"},{"full_name":"Lee, Jong‐Min","last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Jong‐Min"},{"id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101"},{"full_name":"Kim, Won‐Geun","last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Won‐Geun"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1863-8880","1863-8899"]},"title":"Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies","year":"2026","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2026-08-03T06:45:01Z","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lpor.71686","open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"e71686","doi":"10.1002/lpor.71686","publication":"Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews","abstract":[{"text":"Three‐dimensional (3D) assemblies of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) offer a rich platform for plasmonic coupling and near‐field engineering, yet their optical behavior is often complex due to structural disorder and fabrication‐induced variability. Here, we present a systematic optical investigation of large‐scale 3D AuNP assemblies fabricated via meniscus‐guided assembly, focusing on the reproducibility, spatial uniformity, and mode evolution of their plasmonic responses. Spatially‐resolved dark‐field scattering measurements reveal that high‐aspect‐ratio AuNP pillars exhibit uniform scattering spectra along their height and across different pillars, despite variations in geometry and structure. Electromagnetic simulations suggest that this robustness arises from a collective many‐particle plasmonic response that remains optically active despite structural perturbations. The corresponding near‐field and surface‐charge distributions remain spatially distributed under representative structural perturbations, consistent with volumetric averaging across the three‐dimensional assembly. Building on this robust platform, we introduce compositional modulation through a core–satellite architecture by incorporating smaller AuNPs. This yields a composition‐dependent spectral redistribution, including the emergence of an additional long‐wavelength spectral feature in the core–satellite assemblies. Wavelength‐dependent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering measurements reveal contrasting responses under 633 and 785 nm excitation, reflecting redistribution of local plasmonic coupling pathways. These results provide process‐enabled guidelines for using meniscus‐guided 3D‐nanoprinting to realize robust nanoparticle assemblies.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-08-03T06:43:03Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"66632","publisher":"Wiley","user_id":"30525","citation":{"mla":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, et al. “Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies.” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, e71686, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686\">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Devaraj_Kwak_Kim_Sung_Lee_Zentgraf_Kim_2026, title={Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686\">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>}, number={e71686}, journal={Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Devaraj, Vasanthan and Kwak, Sunghyun and Kim, Hyeongjip and Sung, Sang‐Keun and Lee, Jong‐Min and Zentgraf, Thomas and Kim, Won‐Geun}, year={2026} }","ama":"Devaraj V, Kwak S, Kim H, et al. Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies. <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686\">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>","ieee":"V. Devaraj <i>et al.</i>, “Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies,” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, Art. no. e71686, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686\">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>.","apa":"Devaraj, V., Kwak, S., Kim, H., Sung, S., Lee, J., Zentgraf, T., &#38; Kim, W. (2026). Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies. <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, Article e71686. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686\">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686</a>","chicago":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, Sunghyun Kwak, Hyeongjip Kim, Sang‐Keun Sung, Jong‐Min Lee, Thomas Zentgraf, and Won‐Geun Kim. “Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies.” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686\">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686</a>.","short":"V. Devaraj, S. Kwak, H. Kim, S. Sung, J. Lee, T. Zentgraf, W. Kim, Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews (2026)."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1"},{"publication":"Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics","citation":{"chicago":"Brauckmann, Michael, Emmanuel Narvaez Castaneda, Dustin Siebert, Benjamin Brecht, Jens Förstner, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Enhancement Of Light-Matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators.” In <i>Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>, 2025.","short":"M. Brauckmann, E. Narvaez Castaneda, D. Siebert, B. Brecht, J. Förstner, T. Zentgraf, in: Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, 2025.","apa":"Brauckmann, M., Narvaez Castaneda, E., Siebert, D., Brecht, B., Förstner, J., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2025). Enhancement Of Light-matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators. <i>Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>. META 2025 - The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, Malaga, Spain.","ieee":"M. Brauckmann, E. Narvaez Castaneda, D. Siebert, B. Brecht, J. Förstner, and T. Zentgraf, “Enhancement Of Light-matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators,” presented at the META 2025 - The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, Malaga, Spain, 2025.","ama":"Brauckmann M, Narvaez Castaneda E, Siebert D, Brecht B, Förstner J, Zentgraf T. Enhancement Of Light-matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators. In: <i>Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>. ; 2025.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Brauckmann_Narvaez Castaneda_Siebert_Brecht_Förstner_Zentgraf_2025, title={Enhancement Of Light-matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators}, booktitle={Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics}, author={Brauckmann, Michael and Narvaez Castaneda, Emmanuel and Siebert, Dustin and Brecht, Benjamin and Förstner, Jens and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2025} }","mla":"Brauckmann, Michael, et al. “Enhancement Of Light-Matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators.” <i>Proceedings of The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>, 2025."},"project":[{"name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","grant_number":"231447078","_id":"53"},{"_id":"54","name":"TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A"},{"_id":"164","grant_number":"231447078","name":"TRR 142 - A09: TRR 142 - Erzeugung von Drei-Photonen-Zuständen mit On-Chip Pumplichtunterdrückung in topologischen Wellenleitern (A09*)"}],"date_created":"2025-05-23T06:10:53Z","type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"status":"public","year":"2025","title":"Enhancement Of Light-matter Interaction In Topological Waveguides And Resonators","author":[{"full_name":"Brauckmann, Michael","last_name":"Brauckmann","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Narvaez Castaneda","full_name":"Narvaez Castaneda, Emmanuel"},{"full_name":"Siebert, Dustin","first_name":"Dustin","last_name":"Siebert"},{"full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Brecht","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","id":"27150"},{"last_name":"Förstner","first_name":"Jens","orcid":"0000-0001-7059-9862","full_name":"Förstner, Jens","id":"158"},{"id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2025-07-25","location":"Malaga, Spain","name":"META 2025 - The 15th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics","start_date":"2025-07-22"},"date_updated":"2025-05-23T06:11:20Z","_id":"60022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"30525"},{"oa":"1","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Li, Donghao, Qiming Liao, Beining Xu, Thomas Zentgraf, Emmanuel Narvaez Castaneda, Yaoting Zhou, Keyu Qin, Zhongxiao Xu, Heng Shen, and Lingling Huang. “In Vacuum Metasurface for Optical Microtrap Array.” <i>Optics Express</i> 33, no. 24 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201</a>.","short":"D. Li, Q. Liao, B. Xu, T. Zentgraf, E. Narvaez Castaneda, Y. Zhou, K. Qin, Z. Xu, H. Shen, L. Huang, Optics Express 33 (2025).","ieee":"D. Li <i>et al.</i>, “In vacuum metasurface for optical microtrap array,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 24, Art. no. 51085, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201\">10.1364/oe.580201</a>.","apa":"Li, D., Liao, Q., Xu, B., Zentgraf, T., Narvaez Castaneda, E., Zhou, Y., Qin, K., Xu, Z., Shen, H., &#38; Huang, L. (2025). In vacuum metasurface for optical microtrap array. <i>Optics Express</i>, <i>33</i>(24), Article 51085. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201</a>","bibtex":"@article{Li_Liao_Xu_Zentgraf_Narvaez Castaneda_Zhou_Qin_Xu_Shen_Huang_2025, title={In vacuum metasurface for optical microtrap array}, volume={33}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201\">10.1364/oe.580201</a>}, number={2451085}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Li, Donghao and Liao, Qiming and Xu, Beining and Zentgraf, Thomas and Narvaez Castaneda, Emmanuel and Zhou, Yaoting and Qin, Keyu and Xu, Zhongxiao and Shen, Heng and Huang, Lingling}, year={2025} }","ama":"Li D, Liao Q, Xu B, et al. In vacuum metasurface for optical microtrap array. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2025;33(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201\">10.1364/oe.580201</a>","mla":"Li, Donghao, et al. “In Vacuum Metasurface for Optical Microtrap Array.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 24, 51085, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.580201\">10.1364/oe.580201</a>."},"user_id":"30525","volume":33,"_id":"62286","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","status":"public","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"date_created":"2025-11-24T06:31:17Z","abstract":[{"text":"Optical tweezer arrays of laser-cooled and individually controlled particles have revolutionized atomic, molecular, and optical physics. They afford exquisite capabilities for applications in quantum simulation of many-body physics, quantum computation, and sensing. Underlying this development is the technical maturity of generating scalable optical beams, enabled by active components and a high numerical aperture objective. However, such a complex combination of bulk optics outside the vacuum chamber is very sensitive to any vibration and drift. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a 3 × 3 static tweezer array with a single chip-scale multifunctional metasurface element in vacuum, replacing the meter-long free space optics. Fluorescence counts on the camera validate the successful trapping of the atomic ensemble array and showcase a promising strategy for integrated photonics with cold atom systems. The introduction of a polarization independent dual-wavelength metasurface significantly enhances fluorescence collection efficiency while reducing experimental complexity. This approach paves the way for scalable neutral atom platforms and offers a compelling route towards the realization of next generation quantum metasurfaces.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"24","publication":"Optics Express","doi":"10.1364/oe.580201","article_number":"51085","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-33-24-51085","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-11-24T06:35:19Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        33","year":"2025","title":"In vacuum metasurface for optical microtrap array","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Donghao","full_name":"Li, Donghao"},{"first_name":"Qiming","last_name":"Liao","full_name":"Liao, Qiming"},{"full_name":"Xu, Beining","first_name":"Beining","last_name":"Xu"},{"full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","id":"30525"},{"last_name":"Narvaez Castaneda","first_name":"Emmanuel","full_name":"Narvaez Castaneda, Emmanuel"},{"last_name":"Zhou","first_name":"Yaoting","full_name":"Zhou, Yaoting"},{"first_name":"Keyu","last_name":"Qin","full_name":"Qin, Keyu"},{"full_name":"Xu, Zhongxiao","first_name":"Zhongxiao","last_name":"Xu"},{"last_name":"Shen","first_name":"Heng","full_name":"Shen, Heng"},{"full_name":"Huang, Lingling","last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Lingling"}]},{"date_created":"2025-09-18T11:09:30Z","type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"790"}],"publication":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &amp;amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","citation":{"mla":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, et al. “Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly.” <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>, IEEE, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Devaraj_Ruiz Alvarado_Lee_Oh_Gerstmann_Schmidt_Zentgraf_2025, title={Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>}, booktitle={2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Devaraj, Vasanthan and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Lee, Jongmin and Oh, Jin-Woo and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2025} }","ama":"Devaraj V, Ruiz Alvarado IA, Lee J, et al. Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly. In: <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>. IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>","ieee":"V. Devaraj <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly,” 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>.","apa":"Devaraj, V., Ruiz Alvarado, I. A., Lee, J., Oh, J.-W., Gerstmann, U., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2025). Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly. <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>","chicago":"Devaraj, Vasanthan, Isaac Azahel Ruiz Alvarado, Jongmin Lee, Jin-Woo Oh, Uwe Gerstmann, Wolf Gero Schmidt, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly.” In <i>2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762\">https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762</a>.","short":"V. Devaraj, I.A. Ruiz Alvarado, J. Lee, J.-W. Oh, U. Gerstmann, W.G. Schmidt, T. Zentgraf, in: 2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &#38;amp;Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC), IEEE, 2025."},"publisher":"IEEE","_id":"61352","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762","user_id":"16199","year":"2025","title":"Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly","status":"public","author":[{"id":"103814","first_name":"Vasanthan","last_name":"Devaraj","full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan"},{"id":"79462","first_name":"Isaac Azahel","orcid":"0000-0002-4710-1170","last_name":"Ruiz Alvarado","full_name":"Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel"},{"last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Jongmin","full_name":"Lee, Jongmin"},{"last_name":"Oh","first_name":"Jin-Woo","full_name":"Oh, Jin-Woo"},{"id":"171","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe","first_name":"Uwe","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X","last_name":"Gerstmann"},{"id":"468","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076"},{"first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:32:18Z","publication_status":"published"},{"publication":"Nanoscale Horizons","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a cost-effective self-assembly method to fabricate low-density dimer NPs in an NPoM architecture, using the M13 phage as a spacer layer. This will enable the development of dynamic plasmonic devices and advanced sensing applications."}],"date_created":"2025-02-14T08:13:10Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"27"}],"year":"2025","title":"Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2055-6756","2055-6764"]},"author":[{"id":"103814","first_name":"Vasanthan","last_name":"Devaraj","full_name":"Devaraj, Vasanthan"},{"id":"79462","orcid":"0000-0002-4710-1170","last_name":"Ruiz Alvarado","first_name":"Isaac Azahel","full_name":"Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel"},{"full_name":"Lee, Jong-Min","last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Jong-Min"},{"full_name":"Oh, Jin-Woo","first_name":"Jin-Woo","last_name":"Oh"},{"id":"171","last_name":"Gerstmann","first_name":"Uwe","orcid":"0000-0002-4476-223X","full_name":"Gerstmann, Uwe"},{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","id":"468"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"}],"date_updated":"2025-07-09T14:04:39Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        10","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1039/d4nh00546e","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Devaraj_Ruiz Alvarado_Lee_Oh_Gerstmann_Schmidt_Zentgraf_2025, title={Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>}, journal={Nanoscale Horizons}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Devaraj, Vasanthan and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Lee, Jong-Min and Oh, Jin-Woo and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2025}, pages={537–548} }","short":"V. 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Devaraj <i>et al.</i>, “Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror,” <i>Nanoscale Horizons</i>, vol. 10, pp. 537–548, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nh00546e\">10.1039/d4nh00546e</a>.","apa":"Devaraj, V., Ruiz Alvarado, I. A., Lee, J.-M., Oh, J.-W., Gerstmann, U., Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2025). 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Di Renzo, Journal of Physics: Photonics (2024).","chicago":"Cui, Tie Jun, Shuang Zhang, Andrea Alu, Martin Wegener, John Pendry, Jie Luo, Yun Lai, et al. “Roadmap on Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.","ieee":"T. J. Cui <i>et al.</i>, “Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.","apa":"Cui, T. J., Zhang, S., Alu, A., Wegener, M., Pendry, J., Luo, J., Lai, Y., Wang, Z., Lin, X., Chen, H., Chen, P., Wu, R.-X., Yin, Y., Zhao, P., Chen, H., Li, Y., Zhou, Z., Engheta, N., Asadchy, V. S., … Di Renzo, M. (2024). Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>","bibtex":"@article{Cui_Zhang_Alu_Wegener_Pendry_Luo_Lai_Wang_Lin_Chen_et al._2024, title={Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Cui, Tie Jun and Zhang, Shuang and Alu, Andrea and Wegener, Martin and Pendry, John and Luo, Jie and Lai, Yun and Wang, Zuojia and Lin, Xiao and Chen, Hongsheng and et al.}, year={2024} }","ama":"Cui TJ, Zhang S, Alu A, et al. Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>","mla":"Cui, Tie Jun, et al. “Roadmap on Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>."},"publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics"},{"type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"date_created":"2025-05-23T06:30:36Z","project":[{"grant_number":"231447078","_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"name":"TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"name":"TRR 142 - A09: TRR 142 - Erzeugung von Drei-Photonen-Zuständen mit On-Chip Pumplichtunterdrückung in topologischen Wellenleitern (A09*)","_id":"164","grant_number":"231447078"}],"publication":"Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics","citation":{"mla":"Wetter, Helene, et al. “Dielectric Metasurface for Wave-Vector Variant and Circular Polarization Dependent Transmission.” <i>Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>, 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Wetter_Gao_Rehberg_Wingenbach_Schumacher_Zentgraf_2024, title={Dielectric metasurface for wave-vector variant and circular polarization dependent transmission}, booktitle={Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics}, author={Wetter, Helene and Gao, Wenlong and Rehberg, Falk and Wingenbach, Jan and Schumacher, Stefan and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2024} }","ama":"Wetter H, Gao W, Rehberg F, Wingenbach J, Schumacher S, Zentgraf T. Dielectric metasurface for wave-vector variant and circular polarization dependent transmission. In: <i>Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>. ; 2024.","ieee":"H. Wetter, W. Gao, F. Rehberg, J. Wingenbach, S. Schumacher, and T. Zentgraf, “Dielectric metasurface for wave-vector variant and circular polarization dependent transmission,” presented at the META 2024 - The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, Toyama, Japan, 2024.","apa":"Wetter, H., Gao, W., Rehberg, F., Wingenbach, J., Schumacher, S., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2024). Dielectric metasurface for wave-vector variant and circular polarization dependent transmission. <i>Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>. META 2024 - The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, Toyama, Japan.","short":"H. Wetter, W. Gao, F. Rehberg, J. Wingenbach, S. Schumacher, T. Zentgraf, in: Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, 2024.","chicago":"Wetter, Helene, Wenlong Gao, Falk Rehberg, Jan Wingenbach, Stefan Schumacher, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Dielectric Metasurface for Wave-Vector Variant and Circular Polarization Dependent Transmission.” In <i>Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics</i>, 2024."},"user_id":"30525","_id":"60023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-05-23T06:34:16Z","year":"2024","title":"Dielectric metasurface for wave-vector variant and circular polarization dependent transmission","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2429-1390"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Wetter, Helene","first_name":"Helene","last_name":"Wetter"},{"full_name":"Gao, Wenlong","first_name":"Wenlong","last_name":"Gao"},{"first_name":"Falk","last_name":"Rehberg","full_name":"Rehberg, Falk"},{"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Wingenbach","full_name":"Wingenbach, Jan","id":"69187"},{"last_name":"Schumacher","first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan","id":"27271"},{"full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","first_name":"Thomas","id":"30525"}],"conference":{"location":"Toyama, Japan","name":"META 2024 - The 14th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics","start_date":"2024-07-16","end_date":"2024-07-19"}},{"status":"public","volume":10,"user_id":"30525","_id":"49607","funded_apc":"1","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","page":"4357-4366","project":[{"_id":"170","grant_number":"231447078","name":"TRR 142 - B09: TRR 142 - Effiziente Erzeugung mit maßgeschneiderter optischer Phaselage der zweiten Harmonischen mittels Quasi-gebundener Zustände in GaAs Metaoberflächen (B09*)"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B: TRR 142 - Project Area B","_id":"55"},{"_id":"53","grant_number":"231447078","name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Liu B, Geromel R, Su Z, et al. Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design. <i>ACS Photonics</i>. 2023;10(12):4357-4366. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163\">10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163</a>","bibtex":"@article{Liu_Geromel_Su_Guo_Wang_Guo_Huang_Zentgraf_2023, title={Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163\">10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163</a>}, number={12}, journal={ACS Photonics}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Liu, Bingyi and Geromel, René and Su, Zhaoxian and Guo, Kai and Wang, Yongtian and Guo, Zhongyi and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2023}, pages={4357–4366} }","mla":"Liu, Bingyi, et al. “Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 12, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023, pp. 4357–66, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163\">10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163</a>.","short":"B. Liu, R. Geromel, Z. Su, K. Guo, Y. Wang, Z. Guo, L. Huang, T. Zentgraf, ACS Photonics 10 (2023) 4357–4366.","chicago":"Liu, Bingyi, René Geromel, Zhaoxian Su, Kai Guo, Yongtian Wang, Zhongyi Guo, Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design.” <i>ACS Photonics</i> 10, no. 12 (2023): 4357–66. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163</a>.","apa":"Liu, B., Geromel, R., Su, Z., Guo, K., Wang, Y., Guo, Z., Huang, L., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2023). Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design. <i>ACS Photonics</i>, <i>10</i>(12), 4357–4366. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163</a>","ieee":"B. Liu <i>et al.</i>, “Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design,” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 4357–4366, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163\">10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163</a>."},"oa":"1","intvolume":"        10","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2024-04-16T06:47:40Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2330-4022","2330-4022"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Liu, Bingyi","first_name":"Bingyi","last_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Geromel, René","last_name":"Geromel","first_name":"René"},{"first_name":"Zhaoxian","last_name":"Su","full_name":"Su, Zhaoxian"},{"full_name":"Guo, Kai","first_name":"Kai","last_name":"Guo"},{"first_name":"Yongtian","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Yongtian"},{"last_name":"Guo","first_name":"Zhongyi","full_name":"Guo, Zhongyi"},{"full_name":"Huang, Lingling","last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Lingling"},{"id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101"}],"year":"2023","title":"Nonlinear Dielectric Geometric-Phase Metasurface with Simultaneous Structure and Lattice Symmetry Design","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01163","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this work, we utilize thin dielectric meta-atoms placed on a silver substrate to efficiently enhance and manipulate the third-harmonic generation. We theoretically and experimentally reveal that when the structural symmetry of the meta-atom is incompatible with the lattice symmetry of an array, some generalized nonlinear geometric phases appear, which offers new possibilities for harmonic generation control beyond the accessible symmetries governed by the selection rule. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the modified rotation of the effective principal axis of a dense meta-atom array, where the strong coupling among the units gives rise to a generalized linear geometric phase modulation of the pump light. Therefore, nonlinear geometric phases carried by third-harmonic emissions are the natural result of the wave-mixing process among the modes excited at the fundamental frequency. This mechanism further points out a new strategy to predict the nonlinear geometric phases delivered by the nanostructures according to their linear responses. Our design is simple and efficient and offers alternatives for the nonlinear meta-devices that are capable of flexible photon generation and manipulation."}],"publication":"ACS Photonics","issue":"12","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Biotechnology","Electronic","Optical and Magnetic Materials"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-12-13T14:11:41Z"},{"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"T. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, T. Zentgraf, and L. Huang, “Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface,” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 122, no. 14, Art. no. 141702, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389\">10.1063/5.0142389</a>.","apa":"Li, T., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Zentgraf, T., &#38; Huang, L. (2023). Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, <i>122</i>(14), Article 141702. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389</a>","short":"T. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, T. Zentgraf, L. Huang, Applied Physics Letters 122 (2023).","chicago":"Li, Tianyou, Yanjie Chen, Yongtian Wang, Thomas Zentgraf, and Lingling Huang. “Three-Dimensional Dipole Momentum Analog Based on L-Shape Metasurface.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i> 122, no. 14 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389</a>.","mla":"Li, Tianyou, et al. “Three-Dimensional Dipole Momentum Analog Based on L-Shape Metasurface.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 122, no. 14, 141702, AIP Publishing, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389\">10.1063/5.0142389</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Li_Chen_Wang_Zentgraf_Huang_2023, title={Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface}, volume={122}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389\">10.1063/5.0142389</a>}, number={14141702}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Li, Tianyou and Chen, Yanjie and Wang, Yongtian and Zentgraf, Thomas and Huang, Lingling}, year={2023} }","ama":"Li T, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zentgraf T, Huang L. Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. 2023;122(14). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142389\">10.1063/5.0142389</a>"},"status":"public","volume":122,"user_id":"30525","_id":"43421","publisher":"AIP Publishing","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The achievement of a flat metasurface has realized extraordinary control over light–matter interaction at the nanoscale, enabling widespread use in imaging, holography, and biophotonics. However, three-dimensional metasurfaces with the potential to provide additional light–matter manipulation flexibility attract only little interest. Here, we demonstrate a three-dimensional metasurface scheme capable of providing dual phase control through out-of-plane plasmonic resonance of L-shape antennas. Under circularly polarized excitation at a specific wavelength, the L-shape antennas with rotating orientation angle act as spatially variant three-dimensional tilted dipoles and are able to generate desire phase delay for different polarization components. Generalized Snell's law is achieved for both in-plane and out-of-plane dipole components through arranging such L-shape antennas into arrays. These three-dimensional metasurfaces suggest a route for wavefront modulation and a variety of nanophotonic applications."}],"publication":"Applied Physics Letters","issue":"14","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"keyword":["Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-04-06T06:01:06Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       122","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-04-06T06:02:58Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Tianyou","full_name":"Li, Tianyou"},{"last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Yanjie","full_name":"Chen, Yanjie"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Yongtian","full_name":"Wang, Yongtian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Zentgraf","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525"},{"full_name":"Huang, Lingling","first_name":"Lingling","last_name":"Huang"}],"year":"2023","title":"Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface","doi":"10.1063/5.0142389","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"141702"}]