@inproceedings{41474, author = {{Seifert, Andreas and Schaper, Niclas}}, booktitle = {{Tagung „Kompetenzdiagnose und Kompetenzentwicklung in der Lehrerbildung“ des CEVET und PLAZ}}, location = {{Paderborn}}, title = {{{Erste Ergebnisse zur Messung pädagogischer Kompetenz in der universitären Lehrerausbildung.}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{41473, author = {{Seifert, Andreas and Schaper, Niclas and Hilligus, Annegret Helen and Grafe, Silke}}, booktitle = {{AEPF-Tagung „Kompetenz – Modellierung – Diagnostik – Entwicklung – Förderung“}}, location = {{Kiel}}, title = {{{Messung erziehungswissenschaftlicher Kompetenz in der Lehrerausbildung.}}}, year = {{2008}}, } @book{31673, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, publisher = {{Junius}}, title = {{{Jean Piaget zur Einführung}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{28946, abstract = {{The present study explores the deployment of attention towards nonconscious information. It is both theoretically and empirically likely that the deployment of attention can be controlled by information which is not consciously registered (attentional priming), similar to the control of sensorimotor responses by nonconscious information (response priming). However, not much is known about the functional basis of attentional priming. The present experiment explore whether and how strongly intentions (current action pans) determine whether attention is allocated towards invisible information (so called direct parameter specification). The results demonstrate that intention-mediated control is possible, but it seems to break down easily, that is to provide a weak and non-robust type of control.}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, journal = {{The 5th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems}}, keywords = {{visuo-spatial attention, metacontrast, masking, intention, direct parameter specification, perceptual latency, priming}}, title = {{{Control of Attention by Nonconscious Information: Do Intentions Play a Role?}}}, doi = {{10.2390/BIECOLL-ICVS2007-158}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6087, abstract = {{Visual backward masking is frequently used to study the temporal dynamics of visual perception. These dynamics may include the temporal features of conscious percepts, as suggested, for instance, by the asynchronous-updating model (Neumann, 1982) and perceptual-retouch theory (Bachmann, 1994). These models predict that the perceptual latency of a visual backward mask is shorter than that of a like reference stimulus that was not preceded by a masked stimulus. The prediction has been confirmed by studies using temporal-order judgments: For certain asynchronies between mask and reference stimulus, temporal-order reversals are quite frequent (e.g. Scharlau, & Neumann, 2003a). However, it may be argued that these reversals were due to a response bias in favour of the mask rather than true temporal-perceptual effects. I introduce two measures for assessing latency effects that (1) are not prone to such a response bias, (2) allow to quantify the latency gain, and (3) extend the perceptual e}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{1895-1171}}, journal = {{Advances in Cognitive Psychology}}, keywords = {{temporal processes, prime mask interaction, perceptual consequences, masked information, visual backward masking, visual perception, Temporal Lobe, Visual Masking, Visual Perception, Consequence}}, number = {{1-2}}, pages = {{241 -- 255}}, title = {{{Temporal processes in prime-mask interaction: Assessing perceptual consequences of masked information.}}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6070, abstract = {{The Fehrer-Raab effect (simple reaction time is unaffected by metacontrast masking of the test stimulus) seems to imply that a stimulus can trigger a voluntary reaction without reaching a conscious representation. However, it is also possible that the mask triggers the reaction, and that the masked test stimulus causes a focussing of attention from which processing of the mask profits, thus reaching conscious representation earlier. This is predicted by the Weather Station Model of visual masking. Three experiments tested this explanation. Experiment 1 showed that the masked test stimulus caused a temporal shift of the mask. Experiment 2 showed that the reaction in the Fehrer-Raab effect was not exclusively triggered by a conscious representation of the test stimulus: the mask was involved in evoking the reaction. Experiment 3 again revealed a temporal shift of the mask. However, the shift was only about half as large as the Fehrer-Raab effect. The psychometric functions suggested tha}}, author = {{Neumann, Odmar and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{Fehrer-Raab effect, Weather Station Model, visual backward masking, reaction time, metacontrast masking, conscious representation, Cognition, Humans, Perceptual Masking, Pilot Projects, Psychology, Experimental, Psychometrics, Reaction Time, Visual Perception, Models, Reaction Time, Visual Contrast, Visual Masking}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{667 -- 677}}, title = {{{Experiments on the Fehrer-Raab effect and the 'Weather Station Model' of visual backward masking.}}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6093, abstract = {{The U-shaped metacontrast function may result from the superimposition of two monotonic components which reflect the effects of mechanisms similar to the peripheral and central processes suggested for backward pattern masking by Turvey (Psychol Rev 80:1-52, 1973). In an experiment using the disc-ring paradigm, it was demonstrated that the decreasing and increasing branches of the metacontrast function are differently affected by the exposure duration of the mask and a task-irrelevant stimulus (distractor) appearing in the contralateral visual hemifield. The phenomenal representation of masking is different for the two parts of the curve. It is suggested that masking in the second part of the masking function, but not in the first, is related to the control of visual attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Neumann, Odmar and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{visual attention, metacontrast, backward pattern masking, monotonic components superimposition, Attention, Contrast Sensitivity, Humans, Judgment, Perceptual Masking, Visual Perception, Metacognition, Visual Contrast, Visual Attention, Visual Masking}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{626 -- 633}}, title = {{{Visual attention and the mechanism of metacontrast.}}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6079, abstract = {{The present paper reviews recent research on perceptual latency priming (PLP). PLP is the relative latency advantage--earlier perception--of a visual stimulus that is preceded by another, masked stimulus at its location. The first stimulus attracts attention which accelerates perception of the second stimulus. This facilitation arises even if the first stimulus is visually backward-masked by the second one. The paper summarises research on temporal and spatial properties of PLP and the question whether intentions mediate shifts of attention to external events. Possible sources of PLP besides visuo-spatial attention are discussed. Finally, I give a review of feedforward and reentrant models of PLP and compare them to the empirical evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{perceptual latency priming, attentional facilitation, visuospatial attention, visual backward masking, prior entry, Attention, Humans, Judgment, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Attention, Priming, Response Latency, Visual Masking, Visuospatial Ability}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{678 -- 686}}, title = {{{Perceptual latency priming: A measure of attentional facilitation.}}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2007}}, } @misc{32461, author = {{Buhl, Heike M.}}, title = {{{Die Beziehung zwischen Erwachsenen und ihren Eltern. Individuation und biographische Übergänge}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{32514, abstract = {{The fact that there is a specific age marking the emergence of adulthood in the United States has been well documented. The starting point for the studies included in this special issue is the assumption that the same can be said for European countries. Thus, a comparison of characteristics of emerging adulthood between different European countries was performed. In this special issue, contributions of scholars from five different European countries are taken as representative of different regions: Spain, Italy, Finland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The efforts of the research are twofold. The first is to look at how the traditional markers of adulthood have changed and how the concept of adulthood is seen in the different countries. The second is to highlight the influence that the entrance into the working world and romantic partnership have on emerging adults and to detect the impact of the timing of entering adulthood on identity achievement. The results are presented here as different pathways that emerging adults follow to reach the same goal of mature adulthood.}}, author = {{Buhl, Heike M. and Lanz, Margherita}}, journal = {{Journal of Adolescent Research}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{439 -- 443}}, title = {{{Emerging adulthood in Europe. Common traits and variability across five European countries}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558407306345}}, volume = {{22}}, year = {{2007}}, } @phdthesis{41368, author = {{Seifert, Andreas}}, publisher = {{Waxmann}}, title = {{{Gefährlichkeitseinschätzung von Autofahrern, Motorradfahrern und Radfahrern. Psychometrische Modellierung der Prognose durch verschiedene Gefahrenaspekte und ihr Beitrag zur Klärung von Unterschieden zwischen jungen und nicht-jungen Verkehrsteilnehmern.}}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{32511, abstract = {{This longitudinal study addresses the impact of the transition from university to work life on emerging adults' well-being and their relationship with their parents. A sample of 102 German students attending their last year at the university (M = 25.44 years, SD = 2.61) completed a questionnaire. Among others, scales from the Network of Relationships Inventory and symptom checklists were administered. Four years later, 51 employed participants of the initial sample were contacted again. During the transition from university to work life, well-being and the relationship with their parents improved. Following a typological approach, two groups of emerging adults were revealed by means of cluster analyses. Well-being in one group increased, whereas well-being in the second group decreased. Group membership was predicted by sex, personality, and the child–parent relationship in university times.}}, author = {{Buhl, Heike M.}}, journal = {{Journal of Adolescent Research}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{550 -- 571}}, title = {{{Well-being and the child-parent relationship at the transition from university to work life}}}, doi = {{10.1177/0743558407305415}}, volume = {{22}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6092, abstract = {{The topic of the present edition is visual masking paradigms-as powerful tool for demonstrating the processing of nonconscious visual information. In the present issue one article presents an improved methodology for disentangling perceptual and temporal influences in markers. Another paper demonstrates that preemptive control, or DPS, mediates the allocation of attention towards possible targets. One of the contributions specify conditions under which DPS-like effects are found as opposed to conditions under which stimulus-driven effects are found. A study of two illusions which the prime may cause in a trailing stimulus, a temporal pre-dating of the mask and a perception of motion in later stimuli adjacent to the prime is presented in the issue. Another contribution addresses how the percept of a stimulus is altered by a temporal and spatial interplay of two backward masks or of one forward mask and two backwards masks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich and Breitmeyer, Bruno G.}}, issn = {{1895-1171}}, journal = {{Advances in Cognitive Psychology}}, keywords = {{visual masking, visual information, attention, stimulus-driven effects, motion perception, Attention, Illusions (Perception), Motion Perception, Visual Masking}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{1 -- 5}}, title = {{{Trends and styles in visual masking.}}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6073, abstract = {{The paper is concerned with two models of early visual processing which predict that priming of a visual mask by a preceding masked stimulus speeds up conscious perception of the mask (perceptual latency priming). One model ascribes this speed-up to facilitation by visuo-spatial attention [Scharlau, I., & Neumann, O. (2003a). Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional explanation. Psychological Research 67, 184-197], the other attributes it to nonspecific upgrading mediated by retino-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways [Bachmann, T. (1994). Psychophysiology of visual masking: The fine structure of conscious experience. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers]. The models make different predictions about the time course of perceptual latency priming. Four experiments test these predictions. The results provide more support for the attentional than for the upgrading model. The experiments further demonstrate that testing latency facilitation w}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot}}, issn = {{0001-6918}}, journal = {{Acta Psychologica}}, keywords = {{latency facilitation, temporal order judgments, visual processing, priming, conscious perception, visual mask, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Perceptual Masking, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Time Perception, Visual Perception, Consciousness States, Judgment, Priming, Visual Masking, Temporal Order (Judgment)}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{129 -- 159}}, title = {{{Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.}}}, volume = {{122}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6076, abstract = {{In the present study, we examined whether the detection advantage for negative-face targets in crowds of positive-face distractors over positive-face targets in crowds of negative faces can be explained by differentially efficient distractor rejection. Search Condition A demonstrated more efficient distractor rejection with negative-face targets in positive-face crowds than vice versa. Search Condition B showed that target identity alone is not sufficient to account for this effect, because there was no difference in processing efficiency for positive- and negative-face targets within neutral crowds. Search Condition C showed differentially efficient processing with neutral-face targets among positive- or negative-face distractors. These results were obtained with both a within-participants (Experiment 1) and a between-participants (Experiment 2) design. The pattern of results is consistent with the assumption that efficient rejection of positive (more homogenous) distractors is an im}}, author = {{Horstmann, Gernot and Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich}}, issn = {{1069-9384}}, journal = {{Psychonomic Bulletin & Review}}, keywords = {{angry face distractors, visual search, negative face distractors, Adult, Anger, Attention, Face, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Rejection (Psychology), Visual Perception, Distraction, Face Perception, Visual Perception, Visual Search}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{1067 -- 1073}}, title = {{{More efficient rejection of happy than of angry face distractors in visual search.}}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6094, abstract = {{In the current study, we tested whether search for a visual motion singleton presented among several coherently moving distractors can be more efficient than search for a motion stimulus presented with a single distractor. Under a variety of conditions, multiple spatially distributed and coherently moving distractors facilitated search for a uniquely moving target relative to a single-motion-distractor condition (Experiments 1,3, and 4). Color coherencies among static distractors were not equally effective (Experiments 1 and 2). These results confirm that humans are highly sensitive to antagonistically directed motion signals in backgrounds compared with spatially more confined regions of visual images. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Ansorge, Ulrich and Scharlau, Ingrid and Labudda, Kirsten}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{visual search, motion singleton, visual images, visual motion, coherently moving distractors, Adult, Attention, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Visual Perception, Motion Perception, Stimulus Salience, Visual Search, Distraction, Retinal Image}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{103 -- 116}}, title = {{{Visual search for a motion singleton among coherently moving distractors.}}}, volume = {{70}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6077, abstract = {{The phenomena of illusory line motion and perceptual latency priming are both assumed to reflect a facilitation of perceptual latency. The explanation of illusory line motion presupposes that attention is distributed in a gradient fashion whereas this is not a necessary part of the explanation of perceptual latency priming. Two experiments test whether an attentional gradient is present in perceptual latency priming. Evidence for a gradient was found within 2.5° of visual angle around the attended location, but not at a distance of 5° and more. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid and Horstmann, Gernot}}, issn = {{1895-1171}}, journal = {{Advances in Cognitive Psychology}}, keywords = {{perceptual latency priming, illusory line motion, attention, visual angle, Illusions (Perception), Priming, Visual Field, Visual Perception, Visual Attention, Spatial Orientation (Perception)}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{87 -- 97}}, title = {{{Perceptual latency priming and illusory line motion: Facilitation by gradients of attention?}}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{32510, abstract = {{Der Regulationstheorie der Sprachproduktion folgend gibt eine Ist-Soll-Diskrepanz jenseits tolerierbarer Grenzen ggf. den Anstoß zum Sprachproduktionsprozess, der in eine Äußerung mündet (vgl. Herrmann & Grabowski, 2003). Wir nehmen an, dass die Stärke der Ist-Soll-Diskrepanz die Häufigkeit der Verbalisierung von Soll- und Ist-Informationen in der sprachlichen Äußerung beeinflusst. Bei starkem Ziel werden mehr Soll-Informationen erwartet als bei schwachem Ziel. In zwei Rollenspielexperimenten wurden Äußerungen Jugendlicher in Konfliktgesprächen mit der Mutter erhoben, wobei die Stärke der Ist-Soll-Diskrepanz, operationalisiert über die Bedeutsamkeit des Zieles in einer Konfliktsituation, variiert wurde. Um Einflüssen der Kommunikationssituation nachzugehen, wurde das erste Experiment mündlich (N = 53), das zweite schriftlich (N = 131) durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden schriftlich mehr Soll-Informationen verbalisiert. Im mündlichen Rollenspielexperiment fanden sich wie erwartet bei starkem Ziel mehr Soll-Informationen als bei schwachem Ziel. Im schriftlichen Rollenvorstellungsexperiment dagegen waren bei starkem Ziel sogar weniger Soll-Informationen zu verzeichnen, was unter Berücksichtigung situationaler Unterschiede zwischen mündlicher und schriftlicher Sprachproduktion diskutiert wird.}}, author = {{Buhl, Heike M. and Hofer, Manfred and Lege, Thomas}}, journal = {{Zeitschrift für Psychologie}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{48 -- 58}}, title = {{{Kommunikative Regulation und sprachlicher Ausdruck von Soll-Ist-Diskrepanzen in mündlichen und schriftlichen Äußerungen}}}, volume = {{214}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6069, abstract = {{Most models of visuospatial attention include the notion that attention is dedicated to a single location in space. However, several researchers have found evidence that under appropriate circumstances, attention may be allocated to noncontiguous locations (e.g., Awn & Pashler, 2000; Bichot, Cave, & Pashler, 1999; Kramer & Hahn, 1995). In the present experiments, the spatial distribution of attention was assessed by a novel method, perceptual latency priming: the latency benefit of an attended visual stimulus, as compared with a nonattended stimulus. Experiment 1 assessed whether observers are able to attend to two nonadjacent regions or a region of variable size. Experiment 2 tested whether, when two distant locations are attended to, the region between them is necessarily also in the focus of attention. Two further experiments controlled for objections against the method used and replicated the main results of the first two experiments. The experiments showed a robust attentional pr}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0031-5117}}, journal = {{Perception & Psychophysics}}, keywords = {{visuospatial attention, priming paradigm, spatial distribution, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Attention, Priming, Spatial Perception, Visuospatial Ability}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{988 -- 1002}}, title = {{{Evidence for split foci of attention in a priming paradigm.}}}, volume = {{66}}, year = {{2004}}, } @inbook{31685, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, booktitle = {{Dynamic Perception 2004: Workshop of GI section 1.0.4 "Image Understanding" and the European Networks MUHCI and ECOVISION}}, editor = {{Würtz, Rolf P. and Lappe, Michael}}, pages = {{127 -- 133}}, publisher = {{AKA IOS Press}}, title = {{{Illusory line motion and perceptual latency priming: Two alternative measures for attentional facilitation}}}, year = {{2004}}, }