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Springer Nature; 2025:89-118."},"page":"89-118","publisher":"Springer Nature","_id":"59752","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"451","editor":[{"last_name":"Scharlau","first_name":"Ingrid","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"},{"last_name":"Bender","first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Bender, Elena"},{"full_name":"Patrzek, Justine","last_name":"Patrzek","first_name":"Justine"},{"full_name":"Schreiber, Christine","last_name":"Schreiber","first_name":"Christine"}],"title":"Psychologiedidaktik durch Analyse von Kommunikation","status":"public","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-662-69480-0"],"eisbn":["978-3-662-69481-7"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","first_name":"Ingrid","id":"451"},{"id":"82463","full_name":"Patrzek, Justine","last_name":"Patrzek","first_name":"Justine"},{"last_name":"Schreiber","first_name":"Christine","full_name":"Schreiber, Christine"}],"date_updated":"2025-05-02T07:10:02Z"},{"publication":"Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien","citation":{"chicago":"Scharlau, Ingrid, and Schreiber Christine. “Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen.” In <i>Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien</i>, edited by Ingrid Scharlau, Elena Bender, Justine Patrzek, and Christine Schreiber, 271–300. Berlin: Springer Nature, 2025.","short":"I. Scharlau, S. Christine, in: I. Scharlau, E. Bender, J. Patrzek, C. Schreiber (Eds.), Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien, Springer Nature, Berlin, 2025, pp. 271–300.","ieee":"I. Scharlau and S. Christine, “Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen,” in <i>Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien</i>, I. Scharlau, E. Bender, J. Patrzek, and C. Schreiber, Eds. Berlin: Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 271–300.","apa":"Scharlau, I., &#38; Christine, S. (2025). Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen. In I. Scharlau, E. Bender, J. Patrzek, &#38; C. Schreiber (Eds.), <i>Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien</i> (pp. 271–300). Springer Nature.","bibtex":"@inbook{Scharlau_Christine_2025, place={Berlin}, title={Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen}, booktitle={Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Christine, Schreiber}, editor={Scharlau, Ingrid and Bender, Elena and Patrzek, Justine and Schreiber, Christine}, year={2025}, pages={271–300} }","ama":"Scharlau I, Christine S. Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen. In: Scharlau I, Bender E, Patrzek J, Schreiber C, eds. <i>Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien</i>. Springer Nature; 2025:271-300.","mla":"Scharlau, Ingrid, and Schreiber Christine. “Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen.” <i>Psychologiedidaktik an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen: Ein Lehrbuch mit Unterrichtsmaterialien</i>, edited by Ingrid Scharlau et al., Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 271–300."},"date_created":"2025-05-02T07:04:44Z","place":"Berlin","type":"book_chapter","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"year":"2025","status":"public","title":"Schreiben im Psychologieunterricht unterstützen","author":[{"id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"first_name":"Schreiber","last_name":"Christine","full_name":"Christine, Schreiber"}],"publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["978-3-662-69481-7"],"isbn":["978-3-662-69480-1"]},"date_updated":"2025-05-02T07:09:07Z","page":"271-300","_id":"59753","publisher":"Springer Nature","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"user_id":"451","editor":[{"first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"},{"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Bender","full_name":"Bender, Elena"},{"full_name":"Patrzek, Justine","last_name":"Patrzek","first_name":"Justine"},{"full_name":"Schreiber, Christine","last_name":"Schreiber","first_name":"Christine"}]},{"author":[{"id":"451","first_name":"Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"},{"id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","first_name":"Katharina J.","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233"}],"status":"public","title":"Agency in metaphors of explaining: An analysis of scientific texts","year":"2025","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-05-07T11:09:37Z","_id":"59839","publisher":"Center for Open Science","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://osf.io/preprints/osf/rwh9b_v1"}],"user_id":"451","citation":{"mla":"Scharlau, Ingrid, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. <i>Agency in Metaphors of Explaining: An Analysis of Scientific Texts</i>. Center for Open Science, 2025.","ama":"Scharlau I, Rohlfing KJ. Agency in metaphors of explaining: An analysis of scientific texts. Published online 2025.","bibtex":"@article{Scharlau_Rohlfing_2025, title={Agency in metaphors of explaining: An analysis of scientific texts}, publisher={Center for Open Science}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2025} }","apa":"Scharlau, I., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J. (2025). <i>Agency in metaphors of explaining: An analysis of scientific texts</i>. Center for Open Science.","ieee":"I. Scharlau and K. J. Rohlfing, “Agency in metaphors of explaining: An analysis of scientific texts.” Center for Open Science, 2025.","chicago":"Scharlau, Ingrid, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Agency in Metaphors of Explaining: An Analysis of Scientific Texts.” Center for Open Science, 2025.","short":"I. Scharlau, K.J. Rohlfing, (2025)."},"project":[{"_id":"127","name":"TRR 318 - C4: TRR 318 - Subproject C4 - Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In many scientific approaches, especially in those that try to foster explainability of Artificial Intelligences, a narrow conception of explaining prevails. This narrow conception implies that explaining is a one-directional action in which knowledge is transferred from the explainer to an addressee. By studying the amount of agency in metaphors for explaining in scientific texts, we want to find out – or at least to contribute a partial answer to the question – why this narrow conception is so dominant. For our analysis, we use a linguistic conception of agency, transitivity. This concept allows to specify the degree of agency or effectiveness of the action in a verbalised event. It is defined by several component parts. We detail and discuss both the parameters of and global transitivity. Overall, transitivity of explaining metaphors has a rather common pattern across metaphors. Agency is not high and reduced in characteristic aspects: The metaphors imply that the object of explaining is static, i.e., is not changed within the explanation, and that explaining is the activity of one person only. This pattern may account for the narrow conception of explaining. It contrasts strongly with current co-constructive or sociotechnical approaches to explainability."}],"date_created":"2025-05-07T11:00:09Z","department":[{"_id":"424"},{"_id":"749"}],"type":"preprint"},{"status":"public","publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"59756","user_id":"92810","citation":{"mla":"Visser, Roel, et al. “Trust, Distrust, and Appropriate Reliance in (X)AI: A Conceptual Clarification of User Trust and Survey of Its Empirical Evaluation.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, 101357, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357</a>.","ama":"Visser R, Peters TM, Scharlau I, Hammer B. Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357</a>","bibtex":"@article{Visser_Peters_Scharlau_Hammer_2025, title={Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357</a>}, number={101357}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Visser, Roel and Peters, Tobias Martin and Scharlau, Ingrid and Hammer, Barbara}, year={2025} }","apa":"Visser, R., Peters, T. M., Scharlau, I., &#38; Hammer, B. (2025). Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation. <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, Article 101357. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357</a>","ieee":"R. Visser, T. M. Peters, I. Scharlau, and B. Hammer, “Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation,” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, Art. no. 101357, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357\">10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357</a>.","short":"R. Visser, T.M. Peters, I. Scharlau, B. Hammer, Cognitive Systems Research (2025).","chicago":"Visser, Roel, Tobias Martin Peters, Ingrid Scharlau, and Barbara Hammer. “Trust, Distrust, and Appropriate Reliance in (X)AI: A Conceptual Clarification of User Trust and Survey of Its Empirical Evaluation.” <i>Cognitive Systems Research</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357</a>."},"project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - C1: TRR 318 - Subproject C1 - Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen","_id":"124"}],"title":"Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1389-0417"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Visser","first_name":"Roel","full_name":"Visser, Roel"},{"full_name":"Peters, Tobias Martin","first_name":"Tobias Martin","last_name":"Peters","orcid":"0009-0008-5193-6243","id":"92810"},{"id":"451","first_name":"Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"},{"full_name":"Hammer, Barbara","last_name":"Hammer","first_name":"Barbara"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-05-15T11:16:27Z","article_number":"101357","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101357","publication":"Cognitive Systems Research","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A current concern in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to ensure the trustworthiness of AI systems. The development of explainability methods is one prominent way to address this, which has often resulted in the assumption that the use of explainability will lead to an increase in the trust of users and wider society. However, the dynamics between explainability and trust are not well established and empirical investigations of their relation remain mixed or inconclusive.\r\nIn this paper we provide a detailed description of the concepts of user trust and distrust in AI and their relation to appropriate reliance. For that we draw from the fields of machine learning, human–computer interaction, and the social sciences. Based on these insights, we have created a focused study of empirical literature of existing empirical studies that investigate the effects of AI systems and XAI methods on user (dis)trust, in order to substantiate our conceptualization of trust, distrust, and reliance. With respect to our conceptual understanding we identify gaps in existing empirical work. With clarifying the concepts and summarizing the empirical studies, we aim to provide researchers, who examine user trust in AI, with an improved starting point for developing user studies to measure and evaluate the user’s attitude towards and reliance on AI systems."}],"date_created":"2025-05-02T09:26:15Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["XAI","Appropriate trust","Distrust","Reliance","Human-centric evaluation","Trustworthy AI"],"department":[{"_id":"424"},{"_id":"660"}]},{"type":"misc","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"oa":"1","date_created":"2025-05-16T10:01:58Z","project":[{"name":"TRR 318 - C4: TRR 318 - Subproject C4 - Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens","_id":"127"}],"citation":{"ieee":"P. Porwol and I. Scharlau, <i>An annotated corpus of elicited metaphors of explaining and understanding using MIPVU</i>. OSF, 2025.","apa":"Porwol, P., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2025). <i>An annotated corpus of elicited metaphors of explaining and understanding using MIPVU</i>. OSF. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX\">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX</a>","chicago":"Porwol, Philip, and Ingrid Scharlau. <i>An Annotated Corpus of Elicited Metaphors of Explaining and Understanding Using MIPVU</i>. OSF, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX\">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX</a>.","short":"P. Porwol, I. Scharlau, An Annotated Corpus of Elicited Metaphors of Explaining and Understanding Using MIPVU, OSF, 2025.","mla":"Porwol, Philip, and Ingrid Scharlau. <i>An Annotated Corpus of Elicited Metaphors of Explaining and Understanding Using MIPVU</i>. OSF, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX\">10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX</a>.","bibtex":"@book{Porwol_Scharlau_2025, title={An annotated corpus of elicited metaphors of explaining and understanding using MIPVU}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX\">10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX</a>}, publisher={OSF}, author={Porwol, Philip and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2025} }","ama":"Porwol P, Scharlau I. <i>An Annotated Corpus of Elicited Metaphors of Explaining and Understanding Using MIPVU</i>. OSF; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX\">10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX</a>"},"user_id":"451","doi":"10.17605/OSF.IO/Y6SMX","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://osf.io/y6smx/"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"59922","publisher":"OSF","date_updated":"2025-05-16T10:02:14Z","title":"An annotated corpus of elicited metaphors of explaining and understanding using MIPVU","status":"public","year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Porwol, Philip","first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Porwol"},{"full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"Scharlau","id":"451"}]},{"intvolume":"        16","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-05-27T09:10:09Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Peters, Tobias Martin","first_name":"Tobias Martin","orcid":"0009-0008-5193-6243","last_name":"Peters","id":"92810"},{"id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","first_name":"Ingrid"}],"year":"2025","title":"Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications?","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Due to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk domains like law or medicine,\r\ntrustworthy AI and trust in AI are of increasing scientific and public relevance. A typical conception,\r\nfor example in the context of medical diagnosis, is that a knowledgeable user receives AIgenerated\r\nclassification as advice. Research to improve such interactions often aims to foster the\r\nuser’s trust, which in turn should improve the combined human-AI performance. Given that AI\r\nmodels can err, we argue that the possibility to critically review, thus to distrust, an AI decision is\r\nan equally interesting target of research.\r\nWe created two image classification scenarios in which the participants received mock-up\r\nAI advice. The quality of the advice decreases for a phase of the experiment. We studied the\r\ntask performance, trust and distrust of the participants, and tested whether an instruction to\r\nremain skeptical and review each piece of advice led to a better performance compared to a\r\nneutral condition. Our results indicate that this instruction does not improve but rather worsens\r\nthe participants’ performance. Repeated single-item self-report of trust and distrust shows an\r\nincrease in trust and a decrease in distrust after the drop in the AI’s classification quality, with no\r\ndifference between the two instructions. Furthermore, via a Bayesian Signal Detection Theory\r\nanalysis, we provide a procedure to assess appropriate reliance in detail, by quantifying whether\r\nthe problems of under- and over-reliance have been mitigated. We discuss implications of our\r\nresults for the usage of disclaimers before interacting with AI, as prominently used in current\r\nLLM-based chatbots, and for trust and distrust research.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Frontiers in Psychology","department":[{"_id":"424"},{"_id":"660"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["trust in AI","trust","distrust","human-AI interaction","Signal Detection Theory","Bayesian parameter estimation","image classification"],"date_created":"2025-05-02T09:22:39Z","status":"public","volume":16,"user_id":"92810","_id":"59755","project":[{"_id":"124","name":"TRR 318 - C1: TRR 318 - Subproject C1 - Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen"}],"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Peters_Scharlau_2025, title={Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications?}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809\">10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, author={Peters, Tobias Martin and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2025} }","ama":"Peters TM, Scharlau I. Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications? <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809\">10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809</a>","mla":"Peters, Tobias Martin, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Interacting with Fallible AI: Is Distrust Helpful When Receiving AI Misclassifications?” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 16, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809\">10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809</a>.","chicago":"Peters, Tobias Martin, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Interacting with Fallible AI: Is Distrust Helpful When Receiving AI Misclassifications?” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i> 16 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809</a>.","short":"T.M. Peters, I. Scharlau, Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2025).","ieee":"T. M. Peters and I. Scharlau, “Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications?,” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, vol. 16, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809\">10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809</a>.","apa":"Peters, T. M., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2025). Interacting with fallible AI: Is distrust helpful when receiving AI misclassifications? <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, <i>16</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1574809</a>"}},{"author":[{"full_name":"Depenbusch, Sarah","last_name":"Depenbusch","first_name":"Sarah","orcid":"0000-0003-0655-9000","id":"32536"}],"status":"public","year":"2025","title":"VR-based avatar videos as an effective tool for process training in the context of digitalization?","intvolume":"         7","date_updated":"2025-06-06T06:08:04Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"60144","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":7,"doi":"10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441","user_id":"32536","citation":{"chicago":"Depenbusch, Sarah. “VR-Based Avatar Videos as an Effective Tool for Process Training in the Context of Digitalization?” <i>Frontiers in Computer Science</i> 7, no. 1553441 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441</a>.","short":"S. Depenbusch, Frontiers in Computer Science 7 (2025).","ieee":"S. Depenbusch, “VR-based avatar videos as an effective tool for process training in the context of digitalization?,” <i>Frontiers in Computer Science</i>, vol. 7, no. 1553441, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441\">10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441</a>.","apa":"Depenbusch, S. (2025). VR-based avatar videos as an effective tool for process training in the context of digitalization? <i>Frontiers in Computer Science</i>, <i>7</i>(1553441). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441</a>","bibtex":"@article{Depenbusch_2025, title={VR-based avatar videos as an effective tool for process training in the context of digitalization?}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441\">10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441</a>}, number={1553441}, journal={Frontiers in Computer Science}, author={Depenbusch, Sarah}, year={2025} }","ama":"Depenbusch S. VR-based avatar videos as an effective tool for process training in the context of digitalization? <i>Frontiers in Computer Science</i>. 2025;7(1553441). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441\">10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441</a>","mla":"Depenbusch, Sarah. “VR-Based Avatar Videos as an Effective Tool for Process Training in the Context of Digitalization?” <i>Frontiers in Computer Science</i>, vol. 7, no. 1553441, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441\">10.3389/fcomp.2025.1553441</a>."},"publication":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issue":"1553441","date_created":"2025-06-06T06:06:51Z","department":[{"_id":"423"}],"type":"journal_article"},{"citation":{"ieee":"I. Scharlau and K. Miriam, <i>Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data corpus)</i>. OSF, 2025.","apa":"Scharlau, I., &#38; Miriam, K. (2025). <i>Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data corpus)</i>. OSF. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J\">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J</a>","mla":"Scharlau, Ingrid, and Körber Miriam. <i>Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data Corpus)</i>. OSF, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J\">10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J</a>.","bibtex":"@book{Scharlau_Miriam_2025, title={Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data corpus)}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J\">10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J</a>}, publisher={OSF}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Miriam, Körber}, year={2025} }","ama":"Scharlau I, Miriam K. <i>Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data Corpus)</i>. OSF; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J\">10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J</a>","short":"I. Scharlau, K. Miriam, Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data Corpus), OSF, 2025.","chicago":"Scharlau, Ingrid, and Körber Miriam. <i>Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data Corpus)</i>. OSF, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J\">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J</a>."},"project":[{"_id":"127","name":"TRR 318 - C4: TRR 318 - Subproject C4 - Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens"}],"date_created":"2025-05-16T09:57:56Z","type":"misc","oa":"1","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"title":"Metaphors in 24 WIRED Level 5 Videos (Data corpus)","status":"public","year":"2025","author":[{"id":"451","last_name":"Scharlau","first_name":"Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"},{"last_name":"Miriam","first_name":"Körber","full_name":"Miriam, Körber"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-16T08:57:15Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://osf.io/94a2j/"}],"_id":"59921","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"OSF","doi":"10.17605/OSF.IO/94A2J","user_id":"451"},{"publisher":"OSF","_id":"61332","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://osf.io/bnem2/files/osfstorage/68677f0b45587b0093f71a0f"}],"user_id":"90826","author":[{"first_name":"Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","id":"27152"},{"id":"56345","full_name":"Fisher, Josephine Beryl","last_name":"Fisher","first_name":"Josephine Beryl","orcid":"0000-0002-9997-9241"},{"first_name":"Katharina J.","last_name":"Rohlfing","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-8233","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina J.","id":"50352"}],"title":"Role Perception Questionnaire: Co-construction. 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Scales manual}, publisher={OSF}, author={Buhl, Heike M. and Herrmann, Paula and Bolinger, Dean X.}, year={2025} }","mla":"Buhl, Heike M., et al. <i>TRR 318, Project A01, WP 2.2. Scales Manual</i>. OSF, 2025."},"user_id":"90826","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://osf.io/4zdy6"}],"_id":"61434","publisher":"OSF","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-24T12:39:20Z","year":"2025","status":"public","title":"TRR 318, Project A01, WP 2.2. Scales manual","author":[{"full_name":"Buhl, Heike M.","last_name":"Buhl","first_name":"Heike M.","id":"27152"},{"full_name":"Herrmann, Paula","first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Herrmann"},{"last_name":"Bolinger","first_name":"Dean X.","full_name":"Bolinger, Dean X."}]},{"department":[{"_id":"424"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-09-12T09:43:58Z","project":[{"name":"TRR 318; TP C04: Metaphern als Werkzeug des Erklärens","_id":"127"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Explanations play a crucial role in knowledge transfer and meaning-making and are often described as a co-constructive process in which multiple agents collaboratively shape understanding. However, the metaphors used to conceptualize explaining may influence how this process is framed. This study investigates the extent to which the co-constructive nature of explaining is represented in explaining metaphors. Using a systematic analysis of agency, we examined how these metaphors depict the explanation process and the roles of the agents involved. We found that explaining metaphors lack collaboration between explainer and addressee, constructiveness of the process, as well as bidirectionality and iterativeness. In light of current research on metaphorical framing, the study thus highlights the risk that such explaining metaphors may reinforce a non-co-constructive perspective on explaining and a top-down approach in the development of AI systems as well as other areas."}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Porwol, Philip Fabian, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Is Explaining More like Showing or More like Building? Agency in Metaphors of Explaining.” <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628706\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628706</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Porwol_Scharlau_2025, title={Is explaining more like showing or more like building? Agency in metaphors of explaining}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628706\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628706</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, author={Porwol, Philip Fabian and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2025} }","ama":"Porwol PF, Scharlau I. Is explaining more like showing or more like building? Agency in metaphors of explaining. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628706\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1628706</a>","ieee":"P. F. Porwol and I. Scharlau, “Is explaining more like showing or more like building? 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