@article{64873,
  abstract     = {{Continuous flow catalysis utilizing gel-bound organocatalysts within a microfluidic reactor represents a compelling strategy in the realm of organic synthesis. In this study, a quinuclidine-based catalytic monomer (QMA) was synthesized to create polymer gel dots through the process of photopolymerization that serve as a support for the catalyst. The resulting gel-bound organocatalysts were assembled within a continuous microfluidic reactor to facilitate the Baylis–Hillman reaction between various aldehydes and acrylonitrile at a temperature of 50 °C. The conversion of the product was assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy as an offline analytical method over a duration of 8 h. The findings indicated that highly reactive aldehydes achieved conversion rates exceeding 90%, in contrast to their less reactive counterparts. Furthermore, these results were juxtaposed with previously published data derived from alternative synthetic methodologies, revealing that the continuous microfluidic reactions employing integrated organocatalysts within polymer networks exhibited significantly higher conversions with reduced reaction times (8 h) at the same temperature (50 °C). Additionally, the influence of different geometries (round, triangular, and square) of the gel dots on catalytic activity was investigated, with round and square gel dots demonstrating slightly superior performance compared with triangular gel dots, attributed to their increased surface area. Moreover, an extended reaction period of 6 days was conducted using 4-bromobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile, resulting in a conversion rate exceeding 70%, which remained stable for 5 days before experiencing a slight decline due to product accumulation on the gel dots.}},
  author       = {{Killi, Naresh and Kumar, Amit and Nebhani, Leena and Obst, Franziska and Richter, Andreas and Reineke Matsudo, Bernhard and Zentgraf, Thomas and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2470-1343}},
  journal      = {{ACS Omega}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Integrating an Organocatalyst into a Polymeric Gel Framework for the Continuous Microflow Baylis–Hillman Reaction}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsomega.5c09476}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{59617,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>There is an increasing interest in sensing applications for a variety of analytes in aqueous environments, as conventional methods do not work reliably under humid conditions or they require complex equipment with experienced operators. Hydrogel sensors are easy to fabricate, are incredibly sensitive, and have broad dynamic ranges. Experiments on their robustness, reliability, and reusability have indicated the possible long-term applications of these systems in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, detection of pharmaceuticals, and in environmental testing. It is possible to produce hydrogels, which, upon sensing a specific analyte, can adsorb it onto their 3D-structure and can therefore be used to remove them from a given environment. High specificity can be obtained by using molecularly imprinted polymers. Typical detection principles involve optical methods including fluorescence and chemiluminescence, and volume changes in colloidal photonic crystals, as well as electrochemical methods. Here, we explore the current research utilizing hydrogel-based sensors in three main areas: (1) biomedical applications, (2) for detecting and quantifying pharmaceuticals of interest, and (3) detecting and quantifying environmental contaminants in aqueous environments.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Völlmecke, Katharina and Afroz, Rowshon and Bierbach, Sascha and Brenker, Lee Josephine and Frücht, Sebastian and Glass, Alexandra and Giebelhaus, Ryland and Hoppe, Axel and Kanemaru, Karen and Lazarek, Michal and Rabbe, Lukas and Song, Longfei and Velasco Suarez, Andrea and Wu, Shuang and Serpe, Michael and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2310-2861}},
  journal      = {{Gels}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Hydrogel-Based Biosensors}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/gels8120768}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{23701,
  author       = {{Schoppa, Timo and Jung, Dimitri and Rust, Tarik and Mulac, Dennis and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}},
  issn         = {{0378-5173}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Pharmaceutics}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based polyester as drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326}},
  volume       = {{597}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23662,
  author       = {{Rust, Tarik and Jung, Dimitri and Hoppe, Axel and Schoppa, Timo and Langer, Klaus and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2637-6105}},
  journal      = {{ACS Applied Polymer Materials}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{3831--3842}},
  publisher    = {{ACS}},
  title        = {{{Backbone-Degradable (Co-)Polymers for Light-Triggered Drug Delivery}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsapm.1c00411}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23699,
  author       = {{Schmiegel, Carsten J. and Baier, Rene and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1434-193X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Organic Chemistry}},
  pages        = {{2578--2586}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-VCH}},
  title        = {{{Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Continuous Flow Using Gel‐Bound Organocatalysts}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ejoc.202100268}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23702,
  author       = {{Schmiegel, Carsten J. and Berg, Patrik and Obst, Franziska and Schoch, Roland and Appelhans, Dietmar and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1434-193X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Organic Chemistry}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{1628--1636}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-VCH}},
  title        = {{{Continuous Flow Synthesis of Azoxybenzenes by Reductive Dimerization of Nitrosobenzenes with Gel‐Bound Catalysts}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ejoc.202100006}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23696,
  author       = {{Jung, Dimitri and Rust, Tarik and Völlmecke, Katharina and Schoppa, Timo and Langer, Klaus and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1759-9954}},
  journal      = {{Polymer Chemistry}},
  pages        = {{4565--4575}},
  publisher    = {{RSC}},
  title        = {{{Backbone vs. side-chain: two light-degradable polyurethanes based on 6-nitropiperonal}}},
  doi          = {{10.1039/d1py00442e}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23698,
  author       = {{Rodin, Maksim and Li, Jie and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{0306-0012}},
  journal      = {{Chemical Society Reviews}},
  pages        = {{8147--8177}},
  publisher    = {{RSC}},
  title        = {{{Dually cross-linked single networks: structures and applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1039/d0cs01585g}},
  volume       = {{50}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{59620,
  author       = {{Rust, Tarik and Jung, Dimitri and Hoppe, Axel and Schoppa, Timo and Langer, Klaus and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2637-6105}},
  journal      = {{ACS Applied Polymer Materials}},
  keywords     = {{backbone-degradable, light-responsive, redox-responsive, drug delivery, nanoparticles}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{3831--3842}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Backbone-Degradable (Co-)Polymers for Light-Triggered Drug Delivery}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsapm.1c00411}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{23855,
  author       = {{Aly, Kamal I. and Sun, Jingjiang and Kuckling, Dirk and Younis, Osama}},
  issn         = {{1022-9760}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Polymer Research}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  title        = {{{Polyester resins based on soybean oil: synthesis and characterization}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10965-020-02244-9}},
  volume       = {{27}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{23852,
  author       = {{Li, Jie and Ji, Chendong and Lü, Baozhong and Rodin, Maksim and Paradies, Jan and Yin, Meizhen and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1944-8244}},
  journal      = {{ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}},
  number       = {{33}},
  pages        = {{36873--36881}},
  title        = {{{Dually Crosslinked Supramolecular Hydrogel for Cancer Biomarker Sensing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsami.0c08722}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{23849,
  author       = {{Berg, Patrik and Obst, Franziska and Simon, David and Richter, Andreas and Appelhans, Dietmar and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1434-193X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Organic Chemistry}},
  pages        = {{5765--5774}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-VCH}},
  title        = {{{Novel Application of Polymer Networks Carrying Tertiary Amines as a Catalyst Inside Microflow Reactors Used for            Knoevenagel            Reactions}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ejoc.202000978}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{23848,
  author       = {{Berg, Marie-Theres and Mertens, Chiel and Du Prez, Filip and Kühne, Thomas D. and Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2046-2069}},
  journal      = {{RSC Advances}},
  pages        = {{35245--35252}},
  publisher    = {{RSC}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of sequence-defined oligomers through Advanced Polymer Chromatography™ – mass spectrometry hyphenation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1039/d0ra06419j}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{23847,
  author       = {{Yu, Xiaoqian and Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2073-4360}},
  journal      = {{Polymers}},
  number       = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Micellar Organocatalysis Using Smart Polymer Supports: Influence of Thermoresponsive Self-Assembly on Catalytic Activity}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/polym12102265}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{23856,
  author       = {{Berg, Patrik and Prowald, Carsten Dieter and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2310-2861}},
  journal      = {{Gels}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of Gel Properties of Novel Cryo-Clay-Silica Polymer Networks}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/gels6020011}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{23854,
  abstract     = {{Micropatterned nanoporous aluminum oxide arrays are prepared on silicon wafer substrates by using photopolymerized poly(dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels as porogenic matrices. Hydrogel micropatterns are fabricated by spreading the prepolymer mixture on the substrate, followed by UV photopolymerization through a micropatterned mask. The hydrogel is covalently bonded to the substrate surface. Al2O3 is produced by swelling the hydrogel in a saturated aluminum nitrate solution and subsequent thermal conversion/calcination. As a result, micropatterned porous Al2O3 microdots with heights in µm range and large specific surface areas up to 274 m2 g−1 are obtained. Hence, the hydrogel fulfills a dual templating function, namely micropatterning and nanoporosity generation. The impact of varying the photopolymerization time on the properties of the products is studied. Samples are characterized by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and Kr physisorption analysis.}},
  author       = {{Chen, Zimei and Kuckling, Dirk and Tiemann, Michael}},
  issn         = {{0957-4484}},
  journal      = {{Nanotechnology}},
  publisher    = {{IOP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Nanoporous aluminum oxide micropatterns prepared by hydrogel templating}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1361-6528/aba710}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30932,
  author       = {{Herberg, Artjom and Yu, Xiaoqian and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  journal      = {{Polymers}},
  keywords     = {{controlled radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, end group determination, N-isopropylacrylamide, block copolymerization, smart polymers, temperature sensitive polymers, lower critical solution temperature, ESI-TOF mass spectrometry, ion mobility separation, size exclusion chromatography}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{30929,
  author       = {{Li, Jie and Ji, Chendong and Yu, Xiaoqian and Yin, Meizhen and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1022-1336}},
  journal      = {{Macromolecular Rapid Communications}},
  keywords     = {{Materials Chemistry, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry}},
  number       = {{14}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Dually Cross‐Linked Supramolecular Hydrogel as Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Small Molecule Detection}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/marc.201900189}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{30927,
  author       = {{Reis, Berthold and Vehlow, David and Rust, Tarik and Kuckling, Dirk and Müller, Martin}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Molecular Science}},
  keywords     = {{catechol chemistry, poly(caffeic acid), polyelectrolyte complex coatings, thermoresponsive coatings, controlled release, bortezomib, multiple myeloma}},
  number       = {{23}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Thermoresponsive Catechol Based-Polyelectrolyte Complex Coatings for Controlled Release of Bortezomib}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ijms20236081}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{30928,
  author       = {{Yu, Xiaoqian and Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{0014-3057}},
  journal      = {{European Polymer Journal}},
  keywords     = {{Organic Chemistry, Polymers and Plastics, General Physics and Astronomy, Materials Chemistry}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Azlactone-functionalized smart block copolymers for organocatalyst immobilization}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.034}},
  volume       = {{120}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}