---
_id: '64806'
author:
- first_name: Rolf
  full_name: Biehler, Rolf
  id: '16274'
  last_name: Biehler
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Kawakami, T.
  last_name: Kawakami
- first_name: E.
  full_name: Lampen, E.
  last_name: Lampen
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Weiland, T.
  last_name: Weiland
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Zapata-Cardona, L.
  last_name: Zapata-Cardona
citation:
  ama: 'Biehler R, Kawakami T, Lampen E, Weiland T, Zapata-Cardona L. Statistics and
    data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens – short summary of
    a survey. In: Beswick K, Kaur B, Makar K, Ochoviet C, Venkat H, eds. <i>Proceedings
    of the 15th International Congress on Mathematical Education</i>. Vol 1. MERGA;
    2025:198-203.'
  apa: Biehler, R., Kawakami, T., Lampen, E., Weiland, T., &#38; Zapata-Cardona, L.
    (2025). Statistics and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens
    – short summary of a survey. In K. Beswick, B. Kaur, K. Makar, C. Ochoviet, &#38;
    H. Venkat (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Mathematical
    Education</i> (Vol. 1, pp. 198–203). MERGA.
  bibtex: '@inbook{Biehler_Kawakami_Lampen_Weiland_Zapata-Cardona_2025, title={Statistics
    and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens – short summary
    of a survey}, volume={1}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 15th International Congress
    on Mathematical Education}, publisher={MERGA}, author={Biehler, Rolf and Kawakami,
    T. and Lampen, E. and Weiland, T. and Zapata-Cardona, L.}, editor={Beswick, K.
    and Kaur, B. and Makar, K. and Ochoviet, C. and Venkat, H.}, year={2025}, pages={198–203}
    }'
  chicago: Biehler, Rolf, T. Kawakami, E. Lampen, T. Weiland, and L. Zapata-Cardona.
    “Statistics and Data Science Education as a Vehicle for Empowering Citizens –
    Short Summary of a Survey.” In <i>Proceedings of the 15th International Congress
    on Mathematical Education</i>, edited by K. Beswick, B. Kaur, K. Makar, C. Ochoviet,
    and H. Venkat, 1:198–203. MERGA, 2025.
  ieee: R. Biehler, T. Kawakami, E. Lampen, T. Weiland, and L. Zapata-Cardona, “Statistics
    and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens – short summary
    of a survey,” in <i>Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Mathematical
    Education</i>, vol. 1, K. Beswick, B. Kaur, K. Makar, C. Ochoviet, and H. Venkat,
    Eds. MERGA, 2025, pp. 198–203.
  mla: Biehler, Rolf, et al. “Statistics and Data Science Education as a Vehicle for
    Empowering Citizens – Short Summary of a Survey.” <i>Proceedings of the 15th International
    Congress on Mathematical Education</i>, edited by K. Beswick et al., vol. 1, MERGA,
    2025, pp. 198–203.
  short: 'R. Biehler, T. Kawakami, E. Lampen, T. Weiland, L. Zapata-Cardona, in: K.
    Beswick, B. Kaur, K. Makar, C. Ochoviet, H. Venkat (Eds.), Proceedings of the
    15th International Congress on Mathematical Education, MERGA, 2025, pp. 198–203.'
date_created: 2026-03-02T12:18:38Z
date_updated: 2026-07-09T11:23:23Z
department:
- _id: '363'
editor:
- first_name: K.
  full_name: Beswick, K.
  last_name: Beswick
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Kaur, B.
  last_name: Kaur
- first_name: K.
  full_name: Makar, K.
  last_name: Makar
- first_name: C.
  full_name: Ochoviet, C.
  last_name: Ochoviet
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Venkat, H.
  last_name: Venkat
intvolume: '         1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 198-203
publication: Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Mathematical Education
publication_status: published
publisher: MERGA
status: public
title: Statistics and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens
  – short summary of a survey
type: book_chapter
user_id: '37888'
volume: 1
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '58861'
author:
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Luchterhandt, Lars
  id: '74648'
  last_name: Luchterhandt
- first_name: Vivek
  full_name: Govindasamy, Vivek
  last_name: Govindasamy
- first_name: Yutong
  full_name: Wang, Yutong
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Rainer
  full_name: Dömer, Rainer
  last_name: Dömer
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
  id: '16243'
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
  ama: 'Luchterhandt L, Govindasamy V, Wang Y, Dömer R, Müller W, Scheytt JC. Case
    Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows for Grids of Processing Cells. In: <i>OSSMPIC
    - Open Source Solutions for Massively Parallel Integrated Circuits</i>. ; 2025.'
  apa: Luchterhandt, L., Govindasamy, V., Wang, Y., Dömer, R., Müller, W., &#38; Scheytt,
    J. C. (2025). Case Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows for Grids of Processing
    Cells. <i>OSSMPIC - Open Source Solutions for Massively Parallel Integrated Circuits</i>.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Luchterhandt_Govindasamy_Wang_Dömer_Müller_Scheytt_2025,
    place={Lyon, France}, title={Case Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows for
    Grids of Processing Cells}, booktitle={OSSMPIC - Open Source Solutions for Massively
    Parallel Integrated Circuits}, author={Luchterhandt, Lars and Govindasamy, Vivek
    and Wang, Yutong and Dömer, Rainer and Müller, Wolfgang and Scheytt, J. Christoph},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: Luchterhandt, Lars, Vivek Govindasamy, Yutong Wang, Rainer Dömer, Wolfgang
    Müller, and J. Christoph Scheytt. “Case Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows
    for Grids of Processing Cells.” In <i>OSSMPIC - Open Source Solutions for Massively
    Parallel Integrated Circuits</i>. Lyon, France, 2025.
  ieee: L. Luchterhandt, V. Govindasamy, Y. Wang, R. Dömer, W. Müller, and J. C. Scheytt,
    “Case Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows for Grids of Processing Cells,”
    2025.
  mla: Luchterhandt, Lars, et al. “Case Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows
    for Grids of Processing Cells.” <i>OSSMPIC - Open Source Solutions for Massively
    Parallel Integrated Circuits</i>, 2025.
  short: 'L. Luchterhandt, V. Govindasamy, Y. Wang, R. Dömer, W. Müller, J.C. Scheytt,
    in: OSSMPIC - Open Source Solutions for Massively Parallel Integrated Circuits,
    Lyon, France, 2025.'
date_created: 2025-02-26T14:40:23Z
date_updated: 2026-07-16T14:58:16Z
department:
- _id: '58'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Lyon, France
project:
- _id: '52'
  name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
publication: OSSMPIC - Open Source Solutions for Massively Parallel Integrated Circuits
status: public
title: Case Study on Combining Open-Source Tool Flows for Grids of Processing Cells
type: conference
user_id: '16243'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62262'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We construct the first examples of chamber-regular lattices on C̃₂-buildings.
    Assuming a conjecture of Kantor our list of examples becomes a classification
    for chamber-regular C̃₂-lattices on locally-finite C̃₂-buildings. The links of
    special vertices in the buildings we construct, are all isomorphic to (the incidence
    graph of) the unique generalized quadrangle Q of order (3,5). In particular our
    constructions involve chamber-regular actions on Q. These actions on Q are the
    first (and if Kantor's conjecture holds the only) chamber-regular actions on a
    finite generalized quadrangle and therefore interesting in their own right. Moreover
    Q is not Moufang and therefore none of our examples is a Bruhat-Tits building
    and all our lattices are exotic building lattices.
author:
- first_name: Franziska
  full_name: Stamer, Franziska
  id: '121813'
  last_name: Stamer
- first_name: 'Thomas '
  full_name: 'Titz Mite, Thomas '
  last_name: Titz Mite
citation:
  ama: Stamer F, Titz Mite T. On Chamber-regular C̃₂-Lattices. Published online 2025.
  apa: Stamer, F., &#38; Titz Mite, T. (2025). <i>On Chamber-regular C̃₂-Lattices</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Stamer_Titz Mite_2025, title={On Chamber-regular C̃₂-Lattices},
    author={Stamer, Franziska and Titz Mite, Thomas }, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Stamer, Franziska, and Thomas  Titz Mite. “On Chamber-Regular C̃₂-Lattices,”
    2025.
  ieee: F. Stamer and T. Titz Mite, “On Chamber-regular C̃₂-Lattices.” 2025.
  mla: Stamer, Franziska, and Thomas Titz Mite. <i>On Chamber-Regular C̃₂-Lattices</i>.
    2025.
  short: F. Stamer, T. Titz Mite, (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-19T15:09:51Z
date_updated: 2026-06-30T10:45:29Z
department:
- _id: '10'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2511.08312'
language:
- iso: eng
page: '29'
status: public
title: On Chamber-regular C̃₂-Lattices
type: preprint
user_id: '121813'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '66098'
author:
- first_name: Janina
  full_name: Lütke Stockdiek, Janina
  last_name: Lütke Stockdiek
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Grimme, Britta
  id: '103682'
  last_name: Grimme
- first_name: Marie
  full_name: Griesbach, Marie
  last_name: Griesbach
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Grimme, Christian
  last_name: Grimme
citation:
  ama: 'Lütke Stockdiek J, Grimme B, Griesbach M, Grimme C. Out of Order: On the Importance
    of Word Positions in Explaining Text Classification. In: <i>International Artificial
    Intelligence Symposium</i>. ; 2025:432–447.'
  apa: 'Lütke Stockdiek, J., Grimme, B., Griesbach, M., &#38; Grimme, C. (2025). Out
    of Order: On the Importance of Word Positions in Explaining Text Classification.
    <i>International Artificial Intelligence Symposium</i>, 432–447.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lütke Stockdiek_Grimme_Griesbach_Grimme_2025, title={Out
    of Order: On the Importance of Word Positions in Explaining Text Classification},
    booktitle={International Artificial Intelligence Symposium}, author={Lütke Stockdiek,
    Janina and Grimme, Britta and Griesbach, Marie and Grimme, Christian}, year={2025},
    pages={432–447} }'
  chicago: 'Lütke Stockdiek, Janina, Britta Grimme, Marie Griesbach, and Christian
    Grimme. “Out of Order: On the Importance of Word Positions in Explaining Text
    Classification.” In <i>International Artificial Intelligence Symposium</i>, 432–447,
    2025.'
  ieee: 'J. Lütke Stockdiek, B. Grimme, M. Griesbach, and C. Grimme, “Out of Order:
    On the Importance of Word Positions in Explaining Text Classification,” in <i>International
    Artificial Intelligence Symposium</i>, 2025, pp. 432–447.'
  mla: 'Lütke Stockdiek, Janina, et al. “Out of Order: On the Importance of Word Positions
    in Explaining Text Classification.” <i>International Artificial Intelligence Symposium</i>,
    2025, pp. 432–447.'
  short: 'J. Lütke Stockdiek, B. Grimme, M. Griesbach, C. Grimme, in: International
    Artificial Intelligence Symposium, 2025, pp. 432–447.'
date_created: 2026-07-01T12:32:42Z
date_updated: 2026-07-01T12:33:09Z
department:
- _id: '819'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 432–447
publication: International Artificial Intelligence Symposium
status: public
title: 'Out of Order: On the Importance of Word Positions in Explaining Text Classification'
type: conference
user_id: '15504'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '66278'
author:
- first_name: Rolf
  full_name: Biehler, Rolf
  id: '16274'
  last_name: Biehler
- first_name: Takashi
  full_name: Kawakami, Takashi
  last_name: Kawakami
- first_name: Erna
  full_name: Lampen, Erna
  last_name: Lampen
- first_name: Travis
  full_name: Weiland, Travis
  last_name: Weiland
- first_name: Lucía
  full_name: Zapata-Cardona, Lucía
  last_name: Zapata-Cardona
citation:
  ama: Biehler R, Kawakami T, Lampen E, Weiland T, Zapata-Cardona L. Statistics and
    data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens–short summary of a
    survey. <i>European Mathematical Society Magazine</i>. 2025;(136):49–52. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633">10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633</a>
  apa: Biehler, R., Kawakami, T., Lampen, E., Weiland, T., &#38; Zapata-Cardona, L.
    (2025). Statistics and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens–short
    summary of a survey. <i>European Mathematical Society Magazine</i>, <i>136</i>,
    49–52. <a href="https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633">https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Biehler_Kawakami_Lampen_Weiland_Zapata-Cardona_2025, title={Statistics
    and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens–short summary
    of a survey}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633">10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633</a>},
    number={136}, journal={European Mathematical Society Magazine}, author={Biehler,
    Rolf and Kawakami, Takashi and Lampen, Erna and Weiland, Travis and Zapata-Cardona,
    Lucía}, year={2025}, pages={49–52} }'
  chicago: 'Biehler, Rolf, Takashi Kawakami, Erna Lampen, Travis Weiland, and Lucía
    Zapata-Cardona. “Statistics and Data Science Education as a Vehicle for Empowering
    Citizens–Short Summary of a Survey.” <i>European Mathematical Society Magazine</i>,
    no. 136 (2025): 49–52. <a href="https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633">https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Biehler, T. Kawakami, E. Lampen, T. Weiland, and L. Zapata-Cardona, “Statistics
    and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens–short summary
    of a survey,” <i>European Mathematical Society Magazine</i>, no. 136, pp. 49–52,
    2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633">10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633</a>.'
  mla: Biehler, Rolf, et al. “Statistics and Data Science Education as a Vehicle for
    Empowering Citizens–Short Summary of a Survey.” <i>European Mathematical Society
    Magazine</i>, no. 136, 2025, pp. 49–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633">10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633</a>.
  short: R. Biehler, T. Kawakami, E. Lampen, T. Weiland, L. Zapata-Cardona, European
    Mathematical Society Magazine (2025) 49–52.
date_created: 2026-07-06T08:40:10Z
date_updated: 2026-07-06T08:42:10Z
department:
- _id: '363'
doi: 10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633
issue: '136'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-2633
oa: '1'
page: 49–52
publication: European Mathematical Society Magazine
status: public
title: Statistics and data science education as a vehicle for empowering citizens–short
  summary of a survey
type: journal_article
user_id: '37888'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '66520'
author:
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Luchterhandt, Lars
  id: '74648'
  last_name: Luchterhandt
- first_name: Vivek
  full_name: Govindasamy, Vivek
  last_name: Govindasamy
- first_name: Yutong
  full_name: Wang, Yutong
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
  id: '16243'
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Rainer
  full_name: Dömer, Rainer
  last_name: Dömer
citation:
  ama: 'Luchterhandt L, Govindasamy V, Wang Y, Scheytt C, Müller W, Dömer R. A Quantitative
    Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy Tradeoffs in System Level Design of RISC-V Processor
    Grids. In: <i>2025 Forum on Specification &#38;amp;Amp; Design Languages (FDL)</i>.
    IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408">10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408</a>'
  apa: Luchterhandt, L., Govindasamy, V., Wang, Y., Scheytt, C., Müller, W., &#38;
    Dömer, R. (2025). A Quantitative Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy Tradeoffs in
    System Level Design of RISC-V Processor Grids. <i>2025 Forum on Specification
    &#38;amp;Amp; Design Languages (FDL)</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408">https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Luchterhandt_Govindasamy_Wang_Scheytt_Müller_Dömer_2025,
    title={A Quantitative Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy Tradeoffs in System Level
    Design of RISC-V Processor Grids}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408">10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408</a>},
    booktitle={2025 Forum on Specification &#38;amp;amp; Design Languages (FDL)},
    publisher={IEEE}, author={Luchterhandt, Lars and Govindasamy, Vivek and Wang,
    Yutong and Scheytt, Christoph and Müller, Wolfgang and Dömer, Rainer}, year={2025}
    }'
  chicago: Luchterhandt, Lars, Vivek Govindasamy, Yutong Wang, Christoph Scheytt,
    Wolfgang Müller, and Rainer Dömer. “A Quantitative Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy
    Tradeoffs in System Level Design of RISC-V Processor Grids.” In <i>2025 Forum
    on Specification &#38;amp;Amp; Design Languages (FDL)</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408">https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408</a>.
  ieee: 'L. Luchterhandt, V. Govindasamy, Y. Wang, C. Scheytt, W. Müller, and R. Dömer,
    “A Quantitative Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy Tradeoffs in System Level Design
    of RISC-V Processor Grids,” 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408">10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408</a>.'
  mla: Luchterhandt, Lars, et al. “A Quantitative Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy
    Tradeoffs in System Level Design of RISC-V Processor Grids.” <i>2025 Forum on
    Specification &#38;amp;Amp; Design Languages (FDL)</i>, IEEE, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408">10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408</a>.
  short: 'L. Luchterhandt, V. Govindasamy, Y. Wang, C. Scheytt, W. Müller, R. Dömer,
    in: 2025 Forum on Specification &#38;amp;Amp; Design Languages (FDL), IEEE, 2025.'
date_created: 2026-07-16T15:15:02Z
date_updated: 2026-07-16T15:17:01Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/fdl68117.2025.11165408
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 2025 Forum on Specification &amp;amp; Design Languages (FDL)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: A Quantitative Guide to Navigate Speed/Accuracy Tradeoffs in System Level Design
  of RISC-V Processor Grids
type: conference
user_id: '16243'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '58801'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Iran employs one of the most prominent Internet censors in the world. An important
    part of Iran’s censorship apparatus is its analysis of unencrypted protocols such
    as HTTP and DNS. During routine evaluations of Iran’s HTTP and DNS censorship,
    we noticed several properties we believe to be unknown today. For instance, we
    found injections of correct static IPs for some domains such as google.com on
    the DNS level, unclear HTTP version parsing, and correlations between DNS and
    HTTP censorship. In this paper, we present our findings to the community and discuss
    possible takeaways for affected people and the censorship circumvention community.
    As some of our findings left us bewildered, we hope to ignite a discussion about
    Iran’s censorship behavior. We aim to use the discussion of our work to execute
    a thorough analysis and explanation of Iran’s censorship behavior in the future.
author:
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: Lange, Felix
  id: '67893'
  last_name: Lange
- first_name: Niklas
  full_name: Niere, Niklas
  id: '63563'
  last_name: Niere
- first_name: Jonathan
  full_name: von Niessen, Jonathan
  last_name: von Niessen
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Suermann, Dennis
  last_name: Suermann
- first_name: Nico
  full_name: Heitmann, Nico
  id: '74619'
  last_name: Heitmann
  orcid: 0009-0003-7687-7044
- first_name: Juraj
  full_name: Somorovsky, Juraj
  id: '83504'
  last_name: Somorovsky
  orcid: 0000-0002-3593-7720
citation:
  ama: 'Lange F, Niere N, von Niessen J, Suermann D, Heitmann N, Somorovsky J. I(ra)nconsistencies:
    Novel Insights into Iran’s Censorship. In: <i>Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing
    Technologies</i>. ; 2025.'
  apa: 'Lange, F., Niere, N., von Niessen, J., Suermann, D., Heitmann, N., &#38; Somorovsky,
    J. (2025). I(ra)nconsistencies: Novel Insights into Iran’s Censorship. <i>Proceedings
    on Privacy Enhancing Technologies</i>. Free and Open Communications on the Internet,
    Virtual.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lange_Niere_von Niessen_Suermann_Heitmann_Somorovsky_2025,
    title={I(ra)nconsistencies: Novel Insights into Iran’s Censorship}, booktitle={Proceedings
    on Privacy Enhancing Technologies}, author={Lange, Felix and Niere, Niklas and
    von Niessen, Jonathan and Suermann, Dennis and Heitmann, Nico and Somorovsky,
    Juraj}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Lange, Felix, Niklas Niere, Jonathan von Niessen, Dennis Suermann, Nico
    Heitmann, and Juraj Somorovsky. “I(Ra)Nconsistencies: Novel Insights into Iran’s
    Censorship.” In <i>Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies</i>, 2025.'
  ieee: 'F. Lange, N. Niere, J. von Niessen, D. Suermann, N. Heitmann, and J. Somorovsky,
    “I(ra)nconsistencies: Novel Insights into Iran’s Censorship,” presented at the
    Free and Open Communications on the Internet, Virtual, 2025.'
  mla: 'Lange, Felix, et al. “I(Ra)Nconsistencies: Novel Insights into Iran’s Censorship.”
    <i>Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies</i>, 2025.'
  short: 'F. Lange, N. Niere, J. von Niessen, D. Suermann, N. Heitmann, J. Somorovsky,
    in: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-02-20
  location: Virtual
  name: Free and Open Communications on the Internet
  start_date: 2025-02-20
date_created: 2025-02-24T08:09:56Z
date_updated: 2026-08-17T07:40:31Z
ddc:
- '006'
department:
- _id: '632'
file:
- access_level: local
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: flange
  date_created: 2025-02-24T08:07:59Z
  date_updated: 2026-08-17T07:40:31Z
  file_id: '58802'
  file_name: foci-2025-0002.pdf
  file_size: 535700
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2026-08-17T07:40:31Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.petsymposium.org/foci/2025/foci-2025-0002.pdf
oa: '1'
publication: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'I(ra)nconsistencies: Novel Insights into Iran’s Censorship'
type: conference
user_id: '63563'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '66747'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Ofenheusle, Christian
  last_name: Ofenheusle
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Haselhuhn, Ralf
  last_name: Haselhuhn
citation:
  ama: Krauter S, Ofenheusle C, Haselhuhn R. <i>Balkonkraftwerke Kompakt Für Dummies</i>.
    Wiley-VCH, Weinheim; 2025.
  apa: Krauter, S., Ofenheusle, C., &#38; Haselhuhn, R. (2025). <i>Balkonkraftwerke
    kompakt für Dummies</i>. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
  bibtex: '@book{Krauter_Ofenheusle_Haselhuhn_2025, title={Balkonkraftwerke kompakt
    für Dummies}, publisher={Wiley-VCH, Weinheim}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Ofenheusle,
    Christian and Haselhuhn, Ralf}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Krauter, Stefan, Christian Ofenheusle, and Ralf Haselhuhn. <i>Balkonkraftwerke
    Kompakt Für Dummies</i>. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2025.
  ieee: S. Krauter, C. Ofenheusle, and R. Haselhuhn, <i>Balkonkraftwerke kompakt für
    Dummies</i>. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2025.
  mla: Krauter, Stefan, et al. <i>Balkonkraftwerke Kompakt Für Dummies</i>. Wiley-VCH,
    Weinheim, 2025.
  short: S. Krauter, C. Ofenheusle, R. Haselhuhn, Balkonkraftwerke Kompakt Für Dummies,
    Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2025.
date_created: 2026-08-19T13:39:37Z
date_updated: 2026-08-19T13:39:51Z
department:
- _id: '53'
language:
- iso: eng
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - ' 978-3-527-72181-8'
publisher: Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
status: public
title: Balkonkraftwerke kompakt für Dummies
type: book
user_id: '16148'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '60891'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Straight dielectric waveguide channels made from slabs of thin-film lithium
    niobate (TFLN), or lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), are investigated in the
    linear regime, for channels of rib and strip type with common trapezoidal cross
    sections, in Z-cut and X-cut samples at varying on-chip orientation. We clarify
    the theoretical basis for the waveguides with potentially non-diagonal core permittivity.
    Symmetry classes can be distinguished that differ in their consequences for potential
    modal degeneracy and polarization conversion. Our rigorous numerical analysis
    by means of a finite-element solver takes the anisotropy of the lithium niobate
    cores rigorously into account. We discuss extensive data for effective indices,
    polarization properties, and hybridization of guided modes, in single- and multimode
    channels. Scans over the waveguide width and orientation as primary parameters
    are complemented by a series of illustrations of vectorial mode profiles. These
    turn out to be essentially complex in cases of X-cut channels at non-crystal-axis-aligned
    orientations.
author:
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Hammer, Manfred
  id: '48077'
  last_name: Hammer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6331-9348
- first_name: Shahriar
  full_name: Khan, Shahriar
  last_name: Khan
- first_name: Behnood
  full_name: Taheri, Behnood
  last_name: Taheri
- first_name: Henna
  full_name: Farheen, Henna
  id: '53444'
  last_name: Farheen
  orcid: 0000-0001-7730-3489
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Förstner, Jens
  id: '158'
  last_name: Förstner
  orcid: 0000-0001-7059-9862
citation:
  ama: 'Hammer M, Khan S, Taheri B, Farheen H, Förstner J. TFLN channel waveguides
    of rib and strip type: Properties of guided modes. <i>Optics Continuum</i>. 2025;4(10):2356.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959">10.1364/optcon.569959</a>'
  apa: 'Hammer, M., Khan, S., Taheri, B., Farheen, H., &#38; Förstner, J. (2025).
    TFLN channel waveguides of rib and strip type: Properties of guided modes. <i>Optics
    Continuum</i>, <i>4</i>(10), 2356. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959">https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Hammer_Khan_Taheri_Farheen_Förstner_2025, title={TFLN channel
    waveguides of rib and strip type: Properties of guided modes}, volume={4}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959">10.1364/optcon.569959</a>}, number={10},
    journal={Optics Continuum}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Hammer,
    Manfred and Khan, Shahriar and Taheri, Behnood and Farheen, Henna and Förstner,
    Jens}, year={2025}, pages={2356} }'
  chicago: 'Hammer, Manfred, Shahriar Khan, Behnood Taheri, Henna Farheen, and Jens
    Förstner. “TFLN Channel Waveguides of Rib and Strip Type: Properties of Guided
    Modes.” <i>Optics Continuum</i> 4, no. 10 (2025): 2356. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959">https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Hammer, S. Khan, B. Taheri, H. Farheen, and J. Förstner, “TFLN channel
    waveguides of rib and strip type: Properties of guided modes,” <i>Optics Continuum</i>,
    vol. 4, no. 10, p. 2356, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959">10.1364/optcon.569959</a>.'
  mla: 'Hammer, Manfred, et al. “TFLN Channel Waveguides of Rib and Strip Type: Properties
    of Guided Modes.” <i>Optics Continuum</i>, vol. 4, no. 10, Optica Publishing Group,
    2025, p. 2356, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.569959">10.1364/optcon.569959</a>.'
  short: M. Hammer, S. Khan, B. Taheri, H. Farheen, J. Förstner, Optics Continuum
    4 (2025) 2356.
date_created: 2025-08-06T09:36:30Z
date_updated: 2026-09-03T09:07:47Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '61'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1364/optcon.569959
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: fossie
  date_created: 2025-10-05T11:48:25Z
  date_updated: 2025-10-05T11:48:25Z
  file_id: '61516'
  file_name: 2025-08 Hammer - Optics Continuum - TFLN channel waveguides of rib and
    strip type. Properties of guided modes (official version).pdf
  file_size: 5417636
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-10-05T11:48:25Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '10'
keyword:
- tet_topic_waveguide
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
page: '2356'
publication: Optics Continuum
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2770-0208
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
status: public
title: 'TFLN channel waveguides of rib and strip type: Properties of guided modes'
type: journal_article
user_id: '77496'
volume: 4
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '48632'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Digital Servitization is one of the significant trends affecting the manufacturing
    industry. Companies try to tackle challenges regarding their differentiation and
    profitability using digital services. One specific type of digital services are
    smart services, which are digital services built on data from smart products.
    Introducing these kinds of offerings into the portfolio of manufacturing companies
    is not trivial. Moreover, they require conscious action to align all relevant
    capabilities to realize the respective business goals. However, what capabilities
    are generally relevant for smart services remains opaque. We conducted a systematic
    literature review to identify them and extended the results through an interview
    study. Our analysis results in 78 capabilities clustered among 12 principles and
    six dimensions. These results provide significant support for the smart service
    transformation of manufacturing companies and for structuring the research field
    of smart services.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Koldewey, Christian
  id: '43136'
  last_name: Koldewey
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6399
- first_name: Timm
  full_name: Fichtler, Timm
  id: '66731'
  last_name: Fichtler
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-4399
- first_name: Michel
  full_name: Scholtysik, Michel
  id: '50562'
  last_name: Scholtysik
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Biehler, Jan
  last_name: Biehler
- first_name: Nick
  full_name: Schreiner, Nick
  last_name: Schreiner
- first_name: Franziska
  full_name: Sommer, Franziska
  last_name: Sommer
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Schacht, Maximilian
  last_name: Schacht
- first_name: Jonas
  full_name: Kaufmann, Jonas
  last_name: Kaufmann
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Rabe, Martin
  last_name: Rabe
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Sedlmeier, Joachim
  last_name: Sedlmeier
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Dumitrescu, Roman
  id: '16190'
  last_name: Dumitrescu
citation:
  ama: 'Koldewey C, Fichtler T, Scholtysik M, et al. Exploring Capabilities for the
    Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice.
    In: ; 2024.'
  apa: 'Koldewey, C., Fichtler, T., Scholtysik, M., Biehler, J., Schreiner, N., Sommer,
    F., Schacht, M., Kaufmann, J., Rabe, M., Sedlmeier, J., &#38; Dumitrescu, R. (2024).
    <i>Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing:
    Insights from Theory and Practice</i>. Hawaii International Conference on System
    Sciences, Hawaii.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Koldewey_Fichtler_Scholtysik_Biehler_Schreiner_Sommer_Schacht_Kaufmann_Rabe_Sedlmeier_et
    al._2024, title={Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service Transformation in
    Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice}, author={Koldewey, Christian
    and Fichtler, Timm and Scholtysik, Michel and Biehler, Jan and Schreiner, Nick
    and Sommer, Franziska and Schacht, Maximilian and Kaufmann, Jonas and Rabe, Martin
    and Sedlmeier, Joachim and et al.}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Koldewey, Christian, Timm Fichtler, Michel Scholtysik, Jan Biehler, Nick
    Schreiner, Franziska Sommer, Maximilian Schacht, et al. “Exploring Capabilities
    for the Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and
    Practice,” 2024.'
  ieee: 'C. Koldewey <i>et al.</i>, “Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service
    Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice,” presented
    at the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, 2024.'
  mla: 'Koldewey, Christian, et al. <i>Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service
    Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice</i>. 2024.'
  short: 'C. Koldewey, T. Fichtler, M. Scholtysik, J. Biehler, N. Schreiner, F. Sommer,
    M. Schacht, J. Kaufmann, M. Rabe, J. Sedlmeier, R. Dumitrescu, in: 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-01-06
  location: Hawaii
  name: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
  start_date: 2024-01-03
date_created: 2023-11-06T15:31:32Z
date_updated: 2023-11-06T15:40:33Z
department:
- _id: '563'
- _id: '241'
keyword:
- Digital Servitization
- Transformation
- Capabilities
- Maturity
- Smart Services
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: 'Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing:
  Insights from Theory and Practice'
type: conference
user_id: '66731'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '49354'
author:
- first_name: Lameya
  full_name: Afroze, Lameya
  last_name: Afroze
- first_name: Silke
  full_name: Merkelbach, Silke
  last_name: Merkelbach
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: von Enzberg, Sebastian
  last_name: von Enzberg
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Dumitrescu, Roman
  id: '16190'
  last_name: Dumitrescu
citation:
  ama: 'Afroze L, Merkelbach S, von Enzberg S, Dumitrescu R. Domain Knowledge Injection
    Guidance for Predictive Maintenance. In: <i>ML4CPS 2023</i>. ; 2024.'
  apa: Afroze, L., Merkelbach, S., von Enzberg, S., &#38; Dumitrescu, R. (2024). Domain
    Knowledge Injection Guidance for Predictive Maintenance. <i>ML4CPS 2023</i>. ML4CPS
    – Machine Learning For Cyber-Physical Systems, Hamburg.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Afroze_Merkelbach_von Enzberg_Dumitrescu_2024, title={Domain
    Knowledge Injection Guidance for Predictive Maintenance}, booktitle={ML4CPS 2023},
    author={Afroze, Lameya and Merkelbach, Silke and von Enzberg, Sebastian and Dumitrescu,
    Roman}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Afroze, Lameya, Silke Merkelbach, Sebastian von Enzberg, and Roman Dumitrescu.
    “Domain Knowledge Injection Guidance for Predictive Maintenance.” In <i>ML4CPS
    2023</i>, 2024.
  ieee: L. Afroze, S. Merkelbach, S. von Enzberg, and R. Dumitrescu, “Domain Knowledge
    Injection Guidance for Predictive Maintenance,” presented at the ML4CPS – Machine
    Learning For Cyber-Physical Systems, Hamburg, 2024.
  mla: Afroze, Lameya, et al. “Domain Knowledge Injection Guidance for Predictive
    Maintenance.” <i>ML4CPS 2023</i>, 2024.
  short: 'L. Afroze, S. Merkelbach, S. von Enzberg, R. Dumitrescu, in: ML4CPS 2023,
    2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-0331
  location: Hamburg
  name: ML4CPS – Machine Learning For Cyber-Physical Systems
  start_date: 2023-03-29
date_created: 2023-11-30T09:59:41Z
date_updated: 2023-11-30T14:09:47Z
department:
- _id: '563'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: ML4CPS 2023
status: public
title: Domain Knowledge Injection Guidance for Predictive Maintenance
type: conference
user_id: '15782'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '49364'
author:
- first_name: Michel
  full_name: Scholtysik, Michel
  id: '50562'
  last_name: Scholtysik
- first_name: Malte
  full_name: Rohde, Malte
  last_name: Rohde
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Koldewey, Christian
  id: '43136'
  last_name: Koldewey
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6399
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Dumitrescu, Roman
  id: '16190'
  last_name: Dumitrescu
citation:
  ama: 'Scholtysik M, Rohde M, Koldewey C, Dumitrescu R. Business strategy taxonomy
    and solution patterns for the circular economy. In: ; 2024.'
  apa: Scholtysik, M., Rohde, M., Koldewey, C., &#38; Dumitrescu, R. (2024). <i>Business
    strategy taxonomy and solution patterns for the circular economy</i>.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Scholtysik_Rohde_Koldewey_Dumitrescu_2024, title={Business
    strategy taxonomy and solution patterns for the circular economy}, author={Scholtysik,
    Michel and Rohde, Malte and Koldewey, Christian and Dumitrescu, Roman}, year={2024}
    }'
  chicago: Scholtysik, Michel, Malte Rohde, Christian Koldewey, and Roman Dumitrescu.
    “Business Strategy Taxonomy and Solution Patterns for the Circular Economy,” 2024.
  ieee: M. Scholtysik, M. Rohde, C. Koldewey, and R. Dumitrescu, “Business strategy
    taxonomy and solution patterns for the circular economy,” 2024.
  mla: Scholtysik, Michel, et al. <i>Business Strategy Taxonomy and Solution Patterns
    for the Circular Economy</i>. 2024.
  short: 'M. Scholtysik, M. Rohde, C. Koldewey, R. Dumitrescu, in: 2024.'
date_created: 2023-11-30T10:57:30Z
date_updated: 2023-11-30T14:27:55Z
department:
- _id: '563'
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Business strategy taxonomy and solution patterns for the circular economy
type: conference
user_id: '50562'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '51160'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We rigorously derive novel and sharp finite-data error bounds for highly\r\nsample-efficient
    Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) for both i.i.d. and\r\nergodic sampling.
    In particular, we show all results in a very general setting\r\nremoving most
    of the typically imposed assumptions such that, among others,\r\ndiscrete- and
    continuous-time stochastic processes as well as nonlinear partial\r\ndifferential
    equations are contained in the considered system class. Besides\r\nshowing an
    exponential rate for i.i.d. sampling, we prove, to the best of our\r\nknowledge,
    the first superlinear convergence rates for ergodic sampling of\r\ndeterministic
    systems. We verify sharpness of the derived error bounds by\r\nconducting numerical
    simulations for highly-complex applications from molecular\r\ndynamics and chaotic
    flame propagation."
author:
- first_name: Friedrich M.
  full_name: Philipp, Friedrich M.
  last_name: Philipp
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Schaller, Manuel
  last_name: Schaller
- first_name: Septimus
  full_name: Boshoff, Septimus
  last_name: Boshoff
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Peitz, Sebastian
  id: '47427'
  last_name: Peitz
  orcid: 0000-0002-3389-793X
- first_name: Feliks
  full_name: Nüske, Feliks
  last_name: Nüske
- first_name: Karl
  full_name: Worthmann, Karl
  last_name: Worthmann
citation:
  ama: 'Philipp FM, Schaller M, Boshoff S, Peitz S, Nüske F, Worthmann K. Extended
    Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp bounds on the sample  efficiency. <i>arXiv:240202494</i>.
    Published online 2024.'
  apa: 'Philipp, F. M., Schaller, M., Boshoff, S., Peitz, S., Nüske, F., &#38; Worthmann,
    K. (2024). Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp bounds on the sample  efficiency.
    In <i>arXiv:2402.02494</i>.'
  bibtex: '@article{Philipp_Schaller_Boshoff_Peitz_Nüske_Worthmann_2024, title={Extended
    Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp bounds on the sample  efficiency}, journal={arXiv:2402.02494},
    author={Philipp, Friedrich M. and Schaller, Manuel and Boshoff, Septimus and Peitz,
    Sebastian and Nüske, Feliks and Worthmann, Karl}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Philipp, Friedrich M., Manuel Schaller, Septimus Boshoff, Sebastian Peitz,
    Feliks Nüske, and Karl Worthmann. “Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp
    Bounds on the Sample  Efficiency.” <i>ArXiv:2402.02494</i>, 2024.'
  ieee: 'F. M. Philipp, M. Schaller, S. Boshoff, S. Peitz, F. Nüske, and K. Worthmann,
    “Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp bounds on the sample  efficiency,”
    <i>arXiv:2402.02494</i>. 2024.'
  mla: 'Philipp, Friedrich M., et al. “Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp
    Bounds on the Sample  Efficiency.” <i>ArXiv:2402.02494</i>, 2024.'
  short: F.M. Philipp, M. Schaller, S. Boshoff, S. Peitz, F. Nüske, K. Worthmann,
    ArXiv:2402.02494 (2024).
date_created: 2024-02-06T08:52:21Z
date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:52:44Z
department:
- _id: '655'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2402.02494'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.02494.pdf
oa: '1'
publication: arXiv:2402.02494
status: public
title: 'Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Sharp bounds on the sample  efficiency'
type: preprint
user_id: '47427'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '51208'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Approximation of subdifferentials
    is one of the main tasks when computing descent directions for nonsmooth optimization
    problems. In this article, we propose a bisection method for weakly lower semismooth
    functions which is able to compute new subgradients that improve a given approximation
    in case a direction with insufficient descent was computed. Combined with a recently
    proposed deterministic gradient sampling approach, this yields a deterministic
    and provably convergent way to approximate subdifferentials for computing descent
    directions.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Bennet
  full_name: Gebken, Bennet
  id: '32643'
  last_name: Gebken
citation:
  ama: Gebken B. A note on the convergence of deterministic gradient sampling in nonsmooth
    optimization. <i>Computational Optimization and Applications</i>. Published online
    2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0">10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0</a>
  apa: Gebken, B. (2024). A note on the convergence of deterministic gradient sampling
    in nonsmooth optimization. <i>Computational Optimization and Applications</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Gebken_2024, title={A note on the convergence of deterministic
    gradient sampling in nonsmooth optimization}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0">10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0</a>},
    journal={Computational Optimization and Applications}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Gebken, Bennet}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Gebken, Bennet. “A Note on the Convergence of Deterministic Gradient Sampling
    in Nonsmooth Optimization.” <i>Computational Optimization and Applications</i>,
    2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0</a>.
  ieee: 'B. Gebken, “A note on the convergence of deterministic gradient sampling
    in nonsmooth optimization,” <i>Computational Optimization and Applications</i>,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0">10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0</a>.'
  mla: Gebken, Bennet. “A Note on the Convergence of Deterministic Gradient Sampling
    in Nonsmooth Optimization.” <i>Computational Optimization and Applications</i>,
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0">10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0</a>.
  short: B. Gebken, Computational Optimization and Applications (2024).
date_created: 2024-02-07T07:23:23Z
date_updated: 2024-02-08T08:05:54Z
department:
- _id: '101'
doi: 10.1007/s10589-024-00552-0
keyword:
- Applied Mathematics
- Computational Mathematics
- Control and Optimization
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Computational Optimization and Applications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0926-6003
  - 1573-2894
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: A note on the convergence of deterministic gradient sampling in nonsmooth optimization
type: journal_article
user_id: '32643'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '46019'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We derive efficient algorithms to compute weakly Pareto optimal solutions
    for smooth, convex and unconstrained multiobjective optimization problems in general
    Hilbert spaces. To this end, we define a novel inertial gradient-like dynamical
    system in the multiobjective setting, which trajectories converge weakly to Pareto
    optimal solutions. Discretization of this system yields an inertial multiobjective
    algorithm which generates sequences that converge weakly to Pareto optimal solutions.
    We employ Nesterov acceleration to define an algorithm with an improved convergence
    rate compared to the plain multiobjective steepest descent method (Algorithm 1).
    A further improvement in terms of efficiency is achieved by avoiding the solution
    of a quadratic subproblem to compute a common step direction for all objective
    functions, which is usually required in first-order methods. Using a different
    discretization of our inertial gradient-like dynamical system, we obtain an accelerated
    multiobjective gradient method that does not require the solution of a subproblem
    in each step (Algorithm 2). While this algorithm does not converge in general,
    it yields good results on test problems while being faster than standard steepest
    descent.
author:
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Sonntag, Konstantin
  id: '56399'
  last_name: Sonntag
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-3496
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Peitz, Sebastian
  id: '47427'
  last_name: Peitz
  orcid: 0000-0002-3389-793X
citation:
  ama: Sonntag K, Peitz S. Fast Multiobjective Gradient Methods with Nesterov Acceleration
    via Inertial Gradient-Like Systems. <i>Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications</i>.
    Published online 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3">10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3</a>
  apa: Sonntag, K., &#38; Peitz, S. (2024). Fast Multiobjective Gradient Methods with
    Nesterov Acceleration via Inertial Gradient-Like Systems. <i>Journal of Optimization
    Theory and Applications</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Sonntag_Peitz_2024, title={Fast Multiobjective Gradient Methods
    with Nesterov Acceleration via Inertial Gradient-Like Systems}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3">10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3</a>},
    journal={Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications}, publisher={Springer},
    author={Sonntag, Konstantin and Peitz, Sebastian}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Sonntag, Konstantin, and Sebastian Peitz. “Fast Multiobjective Gradient
    Methods with Nesterov Acceleration via Inertial Gradient-Like Systems.” <i>Journal
    of Optimization Theory and Applications</i>, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3</a>.
  ieee: 'K. Sonntag and S. Peitz, “Fast Multiobjective Gradient Methods with Nesterov
    Acceleration via Inertial Gradient-Like Systems,” <i>Journal of Optimization Theory
    and Applications</i>, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3">10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3</a>.'
  mla: Sonntag, Konstantin, and Sebastian Peitz. “Fast Multiobjective Gradient Methods
    with Nesterov Acceleration via Inertial Gradient-Like Systems.” <i>Journal of
    Optimization Theory and Applications</i>, Springer, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3">10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3</a>.
  short: K. Sonntag, S. Peitz, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications (2024).
date_created: 2023-07-12T06:35:58Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T10:13:33Z
department:
- _id: '101'
- _id: '655'
doi: 10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10957-024-02389-3.pdf
oa: '1'
publication: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
status: public
title: Fast Multiobjective Gradient Methods with Nesterov Acceleration via Inertial
  Gradient-Like Systems
type: journal_article
user_id: '56399'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '51334'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The efficient optimization method for locally Lipschitz continuous multiobjective
    optimization problems from [1] is extended from finite-dimensional problems to
    general Hilbert spaces. The method iteratively computes Pareto critical points,
    where in each iteration, an approximation of the subdifferential is computed in
    an efficient manner and then used to compute a common descent direction for all
    objective functions. To prove convergence, we present some new optimality results
    for nonsmooth multiobjective optimization problems in Hilbert spaces. Using these,
    we can show that every accumulation point of the sequence generated by our algorithm
    is Pareto critical under common assumptions. Computational efficiency for finding
    Pareto critical points is numerically demonstrated for multiobjective optimal
    control of an obstacle problem.
author:
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Sonntag, Konstantin
  id: '56399'
  last_name: Sonntag
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-3496
- first_name: Bennet
  full_name: Gebken, Bennet
  id: '32643'
  last_name: Gebken
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Müller, Georg
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Peitz, Sebastian
  id: '47427'
  last_name: Peitz
  orcid: 0000-0002-3389-793X
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Volkwein, Stefan
  last_name: Volkwein
citation:
  ama: Sonntag K, Gebken B, Müller G, Peitz S, Volkwein S. A Descent Method for Nonsmooth
    Multiobjective Optimization in Hilbert Spaces. <i>arXiv:240206376</i>. Published
    online 2024.
  apa: Sonntag, K., Gebken, B., Müller, G., Peitz, S., &#38; Volkwein, S. (2024).
    A Descent Method for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization in Hilbert Spaces.
    In <i>arXiv:2402.06376</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Sonntag_Gebken_Müller_Peitz_Volkwein_2024, title={A Descent Method
    for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization in Hilbert Spaces}, journal={arXiv:2402.06376},
    author={Sonntag, Konstantin and Gebken, Bennet and Müller, Georg and Peitz, Sebastian
    and Volkwein, Stefan}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Sonntag, Konstantin, Bennet Gebken, Georg Müller, Sebastian Peitz, and
    Stefan Volkwein. “A Descent Method for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization in
    Hilbert Spaces.” <i>ArXiv:2402.06376</i>, 2024.
  ieee: K. Sonntag, B. Gebken, G. Müller, S. Peitz, and S. Volkwein, “A Descent Method
    for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization in Hilbert Spaces,” <i>arXiv:2402.06376</i>.
    2024.
  mla: Sonntag, Konstantin, et al. “A Descent Method for Nonsmooth Multiobjective
    Optimization in Hilbert Spaces.” <i>ArXiv:2402.06376</i>, 2024.
  short: K. Sonntag, B. Gebken, G. Müller, S. Peitz, S. Volkwein, ArXiv:2402.06376
    (2024).
date_created: 2024-02-13T09:35:26Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T10:21:03Z
department:
- _id: '101'
- _id: '655'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - "\t2402.06376"
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06376
oa: '1'
publication: arXiv:2402.06376
status: public
title: A Descent Method for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization in Hilbert Spaces
type: preprint
user_id: '56399'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '40171'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a convolutional framework which significantly reduces the complexity
    and thus, the computational effort for distributed reinforcement learning control
    of dynamical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Exploiting
    translational equivariances, the high-dimensional distributed control problem
    can be transformed into a multi-agent control problem with many identical, uncoupled
    agents. Furthermore, using the fact that information is transported with finite
    velocity in many cases, the dimension of the agents’ environment can be drastically
    reduced using a convolution operation over the state space of the PDE, by which
    we effectively tackle the curse of dimensionality otherwise present in deep reinforcement
    learning. In this setting, the complexity can be flexibly adjusted via the kernel
    width or by using a stride greater than one (meaning that we do not place an actuator
    at each sensor location). Moreover, scaling from smaller to larger domains – or
    the transfer between different domains – becomes a straightforward task requiring
    little effort. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework using
    several PDE examples with increasing complexity, where stabilization is achieved
    by training a low-dimensional deep deterministic policy gradient agent using minimal
    computing resources.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Peitz, Sebastian
  id: '47427'
  last_name: Peitz
  orcid: 0000-0002-3389-793X
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Stenner, Jan
  id: '65520'
  last_name: Stenner
- first_name: Vikas
  full_name: Chidananda, Vikas
  last_name: Chidananda
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Wallscheid, Oliver
  id: '11291'
  last_name: Wallscheid
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-8777
- first_name: Steven L.
  full_name: Brunton, Steven L.
  last_name: Brunton
- first_name: Kunihiko
  full_name: Taira, Kunihiko
  last_name: Taira
citation:
  ama: 'Peitz S, Stenner J, Chidananda V, Wallscheid O, Brunton SL, Taira K. Distributed
    Control of Partial Differential Equations Using  Convolutional Reinforcement Learning.
    <i>Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena</i>. 2024;461:134096. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096">10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096</a>'
  apa: 'Peitz, S., Stenner, J., Chidananda, V., Wallscheid, O., Brunton, S. L., &#38;
    Taira, K. (2024). Distributed Control of Partial Differential Equations Using 
    Convolutional Reinforcement Learning. <i>Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena</i>, <i>461</i>,
    134096. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Peitz_Stenner_Chidananda_Wallscheid_Brunton_Taira_2024, title={Distributed
    Control of Partial Differential Equations Using  Convolutional Reinforcement Learning},
    volume={461}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096">10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096</a>},
    journal={Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Peitz,
    Sebastian and Stenner, Jan and Chidananda, Vikas and Wallscheid, Oliver and Brunton,
    Steven L. and Taira, Kunihiko}, year={2024}, pages={134096} }'
  chicago: 'Peitz, Sebastian, Jan Stenner, Vikas Chidananda, Oliver Wallscheid, Steven
    L. Brunton, and Kunihiko Taira. “Distributed Control of Partial Differential Equations
    Using  Convolutional Reinforcement Learning.” <i>Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena</i>
    461 (2024): 134096. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Peitz, J. Stenner, V. Chidananda, O. Wallscheid, S. L. Brunton, and K.
    Taira, “Distributed Control of Partial Differential Equations Using  Convolutional
    Reinforcement Learning,” <i>Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena</i>, vol. 461, p. 134096,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096">10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096</a>.'
  mla: 'Peitz, Sebastian, et al. “Distributed Control of Partial Differential Equations
    Using  Convolutional Reinforcement Learning.” <i>Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena</i>,
    vol. 461, Elsevier, 2024, p. 134096, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096">10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096</a>.'
  short: 'S. Peitz, J. Stenner, V. Chidananda, O. Wallscheid, S.L. Brunton, K. Taira,
    Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 461 (2024) 134096.'
date_created: 2023-01-26T07:56:26Z
date_updated: 2024-02-23T10:53:42Z
department:
- _id: '655'
doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096
intvolume: '       461'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2024.134096
oa: '1'
page: '134096'
publication: 'Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena'
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Distributed Control of Partial Differential Equations Using  Convolutional
  Reinforcement Learning
type: journal_article
user_id: '47427'
volume: 461
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '52318'
author:
- first_name: Svitlana
  full_name: Dorociak, Svitlana
  last_name: Dorociak
citation:
  ama: Dorociak S. <i>Implementierung Eines Algorithmus Zur Motivbasierten Schnitt-Sparsifizierung</i>.;
    2024.
  apa: Dorociak, S. (2024). <i>Implementierung eines Algorithmus zur motivbasierten
    Schnitt-Sparsifizierung</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Dorociak_2024, title={Implementierung eines Algorithmus zur motivbasierten
    Schnitt-Sparsifizierung}, author={Dorociak, Svitlana}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Dorociak, Svitlana. <i>Implementierung Eines Algorithmus Zur Motivbasierten
    Schnitt-Sparsifizierung</i>, 2024.
  ieee: S. Dorociak, <i>Implementierung eines Algorithmus zur motivbasierten Schnitt-Sparsifizierung</i>.
    2024.
  mla: Dorociak, Svitlana. <i>Implementierung Eines Algorithmus Zur Motivbasierten
    Schnitt-Sparsifizierung</i>. 2024.
  short: S. Dorociak, Implementierung Eines Algorithmus Zur Motivbasierten Schnitt-Sparsifizierung,
    2024.
date_created: 2024-03-05T12:52:59Z
date_updated: 2024-03-05T12:53:25Z
department:
- _id: '34'
- _id: '7'
- _id: '79'
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Scheideler, Christian
  id: '20792'
  last_name: Scheideler
title: Implementierung eines Algorithmus zur motivbasierten Schnitt-Sparsifizierung
type: bachelorsthesis
user_id: '15578'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '33461'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Data-driven models for nonlinear dynamical systems based on approximating
    the underlying Koopman operator or generator have proven to be successful tools
    for forecasting, feature learning, state estimation, and control. It has become
    well known that the Koopman generators for control-affine systems also have affine
    dependence on the input, leading to convenient finite-dimensional bilinear approximations
    of the dynamics. Yet there are still two main obstacles that limit the scope of
    current approaches for approximating the Koopman generators of systems with actuation.
    First, the performance of existing methods depends heavily on the choice of basis
    functions over which the Koopman generator is to be approximated; and there is
    currently no universal way to choose them for systems that are not measure preserving.
    Secondly, if we do not observe the full state, we may not gain access to a sufficiently
    rich collection of such functions to describe the dynamics. This is because the
    commonly used method of forming time-delayed observables fails when there is actuation.
    To remedy these issues, we write the dynamics of observables governed by the Koopman
    generator as a bilinear hidden Markov model, and determine the model parameters
    using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The E-step involves a standard
    Kalman filter and smoother, while the M-step resembles control-affine dynamic
    mode decomposition for the generator. We demonstrate the performance of this method
    on three examples, including recovery of a finite-dimensional Koopman-invariant
    subspace for an actuated system with a slow manifold; estimation of Koopman eigenfunctions
    for the unforced Duffing equation; and model-predictive control of a fluidic pinball
    system based only on noisy observations of lift and drag.
author:
- first_name: Samuel E.
  full_name: Otto, Samuel E.
  last_name: Otto
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Peitz, Sebastian
  id: '47427'
  last_name: Peitz
  orcid: 0000-0002-3389-793X
- first_name: Clarence W.
  full_name: Rowley, Clarence W.
  last_name: Rowley
citation:
  ama: Otto SE, Peitz S, Rowley CW. Learning Bilinear Models of Actuated Koopman Generators
    from  Partially-Observed Trajectories. <i>SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems</i>.
    2024;23(1):885-923. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601">10.1137/22M1523601</a>
  apa: Otto, S. E., Peitz, S., &#38; Rowley, C. W. (2024). Learning Bilinear Models
    of Actuated Koopman Generators from  Partially-Observed Trajectories. <i>SIAM
    Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems</i>, <i>23</i>(1), 885–923. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601">https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Otto_Peitz_Rowley_2024, title={Learning Bilinear Models of Actuated
    Koopman Generators from  Partially-Observed Trajectories}, volume={23}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601">10.1137/22M1523601</a>}, number={1},
    journal={SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems}, publisher={SIAM}, author={Otto,
    Samuel E. and Peitz, Sebastian and Rowley, Clarence W.}, year={2024}, pages={885–923}
    }'
  chicago: 'Otto, Samuel E., Sebastian Peitz, and Clarence W. Rowley. “Learning Bilinear
    Models of Actuated Koopman Generators from  Partially-Observed Trajectories.”
    <i>SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems</i> 23, no. 1 (2024): 885–923. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601">https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. E. Otto, S. Peitz, and C. W. Rowley, “Learning Bilinear Models of Actuated
    Koopman Generators from  Partially-Observed Trajectories,” <i>SIAM Journal on
    Applied Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 885–923, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601">10.1137/22M1523601</a>.'
  mla: Otto, Samuel E., et al. “Learning Bilinear Models of Actuated Koopman Generators
    from  Partially-Observed Trajectories.” <i>SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems</i>,
    vol. 23, no. 1, SIAM, 2024, pp. 885–923, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/22M1523601">10.1137/22M1523601</a>.
  short: S.E. Otto, S. Peitz, C.W. Rowley, SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems
    23 (2024) 885–923.
date_created: 2022-09-22T07:21:40Z
date_updated: 2024-03-18T10:40:08Z
department:
- _id: '655'
doi: 10.1137/22M1523601
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2209.09977'
intvolume: '        23'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.09977.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 885-923
project:
- _id: '52'
  name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
publication: SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems
publication_status: published
publisher: SIAM
status: public
title: Learning Bilinear Models of Actuated Koopman Generators from  Partially-Observed
  Trajectories
type: journal_article
user_id: '47427'
volume: 23
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '52663'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Context\r\nStatic analyses are well-established to aid in understanding bugs
    or vulnerabilities during the development process or in large-scale studies. A
    low false-positive rate is essential for the adaption in practice and for precise
    results of empirical studies. Unfortunately, static analyses tend to report where
    a vulnerability manifests rather than the fix location. This can cause presumed
    false positives or imprecise results.\r\nMethod\r\nTo address this problem, we
    designed an adaption of an existing static analysis algorithm that can distinguish
    between a manifestation and fix location, and reports error chains. An error chain
    represents at least two interconnected errors that occur successively, thus building
    the connection between the fix and manifestation location. We used our tool CogniCryptSUBS
    for a case study on 471 GitHub repositories, a performance benchmark to compare
    different analysis configurations, and conducted an expert interview.\r\nResult\r\nWe
    found that 50 % of the projects with a report had at least one error chain. Our
    runtime benchmark demonstrated that our improvement caused only a minimal runtime
    overhead of less than 4 %. The results of our expert interview indicate that with
    our adapted version participants require fewer executions of the analysis.\r\nConclusion\r\nOur
    results indicate that error chains occur frequently in real-world projects, and
    ignoring them can lead to imprecise evaluation results. The runtime benchmark
    indicates that our tool is a feasible and efficient solution for detecting error
    chains in real-world projects. Further, our results gave a hint that the usability
    of static analyses may benefit from supporting error chains."
author:
- first_name: Anna-Katharina
  full_name: Wickert, Anna-Katharina
  last_name: Wickert
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Schlichtig, Michael
  id: '32312'
  last_name: Schlichtig
  orcid: 0000-0001-6600-6171
- first_name: Marvin
  full_name: Vogel, Marvin
  last_name: Vogel
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Winter, Lukas
  last_name: Winter
- first_name: Mira
  full_name: Mezini, Mira
  last_name: Mezini
- first_name: Eric
  full_name: Bodden, Eric
  id: '59256'
  last_name: Bodden
  orcid: 0000-0003-3470-3647
citation:
  ama: Wickert A-K, Schlichtig M, Vogel M, Winter L, Mezini M, Bodden E. <i>Supporting
    Error Chains in Static Analysis for Precise Evaluation Results and Enhanced Usability</i>.;
    2024.
  apa: Wickert, A.-K., Schlichtig, M., Vogel, M., Winter, L., Mezini, M., &#38; Bodden,
    E. (2024). <i>Supporting Error Chains in Static Analysis for Precise Evaluation
    Results and Enhanced Usability</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Wickert_Schlichtig_Vogel_Winter_Mezini_Bodden_2024, title={Supporting
    Error Chains in Static Analysis for Precise Evaluation Results and Enhanced Usability},
    author={Wickert, Anna-Katharina and Schlichtig, Michael and Vogel, Marvin and
    Winter, Lukas and Mezini, Mira and Bodden, Eric}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Wickert, Anna-Katharina, Michael Schlichtig, Marvin Vogel, Lukas Winter,
    Mira Mezini, and Eric Bodden. <i>Supporting Error Chains in Static Analysis for
    Precise Evaluation Results and Enhanced Usability</i>, 2024.
  ieee: A.-K. Wickert, M. Schlichtig, M. Vogel, L. Winter, M. Mezini, and E. Bodden,
    <i>Supporting Error Chains in Static Analysis for Precise Evaluation Results and
    Enhanced Usability</i>. 2024.
  mla: Wickert, Anna-Katharina, et al. <i>Supporting Error Chains in Static Analysis
    for Precise Evaluation Results and Enhanced Usability</i>. 2024.
  short: A.-K. Wickert, M. Schlichtig, M. Vogel, L. Winter, M. Mezini, E. Bodden,
    Supporting Error Chains in Static Analysis for Precise Evaluation Results and
    Enhanced Usability, 2024.
date_created: 2024-03-20T09:28:36Z
date_updated: 2024-03-20T09:32:29Z
department:
- _id: '76'
keyword:
- Static analysis
- error chains
- false positive re- duction
- empirical studies
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07808
status: public
title: Supporting Error Chains in Static Analysis for Precise Evaluation Results and
  Enhanced Usability
type: misc
user_id: '32312'
year: '2024'
...
