@article{27800, abstract = {{ A lower 24-h urine pH (24h-pH), i.e., a higher renal excretion of free protons, at a given acid load to the body, denotes a reduction in the kidney’s capacity for net acid excretion (NAE). There is increasing evidence, not only for patients with type 2 diabetes but also for healthy individuals, that higher body fatness or waist circumference (WC) has a negative impact on renal function to excrete acids (NAE). We hypothesized that adiposity-related inflammation molecules might mediate this relation between adiposity and renal acid excretion function. Twelve biomarkers of inflammation were measured in fasting blood samples from 162 adult participants (18–25 yr old) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had undergone anthropometric measurements and collected 24-h urine samples. Both Baron and Kenny’s (B&K’s) steps to test mediation and causal mediation analysis were conducted to examine the potential mediatory roles of biomarkers of inflammation in the WC-24-h pH relationship after strictly controlling for laboratory-measured NAE. In B&K’s mediation analysis, leptin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and adiponectin significantly associated with the outcome 24-h pH and attenuated the WC-pH relation. In agreement herewith, causal mediation analysis estimated the “natural indirect effects” of WC on 24-h pH via leptin ( P = 0.01) and adiponectin ( P = 0.03) to be significant, with a trend for sICAM-1 ( P = 0.09). The calculated proportions mediated by leptin, adiponectin, and sICAM-1 were 64%, 23%, and 12%, respectively. Both mediation analyses identified an inflammatory cytokine (leptin) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (adiponectin) along with sICAM-1 as being potentially involved in mediating adiposity-related influences on renal acid excretion capacity. }}, author = {{Hua, Yifan and Herder, Christian and Kalhoff, Hermann and Buyken, Anette and Esche, Jonas and Krupp, Danika and Wudy, Stefan A. and Remer, Thomas}}, issn = {{1931-857X}}, journal = {{American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology}}, pages = {{F469--F475}}, title = {{{Inflammatory mediators in the adipo-renal axis: leptin, adiponectin, and soluble ICAM-1}}}, doi = {{10.1152/ajprenal.00257.2020}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27801, author = {{Nyasordzi, Juliana and Penczynski, Katharina and Remer, Thomas and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{1932-6203}}, journal = {{PLOS ONE}}, title = {{{Early life factors and their relevance to intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in early adulthood}}}, doi = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0233227}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27803, author = {{Schwingshackl, Lukas and Neuenschwander, Manuela and Hoffmann, Georg and Buyken, Anette and Schlesinger, Sabrina}}, issn = {{0002-9165}}, journal = {{The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition}}, pages = {{917--918}}, title = {{{Reply to Khan et al.}}}, doi = {{10.1093/ajcn/nqaa006}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27806, abstract = {{AbstractTrend analyses based on dietary records suggest decreases in the intakes of total sugar (TS), added and free sugar since 2005 among children and adolescents in Germany. In terms of age trends, TS intake decreased with increasing age. However, self-reported sugar intake in epidemiological studies is criticised, as it may be prone to bias due to selective underreporting. Furthermore, adolescents are more susceptible to underreporting than children. We thus analysed time and age trends in urinary fructose excretion (FE), sucrose excretion (SE) and the sum of both (FE + SE) as biomarkers for sugar intake among 8·5–16·5-year-old adolescents. Urinary sugar excretion was measured by UPLC-MS/MS in 997 24-h urine samples collected from 239 boys and 253 girls participating in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study cohort between 1990 and 2016. Time and age trends of log-transformed FE, SE and FE + SE were analysed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Between 1990 and 2016, FE as well as FE + SE decreased (linear time trend: P = 0·0272 and P < 0·0001, respectively). A minor increase in excretion during adolescence was confined to FE (linear age trend: P = 0·0017). The present 24-h excretion measurements support a previously reported dietary record-based decline in sugar intake since 2005. However, the previously seen dietary record-based decrease in TS from childhood to late adolescence was not confirmed by our biomarker analysis, suggesting a constant sugar intake for the period of adolescence.}}, author = {{Perrar, Ines and Gray, Nicola and Kuhnle, Gunter G. and Remer, Thomas and Buyken, Anette and Alexy, Ute}}, issn = {{0007-1145}}, journal = {{British Journal of Nutrition}}, pages = {{164--172}}, title = {{{Sugar intake among German adolescents: trends from 1990 to 2016 based on biomarker excretion in 24-h urine samples}}}, doi = {{10.1017/s0007114520000665}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27807, abstract = {{There is no question that elevated postprandial glycemia is a significant driver of common chronic diseases globally [...]}}, author = {{Brand-Miller, Jennie and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{2072-6643}}, journal = {{Nutrients}}, title = {{{The Relationship between Glycemic Index and Health}}}, doi = {{10.3390/nu12020536}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{21022, author = {{Allgaier, M. and Ansari, V. and Donohue, J. M. and Eigner, Christof and Quiring, V. and Ricken, R. and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}}, issn = {{2469-9926}}, journal = {{Physical Review A}}, title = {{{Pulse shaping using dispersion-engineered difference frequency generation}}}, doi = {{10.1103/physreva.101.043819}}, volume = {{101}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{21024, author = {{Ansari, Vahid and Donohue, John M. and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}}, issn = {{1094-4087}}, journal = {{Optics Express}}, number = {{19}}, title = {{{Remotely projecting states of photonic temporal modes}}}, doi = {{10.1364/oe.395593}}, volume = {{28}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{21239, abstract = {{The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia (NH3) is a promising alternative route for an NH3 synthesis at ambient conditions to the conventional high temperature and pressure Haber--Bosch process without the need for hydrogen gas. Single metal ions or atoms are attractive candidates for the catalytic activation of non-reactive nitrogen (N2), and for future targeted improvement of NRR catalysts, it is of utmost importance to get detailed insights into structure-performance relationships and mechanisms of N2 activation in such structures. Here, we report density functional theory studies on the NRR catalyzed by single Au and Fe atoms supported in graphitic C2N materials. Our results show that the metal atoms present in the structure of C2N are the reactive sites, which catalyze the aforesaid reaction by strong adsorption and activation of N2. We further demonstrate that a lower onset electrode potential is required for Fe--C2N than for Au--C2N. Thus, Fe--C2N is theoretically predicted to be a potentially better NRR catalyst at ambient conditions than Au--C2N owing to the larger adsorption energy of N2 molecules. Furthermore, we have experimentally shown that single sites of Au and Fe supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon are indeed active NRR catalysts. However, in contrast to our theoretical results, the Au-based catalyst performed slightly better with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 10.1{\%} than the Fe-based catalyst with an FE of 8.4{\%} at −0.2 V vs. RHE. The DFT calculations suggest that this difference is due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and higher desorption energy of ammonia.}}, author = {{Sahoo, Sudhir K. and Heske, Julian Joachim and Antonietti, Markus and Qin, Qing and Oschatz, Martin and Kühne, Thomas}}, journal = {{ACS Applied Energy Materials}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{10061--10069}}, publisher = {{American Chemical Society}}, title = {{{Electrochemical N2 Reduction to Ammonia Using Single Au/Fe Atoms Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon}}}, doi = {{10.1021/acsaem.0c01740}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17375, author = {{Zhou, Jiaqi and Khazaei, Mohammad and Ranjbar, Ahmad and Wang, Vei and Kühne, Thomas D. and Ohno, Kaoru and Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki and Liang, Yunye}}, journal = {{J. Mater. Chem. C}}, pages = {{5211--5221}}, publisher = {{The Royal Society of Chemistry}}, title = {{{Modulation of nearly free electron states in hydroxyl-functionalized MXenes: a first-principles study}}}, doi = {{10.1039/C9TC06837F}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17379, author = {{Kumar Sahoo, Sudhir and Heske, Julian Joachim and Azadi, Sam and Zhang, Zhenzhe and V Tarakina, Nadezda and Oschatz, Martin and Z. Khaliullin, Rustam and Antonietti, Markus and Kühne, Thomas}}, journal = {{Scientific Reports}}, number = {{1}}, title = {{{On the Possibility of Helium Adsorption in Nitrogen Doped Graphitic Materials}}}, doi = {{10.1038/s41598-020-62638-z}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17381, author = {{Elgabarty, Hossam and Kampfrath, Tobias and Bonthuis, Douwe Jan and Balos, Vasileios and Kaliannan, Naveen Kumar and Loche, Philip and Netz, Roland R. and Wolf, Martin and K{\, Thomas D. and Sajadi, Mohsen}}, journal = {{Science Advances}}, number = {{17}}, publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}}, title = {{{Energy transfer within the hydrogen bonding network of water following resonant terahertz excitation}}}, doi = {{10.1126/sciadv.aay7074}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17386, author = {{Kühne, Thomas D. and Iannuzzi, Marcella and Del Ben, Mauro and Rybkin, Vladimir V. and Seewald, Patrick and Stein, Frederick and Laino, Teodoro and Khaliullin, Rustam Z. and Schütt, Ole and Schiffmann, Florian and al., et}}, issn = {{1089-7690}}, journal = {{The Journal of Chemical Physics}}, number = {{19}}, pages = {{194103}}, publisher = {{AIP Publishing}}, title = {{{CP2K: An electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package - Quickstep: Efficient and accurate electronic structure calculations}}}, doi = {{10.1063/5.0007045}}, volume = {{152}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17390, author = {{Chantakit, Teanchai and Schlickriede, Christian and Sain, Basudeb and Meyer, Fabian and Weiss, Thomas and Chattham, Nattaporn and Zentgraf, Thomas}}, issn = {{2327-9125}}, journal = {{Photonics Research}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{1435--1440}}, publisher = {{OSA}}, title = {{{All-dielectric silicon metalens for two-dimensional particle manipulation in optical tweezers}}}, doi = {{10.1364/prj.389200}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17433, author = {{Wang, D. Q. and Reuter, Dirk and Wieck, A. D. and Hamilton, A. R. and Klochan, O.}}, issn = {{0003-6951}}, journal = {{Applied Physics Letters}}, title = {{{Two-dimensional lateral surface superlattices in GaAs heterostructures with independent control of carrier density and modulation potential}}}, doi = {{10.1063/5.0009462}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17434, author = {{Kunnathully, Vinay S. and Riedl, Thomas and Trapp, Alexander and Langer, Timo and Reuter, Dirk and Lindner, Jörg K.N.}}, issn = {{0022-0248}}, journal = {{Journal of Crystal Growth}}, title = {{{InAs heteroepitaxy on nanopillar-patterned GaAs (111)A}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125597}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17435, author = {{Geier, M. and Freudenfeld, J. and Silva, J. T. and Umansky, V. and Reuter, Dirk and Wieck, A. D. and Brouwer, P. W. and Ludwig, S.}}, issn = {{2469-9950}}, journal = {{Physical Review B}}, title = {{{Electrostatic potential shape of gate-defined quantum point contacts}}}, doi = {{10.1103/physrevb.101.165429}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17436, abstract = {{The study of electron transport in low-dimensional systems is of importance, not only from a fundamental point of view, but also for future electronic and spintronic devices. In this context heterostructures containing a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are a key technology. In particular GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures, with a 2DEG at typically 100 nm below the surface, are widely studied. In order to explore electron transport in such systems, low-resistance ohmic contacts are required that connect the 2DEG to macroscopic measurement leads at the surface. Here we report on designing and measuring a dedicated device for unraveling the various resistance contributions in such contacts, which include pristine 2DEG series resistance, the 2DEG resistance under a contact, the contact resistance itself, and the influence of pressing a bonding wire onto a contact. We also report here a recipe for contacts with very low resistance values that remain below 10 Ω for annealing times between 20 and 350 s, hence providing the flexibility to use this method for materials with different 2DEG depths. The type of heating, temperature ramp rate and gas forming used for annealing is found to strongly influence the annealing process and hence the quality of the resulting contacts.}}, author = {{Javaid Iqbal, Muhammad and Reuter, Dirk and Wieck, Andreas Dirk and van der Wal, Caspar}}, issn = {{1286-0042}}, journal = {{The European Physical Journal Applied Physics}}, title = {{{Characterization of low-resistance ohmic contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure}}}, doi = {{10.1051/epjap/2020190202}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17437, author = {{Ebler, C. and Labud, P. A. and Rai, A. K. and Reuter, Dirk and Wieck, A. D. and Ludwig, A.}}, issn = {{2469-9950}}, journal = {{Physical Review B}}, title = {{{Electrical detection of excitonic states by time-resolved conductance measurements}}}, doi = {{10.1103/physrevb.101.125303}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{17523, abstract = {{Compact and robust cold atom sources are increasingly important for quantum research, especially for transferring cutting-edge quantum science into practical applications. In this study, we report on a novel scheme that uses a metasurface optical chip to replace the conventional bulky optical elements used to produce a cold atomic ensemble with a single incident laser beam, which is split by the metasurface into multiple beams of the desired polarization states. Atom numbers ~107 and temperatures (about 35 μK) of relevance to quantum sensing are achieved in a compact and robust fashion. Our work highlights the substantial progress toward fully integrated cold atom quantum devices by exploiting metasurface optical chips, which may have great potential in quantum sensing, quantum computing, and other areas.}}, author = {{Zhu, Lingxiao and Liu, Xuan and Sain, Basudeb and Wang, Mengyao and Schlickriede, Christian and Tang, Yutao and Deng, Junhong and Li, Kingfai and Yang, Jun and Holynski, Michael and Zhang, Shuang and Zentgraf, Thomas and Bongs, Kai and Lien, Yu-Hung and Li, Guixin}}, issn = {{2375-2548}}, journal = {{Science Advances}}, number = {{31}}, publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}}, title = {{{A dielectric metasurface optical chip for the generation of cold atoms}}}, doi = {{10.1126/sciadv.abb6667}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{23599, abstract = {{Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) has become an increasingly popular technique for quantitative structural characterization and comparison of thin films. For this purpose, accurate intensity normalization and peak position determination are crucial. At present, few tools exist to estimate the uncertainties of these measurements. Here, a simulation package is introduced called GIWAXS-SIIRkit, where SIIR stands for scattering intensity, indexing and refraction. The package contains several tools that are freely available for download and can be executed in MATLAB. The package includes three functionalities: estimation of the relative scattering intensity and the corresponding uncertainty based on experimental setup and sample dimensions; extraction and indexing of peak positions to approximate the crystal structure of organic materials starting from calibrated GIWAXS patterns; and analysis of the effects of refraction on peak positions. Each tool is based on a graphical user interface and designed to have a short learning curve. A user guide is provided with detailed usage instruction, tips for adding functionality and customization, and exemplary files.}}, author = {{Savikhin, Victoria and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Liang, Ru-Ze and Collins, Brian A. and Oosterhout, Stefan D. and Beaujuge, Pierre M. and Toney, Michael F.}}, issn = {{1600-5767}}, journal = {{Journal of Applied Crystallography}}, pages = {{1108--1129}}, title = {{{GIWAXS-SIIRkit: scattering intensity, indexing and refraction calculation toolkit for grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of organic materials}}}, doi = {{10.1107/s1600576720005476}}, volume = {{53}}, year = {{2020}}, }