@article{34114,
  abstract     = {{Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) enables researchers in international management to better understand how the impact of a single explanatory factor depends on the context of other factors. But the analytical toolbox of QCA does not include a parameter for the explanatory power of a single explanatory factor or “condition”. In this paper, we therefore reinterpret the Banzhaf power index, originally developed in cooperative game theory, to establish a goodness-of-fit parameter in QCA. The relative Banzhaf index we suggest measures the explanatory power of one condition averaged across all sufficient combinations of conditions. The paper argues that the index is especially informative in three situations that are all salient in international management and call for a context-sensitive analysis of single conditions, namely substantial limited diversity in the data, the emergence of strong INUS conditions in the analysis, and theorizing with contingency factors. The paper derives the properties of the relative Banzhaf index in QCA, demonstrates how the index can be computed easily from a rudimentary truth table, and explores its insights by revisiting selected papers in international management that apply fuzzy-set QCA. It finally suggests a three-step procedure for utilizing the relative Banzhaf index when the causal structure involves both contingency effects and configurational causation.
}},
  author       = {{Haake, Claus-Jochen and Schneider, Martin}},
  journal      = {{Journal of International Management}},
  keywords     = {{Qualitative comparative analysis, Banzhaf power index, causality, explanatory power}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Playing games with QCA: Measuring the explanatory power of single conditions with the Banzhaf index}}},
  volume       = {{30}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{50719,
  abstract     = {{We propose an indicator for detecting anomalous stock market valuation in real time such that market participants receive timely signals so as to be able to take stabilizing action. Unlike existing approaches, our anomaly indicator introduces three methodological novelties. First, we use an endogenous, purely data-driven, nonparametric trend identification method to separate long-term market movements from more short-term ones. Second, we apply SETAR models that allow for asymmetric expansions and contractions around the long-term trend and find systematic stock price cycles. Third, we implement these findings in our indicator and conduct real-time market forecasts, which have so far been neglected in the literature. Applications of our indicator using monthly S&P 500 stock data from 1970 to the end of 2022 show that short-term anomalous market movements can be identified in real time up to one year ahead. We predict all major anomalies, including the 1987 Bubble and the initial phase of the Financial Crisis that began in 2007. In total, our anomaly indicator identifies more than 80% of all – even minor – anomalous episodes. Thus, smoothing market exaggerations through early signaling seems possible.}},
  author       = {{Fritz, Marlon and Gries, Thomas and Wiechers, Lukas}},
  issn         = {{1469-7688}},
  journal      = {{Quantitative Finance}},
  keywords     = {{General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Finance}},
  pages        = {{1--14}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{An early indicator for anomalous stock market performance}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/14697688.2023.2281529}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@book{56154,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Is Artificial Intelligence a more significant invention than electricity? Will it result in explosive economic growth and unimaginable wealth for all, or will it cause the extinction of all humans? Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models provides a sober analysis of these questions from an economics perspective. It argues that to better understand the impact of AI on economic outcomes, we must fundamentally change the way we think about AI in relation to models of economic growth. It describes the progress that has been made so far and offers two ways in which current modelling can be improved: firstly, to incorporate the nature of AI as providing abilities that complement and/or substitute for labour, and secondly, to consider demand-side constraints. Outlining the decision-theory basis of both AI and economics, this book shows how this, and the incorporation of AI into economic models, can provide useful tools for safe, human-centered AI.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Naudé, Wim and Gries, Thomas and Dimitri, Nicola}},
  isbn         = {{9781009483094}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  title        = {{{Artificial Intelligence}}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/9781009483094}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{58177,
  author       = {{Dannenberg, Astrid and Gutsche, Gunnar and Batzke, Marlene C. L. and Christens, Sven and Engler, Daniel and Mankat, Fabian and Möller, Sophia and Weingärtner, Eva and Ernst, Andreas and Lumkowsky, Marcel and von Wangenheim, Georg and Hornung, Gerrit and Ziegler, Andreas}},
  issn         = {{1750-6816}},
  journal      = {{Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{165--187}},
  publisher    = {{University of Chicago Press}},
  title        = {{{The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior}}},
  doi          = {{10.1086/727588}},
  volume       = {{18}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{59347,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination is a highly effective method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate severe disease. In Germany, adult vaccination rates are relatively high at 85.5%, but rates are significantly lower for adolescents (69.6%) and children (20.0%). This discrepancy indicates that not all vaccinated parents choose to vaccinate their children. Analyzing data from a January 2022 online survey of 1,819 parents with children and adolescents, we explore the socio-economic factors influencing parents’ willingness to vaccinate themselves and their children. Our results show that individuals who vote for either side of the political extremes are less likely to vaccinate their children. This pattern is particularly strong for voters on the far right. In addition, we find that better educated parents are more likely to vaccinate both themselves and their children. Parents who vaccinate both themselves and their children demonstrate greater confidence in the vaccine’s effectiveness, while those who vaccinate only themselves are often motivated by a desire to regain personal freedoms. These insights highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to address specific concerns and improve vaccination rates among children and adolescents.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hörnig, Lukas and Schaffner, Sandra and Schmitz, Hendrik}},
  issn         = {{2045-2322}},
  journal      = {{Scientific Reports}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41598-024-74963-8}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{59346,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Vaccination willingness against COVID-19 is generally perceived as low. Moreover, there is large heterogeneity across and within countries. As a whole, Germany has average vaccination rates compared to other industrialized countries. However, vaccination rates in the 16 different German federal states differ by more than 20 percentage points. We describe variation in vaccination rates on the level of the 400 German counties using data on all vaccinations carried out until December 2022. Around 52-72% of that variation can be explained by regional differences in demographic characteristics, housing, education and political party preferences. We find indications that the remaining part may be due to differences in soft factors such as risk aversion, trust in the German government, trust in science, and beliefs in conspiracy theories regarding the origins of the Corona virus. We conclude that improving the trust in science and the fight against conspiracy theories may possibly be effective tools to improve vaccination rates and effectively fight pandemics.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bade, Verena and Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}},
  issn         = {{1932-6203}},
  journal      = {{PLOS ONE}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{Public Library of Science (PLoS)}},
  title        = {{{Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany}}},
  doi          = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0296976}},
  volume       = {{19}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{60005,
  author       = {{Engler, Daniel and Gutsche, Gunnar and Simixhiu, Amantia and Ziegler, Andreas}},
  issn         = {{0140-9883}},
  journal      = {{Energy Economics}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Social norms and individual climate protection activities: A survey experiment for Germany}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108103}},
  volume       = {{142}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{60118,
  author       = {{Fritz, Marlon and Forstinger, Sarah and Feng, Yuanhua and Gries, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0266-4763}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Applied Statistics}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{1342--1360}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Forecasting economic growth by combining local linear and standard approaches}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/02664763.2024.2424920}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inbook{58364,
  author       = {{Kolosok, Svitlana and Myroshnychenko, Iuliia and Gries, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{The Elgar Companion to Energy and Sustainability}},
  isbn         = {{9781035307494}},
  publisher    = {{Edward Elgar Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Energy and sustainability: a balanced energy transition strategy}}},
  doi          = {{10.4337/9781035307494.00024}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@book{54545,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
               <jats:p>This book combines theoretical and empirical research across various academic disciplines, including economics, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and political science, to describe why individuals adopt political ideologies and how this choice can potentially exacerbate conflict and violence. Ideology is particularly important to conflict. Data on intra- and international conflict shows that the number of ideologically driven conflicts has increased tremendously in recent decades. Although some researchers have started to investigate extensively the link between ideology and conflict, they struggle to find holistic explanations through which ideologies might shape conflict. This book addresses this effort by providing an interrelated multidisciplinary framework to explain the multidimensional functions of ideology. It illustrates that ideologies are not only capable of shaping conflictual behavior or mobilizing political actors, but also of addressing human needs, desires, and preferences. Hence, this book seeks to explain how individuals adopt ideologies that match their underlying needs and preferences; that ideologies have the capacity to reconcile deprived psychological human needs; and that radical groups and organizations use ideologies to recruit individuals and pursue their objectives. To understand these relationships better and to apply the theoretical background to real-world situations, we include real-life cases that describe how depriving individuals of resources that satisfy their underlying needs and preferences can lead them to adopt particular ideologies that are disseminated by radical groups or organizations. These radical groups or organizations then make decisions, which can potentially lead to conflict onset and continuous long-term struggles.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Müller, Veronika and Gries, Thomas}},
  isbn         = {{0197670180}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University PressNew York}},
  title        = {{{Ideology and the Microfoundations of Conflict}}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/oso/9780197670187.001.0001}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{35637,
  abstract     = {{Individual cognitive functioning declines over time. We seek to understand how adverse physical health shocks in older ages contribute to this development. By use of event-study methods and data from the USA, England, and several countries in Continental Europe, we find evidence that health shocks lead to an immediate and persistent decline in cognitive functioning. This robust finding holds in all regions representing different health insurance systems and seems to be independent of underlying individual demographic characteristics such as sex and age. We also ask whether variables that are susceptible to policy action can reduce the negative consequences of a health shock. Our results suggest that neither compulsory education nor retirement regulations moderate the effects, thus emphasizing the importance for cognitive functioning of maintaining good physical health in old age.}},
  author       = {{Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz, Hendrik}},
  journal      = {{European Economic Review}},
  title        = {{{Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104320}},
  volume       = {{151}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{54715,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The ability of various policy activities to reduce the reproduction rate of the COVID-19 disease is widely discussed. Using a stringency index that comprises a variety of lockdown levels, such as school and workplace closures, we analyze the effectiveness of government restrictions. At the same time, we investigate the capacity of a range of lockdown measures to lower the reproduction rate by considering vaccination rates and testing strategies. By including all three components in an SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovery) model, we show that a general and comprehensive test strategy is instrumental in reducing the spread of COVID-19. The empirical study demonstrates that testing and isolation represent a highly effective and preferable approach towards overcoming the pandemic, in particular until vaccination rates have risen to the point of herd immunity.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Fritz, Marlon and Gries, Thomas and Redlin, Margarete}},
  issn         = {{2199-9023}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Health Economics and Management}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{585--607}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{The effectiveness of vaccination, testing, and lockdown strategies against COVID-19}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10754-023-09352-1}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{54714,
  author       = {{Gries, Thomas and Wiechers, Lukas and Luna-Victoria, Sebastian Jose}},
  journal      = {{Economics Bulletin}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{1865--1874}},
  title        = {{{Unconventional monetary policy and wealth inequality: evidence from the US}}},
  volume       = {{43}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{44591,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The ability of various policy activities to reduce the reproduction rate of the COVID-19 disease is widely discussed. Using a stringency index that comprises a variety of lockdown levels, such as school and workplace closures, we analyze the effectiveness of government restrictions. At the same time, we investigate the capacity of a range of lockdown measures to lower the reproduction rate by considering vaccination rates and testing strategies. By including all three components in an SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovery) model, we show that a general and comprehensive test strategy is instrumental in reducing the spread of COVID-19. The empirical study demonstrates that testing and isolation represent a highly effective and preferable approach towards overcoming the pandemic, in particular until vaccination rates have risen to the point of herd immunity.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Fritz, Marlon and Gries, Thomas and Redlin, Margarete}},
  issn         = {{2199-9023}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Health Economics and Management}},
  keywords     = {{Health Policy, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{The effectiveness of vaccination, testing, and lockdown strategies against COVID-19}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10754-023-09352-1}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{42638,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> We propose a new method to estimate and isolate the localization of knowledge spillovers due to the physical presence of a person, using after-application but pre-grant deaths of differently located coinventors of the same patent. The approach estimates the differences in local citations between the deceased and still-living inventors at increasingly distant radii. Patents receive 26 percent fewer citations from within a radius of 20 miles around the deceased, relative to still-living coinventors. Differences attenuate with time and distance, are stronger when still-living coinventors live farther from the deceased, and hold for a subsample of possibly premature deaths. (JEL O31, O33, O34, R32) </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Balsmeier, Benjamin and Fleming, Lee and Lück, Sonja}},
  issn         = {{2640-205X}},
  journal      = {{American Economic Review: Insights}},
  keywords     = {{Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Geography, Planning and Development}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{21--33}},
  publisher    = {{American Economic Association}},
  title        = {{{Isolating Personal Knowledge Spillovers: Coinventor Deaths and Spatial Citation Differentials}}},
  doi          = {{10.1257/aeri.20210275}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{44092,
  abstract     = {{We study how competition between physicians affects the provision of medical care. In
our theoretical model, physicians are faced with a heterogeneous patient population, in which patients
systematically vary with regard to both their responsiveness to the provided quality of care and their
state of health. We test the behavioral predictions derived from this model in a controlled laboratory
experiment. In line with the model, we observe that competition significantly improves patient benefits
as long as patients are able to respond to the quality provided. For those patients, who are not able
to choose a physician, competition even decreases the patient benefit compared to a situation without
competition. This decrease is in contrast to our theoretical prediction implying no change in benefits for
passive patients. Deviations from patient-optimal treatment are highest for passive patients in need of
a low quantity of medical services. With repetition, both, the positive effects of competition for active
patients as well as the negative effects of competition for passive patients become more pronounced. Our
results imply that competition can not only improve but also worsen patient outcome and that patients’
responsiveness to quality is decisive.}},
  author       = {{Brosig-Koch, Jeannette and Hehenkamp, Burkhard and Kokot, Johanna}},
  journal      = {{Health Economics}},
  keywords     = {{physician competition, patient characteristics, heterogeneity in quality responses, fee-for-service, laboratory experiment}},
  title        = {{{Who benefits from quality competition in health care? A theory and a laboratory experiment on the relevance of patient characteristics}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/hec.4689}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@techreport{44093,
  abstract     = {{We consider a model where for-profit providers compete in quality in a price-regulated market that has been opened to competition, and where the incumbent is located at the center of the market, facing high costs of relocation. The model is relevant in markets such as public health care, education and schooling, or postal services. We find that, when the regulated price is low or intermediate, the entrant strategically locates towards the corner of the market to keep the incumbent at the low monopoly quality level. For a high price, the entrant locates at the corner of the market and both providers implement higher quality compared to a monopoly. In any case, the entrant implements higher quality than the incumbent provider. Social welfare is always higher in a duopoly if the cost of quality is low. For higher cost levels welfare is non-monotonic in the price and it can be optimal to the regulator not to use its entire budget. Therefore, the welfare effect of entry depends on the price and the size of the entry cost, and the regulator should condition the decision to allow entry on an assessment of the entry cost.}},
  author       = {{Hehenkamp, Burkhard and Kaarbøe, Oddvar M.}},
  keywords     = {{Quality competition, Price regulation, Location choice, Product differentiation}},
  title        = {{{Price Regulation, Quality Competition and Location Choice with Costly Relocation}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@techreport{46534,
  abstract     = {{We study the effect of education on health (hospital stays, number of diagnosed conditions, self-rated poor health, and obesity) over the life-cycle in Germany, using compulsory schooling reforms as a source of exogenous variation. Our results suggest a positive correlation of health and education which increases over the life-cycle. We do not, however, find any positive local average treatment effects of an additional year of schooling on health or health care utilization for individuals up to age 79. An exception is obesity, where positive effects of schooling start to be visible around age 60 and become very large in age group 75-79. The results in age group 75-79 need to be interpreted with caution, however, due to small sample size and possible problems of attrition.}},
  author       = {{Schmitz, Hendrik and Tawiah, Beatrice Baaba}},
  keywords     = {{Education, health, life-cycle effects, compulsory schooling}},
  publisher    = {{RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}},
  title        = {{{Life-cycle health effects of compulsory schooling}}},
  volume       = {{1006}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@techreport{46521,
  author       = {{Freise, Diana and Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz, Hendrik}},
  issn         = {{1556-5068}},
  keywords     = {{General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Housing Situations and Local COVID-19 Infection Dynamics – A Case Study With Small-Area Data}}},
  doi          = {{10.2139/ssrn.4372490}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@techreport{46536,
  abstract     = {{We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza in Germany and Europe. Our identification strategy makes use of changes in compulsory schooling laws and allows to estimate local average treatment effects for individuals between 59 and 91 years of age. We find no significant effect of an additional year of schooling on vaccination status in Germany. Pooling data from Europe, we conclude that schooling increases the likelihood to vaccinate against COVID by an economically negligible effect of one percentage point (zero for influenza). However, we find indications that additional schooling increases fear of side effects from COVID vaccination.}},
  author       = {{Monsees, Daniel and Schmitz, Hendrik}},
  keywords     = {{COVID, influenza, vaccination, education, compulsory schooling}},
  publisher    = {{RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}},
  title        = {{{The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza}}},
  volume       = {{1011}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}