@inproceedings{16857, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband des 35. Symposiums für Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein (Deutschland)}}, location = {{Bad Staffelstein}}, title = {{{Einfluss der Betriebstemperatur auf den Wirkungsgrad von Modul-Wechselrichtern für PV-Netzeinspeisungen}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{19393, abstract = {{To provide a simple instrument to operate residential Load-Shifting or Demand-Side-Management systems, the measurement of the actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate method. Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While the specific CO2- emission is decreasing then ‒ due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side management indicator to lower specific CO2‒emssions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share of renewables vs. CO2-contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is quite low (r = 0.155) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation (r = - 0.687) between the EEX‒prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power plants that even operate at negative prices. }}, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.}}, issn = {{ 3-936338-73-6}}, keywords = {{Keywords: Load-Shifting, Demand-Side-Management, DSM, grid frequency, EEX, electricity trading prices, renewable share, flexibility, emissions, CO2}}, location = {{online}}, pages = {{1815 -- 1817}}, title = {{{Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.}}}, doi = {{10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{19390, abstract = {{Due to the strong reduction of PV prices, storage plays a dominating role in overall system costs. A steeper elevation angle would result in a more balanced seasonal PV yield, at the cost of PV yield reductions during summer, but allowing reduced storage capacities. Additionally, the effect of a single-axis tracking system has been investigated, generating more electricity during the morning and evening hours, thus reducing daily storage requirements. The necessary PV size and storage capacities required for the German energy supply (1,500 TWh after electrification of all sectors) via 100% renewable energies and a 50% solar share have been calculated via the HOMER Pro software, considering the bridging of periods of "dark lulls“ in winter, using costs of 2030 (Table 1). Results: The increase of module elevation angles above the typical 30° leads to a reduction of investment and supply costs. The optimum is reached at a cost reduction of -1.5% for an elevation angle at the latitude of the installation site. An explanation is that high elevation angles are favorable for clear winter days, but not at all for the critical days with diffuse irradiance only, so the battery capacity must be increased. For the same reason, tracking systems do not offer any cost advantage (at least for the ones without an option for horizontal positioning during diffuse days).}}, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Rustemovic, D. and Khatibi, Arash}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020}}, isbn = {{3-936338-73-6}}, keywords = {{Energy Storage, PV system integration, Large Grid-connected PV systems, Simulation, Energy Supply Options}}, location = {{online}}, pages = {{1818 -- 1819}}, title = {{{Reduction of required storage capacities for a 100% renewable energy supply in Germany, if new PV systems are installed with east-west tracking systems at increased elevation angles}}}, doi = {{10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{18387, abstract = {{ During comparative measurements of different PV microinverters, two yield issues came up that could not be explored via conventional efficiency measurements, but do have a significant impact on electrical energy yield: First category of issues are either sluggish or nervously acting maximum–power–point–tracking devices, which lead to reduced energy yields. The other category of issues is thermal: As a first explanation for observed reduced energy yields, it has been assumed that the conversion efficiency degrades at higher operating temperatures. This matter has been investigated in this article: A change in conversion efficiency could not be observed for elevated operation temperatures up to 50°C, despite high-precision and repeated measurements. But it was found that some inverters temporarily interrupted (or entirely stopped) operation after long periods of running at high temperatures. Also, a reduction in potential maximum power output has been detected for those inverters. Summarizing: With a high degree of certainty it can be stated that those reported yield losses have been caused by the temporary shutdowns and power limitations of the inverters.}}, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the EU PVSEC 2020 }}, issn = {{3-936338-73-6}}, keywords = {{AC-modules, Microinverter, Power Conditioning, Thermal Performance, Ventilation, Stability, Efficiency, Yield}}, location = {{online}}, pages = {{1179 -- 1180}}, title = {{{Elevated Temperatures Affecting Efficiency, Overall Performance and Energy Yield of PV Microinverters}}}, doi = {{10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-4AV.3.6}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{19383, abstract = {{Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation in the German electricity grid. While the specific CO2-emission is decreasing then - due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency should be increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and -off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side-management indicator to lower specific CO2-emissions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is applied). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and the correlations between grid frequency, share of renewables, CO2-contents, and actual price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between grid frequency and the share of renewables is quite low (r=0.155) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. As expected, there is a good anti-correlation (r=-0.687) between the EEX-prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good (r=0.665), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn't exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite baseload power plants that even operate at negative prices.}}, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020}}, keywords = {{CO2, EEX, Grid frequency, DSM, electricity price, Renewable share}}, location = {{online}}, pages = {{1672--1674}}, title = {{{Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management}}}, doi = {{10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{16899, abstract = {{To compare efficiency and yield of many micro-inverters available on the world market in 2014-2020, an in- and outdoor test laboratory at the University of Paderborn has been set up. The inverters have been fed by identical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp. To monitor accurately DC input, AC power output and energy yield, each of the micro-inverters has been equipped with a calibrated electricity meter. For micro-inverters requiring control units for grid-feeding that has been acquired also. The comparison covers efficiency-load characteristics as well as electrical energy yields. Purchase costs vary considerably between the models in comparison, sometimes inverter costs are higher than module costs, particularly if an additional grid-connection or interface device is needed for operation. The weighted conversion efficiency according to EU and CEC standards has been measured and calculated. While some inverters have been optimized for high irradiance levels, they ranked better at the CEC efficiency, others performed very well also for low irradiance levels, thus ranking higher at in the EU-efficiency tables. These results are deviating from the actual energy yield measurements, which show a slightly different ranking. At one inverter, an accurate, but very slow MPPT algorithm that barely could follow quickly changing irradiance levels could be the reason for this effect. Another inverter switched off after operation at high power output for a while. Apparently, some inverters are been optimized to show excellent EU and CEC efficiency ratings. Two of the inverters featuring two inputs did not show an exceptional performance at the EU- and CEC-ratings, but they achieved top ranks at the AC energy yield for the first years. For the customer, the AC yield is a major performance indicator of any microinverter and should be included in the datasheet.}}, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) JUNE 15 - AUGUST 21, 2020 VIRTUAL MEETING}}, issn = {{ 0160-8371}}, keywords = {{yield, AC, micro-inverter, MPPT, CEC rating, EU efficiency, Photovoltaic, Solar}}, location = {{VIRTUAL MEETING}}, pages = {{1429--1432}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Comparison of Microinverters: Update on Rankings of Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields}}}, doi = {{10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300953}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{16855, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}}, booktitle = {{Tagungsband des 35. Symposiums für Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein (Deutschland)}}, location = {{Bad Staffelstein}}, title = {{{Eignung der Netzfrequenz als Instrument der Entscheidungsfindung zur Auslösung von Lastverschiebungen bei niedrigen spezifischen CO2-Emissionen und EEX-Handelspreisen}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{16858, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 14th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, Düsseldorf (Deutschland), 10.–12. März 2020 (verschoben: 16.–18. März 2021)}}, location = {{Düsseldorf (Deutschland)}}, title = {{{Probability of Correct Decision–Making at Triggering of Load-Shifting Intended for low CO2-intensity and low EEX trading-prices via simple Grid Frequency Monitoring}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{15247, author = {{Grabo, Matti and Weber, Daniel and Paul, Andreas and Klaus, Tobias and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Krauter, Stefan and Kenig, Eugeny}}, location = {{Nordhausen}}, title = {{{Entwicklung eines thermischen 1D-Simulationsmodells zur Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung in Solarmodulen}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{15248, author = {{Grabo, Matti and Weber, Daniel and Paul, Andreas and Klaus, Tobias and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Kenig, Eugeny}}, location = {{Frankfurt am Main}}, title = {{{Numerische Untersuchung der Temperaturverteilung in PCM-integrierten Solarmodulen}}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inbook{48501, abstract = {{Gathering knowledge not only of the current but also the upcoming wind speed is getting more and more important as the experience of operating and maintaining wind turbines is increasing. Not only with regards to operation and maintenance tasks such as gearbox and generator checks but moreover due to the fact that energy providers have to sell the right amount of their converted energy at the European energy markets, the knowledge of the wind and hence electrical power of the next day is of key importance. Selling more energy as has been offered is penalized as well as offering less energy as contractually promised. In addition to that the price per offered kWh decreases in case of a surplus of energy. Achieving a forecast there are various methods in computer science: fuzzy logic, linear prediction or neural networks. This paper presents current results of wind speed forecasts using recurrent neural networks (RNN) and the gradient descent method plus a backpropagation learning algorithm. Data used has been extracted from NASA's Modern Era-Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) which is calculated by a GEOS-5 Earth System Modeling and Data Assimilation system. The presented results show that wind speed data can be forecasted using historical data for training the RNN. Nevertheless, the current set up system lacks robustness and can be improved further with regards to accuracy.}}, author = {{Balluff, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Deep Learning and Neural Networks}}, publisher = {{IGI Global}}, title = {{{Meteorological Data Forecast using RNN}}}, doi = {{10.4018/978-1-7998-0414-7.ch050}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{15250, author = {{Grabo, Matti and Weber, Daniel and Paul, Andreas and Klaus, Tobias and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Krauter, Stefan and Kenig, Eugeny}}, issn = {{2283-9216}}, journal = {{Chemical Engineering Transactions}}, pages = {{895--900}}, title = {{{Numerical Investigation of the Temperature Distribution in PCM-integrated Solar Modules}}}, doi = {{10.3303/CET1976150}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8085, author = {{Obeng-Akrofi, George and Oppong Akowuah, Joseph and Opoku-Agyemang, Gifty and Nkrumah, Isaac and Donkor, Micheal K. E. and Tamakloe, Reuben Y. and Ampong, Francis K. and Klaus, Tobias and Krauter, Stefan and Waldhoff, Maike and Olenberg, Alexander and Kenig, Eugeny}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017}}, isbn = {{9783981465976}}, publisher = {{International Solar Energy Society}}, title = {{{An Automated Solar-Biomass Hybrid Dryer System for Rural Communities in Ghana}}}, doi = {{10.18086/swc.2017.26.10}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{6525, author = {{Krauter, Stefan}}, journal = {{Solar Energy}}, pages = {{768–776}}, title = {{{Simple and effective methods to match photovoltaic power generation to the grid load profile for a PV based energy system.}}}, volume = {{159}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{15845, author = {{Ameli, Ali and Krauter, Stefan and Ameli, Mohammad Taghi and Moslehpour, Saeid}}, issn = {{2152 4157}}, journal = {{International Journal of Engineering Research & Innovation}}, number = {{1}}, title = {{{Smart charging management system of plugged-in EVs based on user driving patterns in micro-grids}}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{6481, author = {{Durrani, Saad Parvaiz and Balluff, Stefan and Wurzer, Lukas and Krauter, Stefan}}, issn = {{2196-5625}}, journal = {{Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{255--267}}, publisher = {{Springer Nature}}, title = {{{Photovoltaic yield prediction using an irradiance forecast model based on multiple neural networks}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s40565-018-0393-5}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6523, author = {{Weber, Daniel and Rafsan Jani, Mohammad Iffat and Grabo, Matti and Wallscheid, Oliver and Klaus, Tobias and Krauter, Stefan and Böcker, Joachim}}, booktitle = {{World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC-7), 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC, 34th EU PVSEC.}}, location = {{Waikoloa Village, Big Island, Hawaii (USA)}}, title = {{{Lifetime Extension of Photovoltaic Modules by Influencing the Module Temperature Using Phase Change Material}}}, doi = {{ 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548115}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{6631, author = {{Klaus, Tobias and Nkrumah, I. and Donkor, M.K.E and Tamakloe, R.Y. and Ampong, F.K. and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2017}}, location = {{Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates - UAE)}}, title = {{{Start-up factory Ghana: Creating an enabling environment for the dissemination of renewable energies}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{6632, abstract = {{Many processes in industrial and domestic applications require heating or cooling at certain steps of a process. Even if the process itself cannot be shifted towards periods of high PV output (which would be favorable), the heating and cooling necessities can be carried out via an inexpensive thermal storage instead of a costly electrical storage. Examples are: distillation units, washing machines, dishwashers, coolers, freezers. The resulting “shiftability” of power consumption can be a business model by offering that availability of load dispatching on the balancing power market. An example using PCM as cooling storage for refrigerators that has been investigated: A focus of this paper is the use of that load shifting ability to provide balancing power. Another emphasis is on the protection of individual consumer data: To keep the state of use of each individual consumer (actually: interactive consumer or “prosumer”) anonymous, but still performing the sales of balancing power, the orders for load-dispatching can be transmitted via transmitted via a regional, non-individual broadcasting message within the GSM network. Demonstrating DSMs capacities, abilities and limits concerning domestic applications is an important task to prepare large-scale implementation and to convince stakeholders. To reaching that goal, several realistic DSM scenarios for cooling applications and freezers have been developed with the prerequisite that DSM activities are supposed to be without comfort losses and without restrictions for consumers while the limits for lower and upper temperature for food are maintained.}}, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Prior, Dirk}}, issn = {{1876-6102}}, journal = {{Energy Procedia}}, keywords = {{DSM, load management, load shifting, PCM, thermal storage, balancing power}}, pages = {{210 -- 226}}, title = {{{Minimizing storage costs by substituting centralized electrical storage by thermal storage at the end user, also suppling balancing power for grid operation}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505}}, volume = {{135}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6633, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Wübbeke, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the DEWEK 2017}}, location = {{Bremen}}, title = {{{Performance of MERRA2 Data Compared to Floating LiDAR}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6634, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krüger, J. and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the DEWEK 2017}}, location = {{Bremen}}, title = {{{Short-term wind speed and power prediction for offshore wind farms using neural networks}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6635, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017, S. 1477–1481}}, location = {{Amsterdam}}, title = {{{Update on rankings of conversion efficiencies and energy yield of micro-inverters, including inverters for two PV modules}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6636, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017, S. 1836–1840}}, location = {{Amsterdam}}, title = {{{Long-term performance of PV micro-inverters}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6637, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Wendlandt, S. and Süthoff, L. and Berendes, S. and Teubner, J. and Podlowski, L. and Berghold, J. and Grunow, Paul}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017}}, location = {{Aḿsterdam}}, title = {{{Advanced PV Module Hot Spot Characterisation}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6638, author = {{Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{VDE-Proceedings of NEIS 2017 – Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems by IEEE-PES. Hamburg (Deutschland), 21.–22. September, 2017.}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, title = {{{Comparison of Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields of Micro-Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6639, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Ameli, Ali}}, booktitle = {{VDE-Proceedings of NEIS 2017 – Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems by IEEE-PES. Hamburg (Deutschland), 21.–22. September, 2017.}}, location = {{Hamburg}}, title = {{{Smart Charging Management System of Plugged-in EVs for Optimal Operation of Future Power Systems.}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6640, author = {{Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 11th International Conference for Renewable Energy Storage, 14-16 March 2017, Düsseldorf, Germany.}}, location = {{Düsseldorf, Germany.}}, title = {{{Minimizing storage costs: Simple and effective methods to match PV with grid load, including shift of holiday period}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6641, author = {{Khatibi, Arash and Bendfeld, Jörg and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017}}, location = {{Amsterdam}}, title = {{{Introduction of an Advanced Method for Testing of Battery Charge Controllers for Off-Grid PV Systems}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{6642, author = {{Khatibi, Arash and Bendfeld, Jörg and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017}}, location = {{Amsterdam}}, title = {{{Testing and Analysis of Battery Charge Controllers for Off-Grid PV Systems}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{6482, author = {{Balluff, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, issn = {{1848-9257}}, journal = {{Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{333--346}}, publisher = {{International Centre for Sustainable Development of Water}}, title = {{{Offshore Metocean Station for Energy Purposes}}}, doi = {{10.13044/j.sdewes.2016.04.0026}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6646, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{14. Symposium Energieinnovation 2016}}, location = {{Graz}}, title = {{{Einbindung von Offshore Windenergie durch innovative Prognosemodelle und Speichertechnologien}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6647, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)}}, isbn = {{9781479999828}}, location = {{Palermo, Italy}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Green Energy from the Ocean An overview on costeffectiv and reliable measuring systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/icrera.2015.7418439}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6649, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen 2016 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Regensburg}}, location = {{Regensburg}}, title = {{{Bestimmung der relevanten klimatologischen Parameter Offshore}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6650, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen 2016 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Regensburg}}, location = {{Regensburg}}, title = {{{Systemvergleich zur zeitlich und örtlich hochaufgelösten Einstrahlungsmessung}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6651, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Wendtland, S. and Weber, T. and Berghold, J. and Grunow, Paul}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, München (Deutschland), 20.–24. Juni 2016, S. 2265–2270.}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{Shadowing Investigations on Thin Film Modules}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6652, author = {{Klaus, Tobias and Schmitz, E.A. and Klusmann, B. and Piper, M. and Krauter, Stefan and Rongen, L. and Gruber, R. and Nkrumah, I. and Ampong, K. and Donkor, M. and Tamakloe, R.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, München (Deutschland), 20.–24. Juni 2016, S. 3048–3049}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{Start-Up Factory Kumasi (Ghana) – Paderborn (Germany): Smart Tropical House KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6653, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, München (Deutschland), 20.–24. Juni 2016, S. 1508–1511}}, location = {{München}}, title = {{{Deviations of results for energy yield from efficiency rankings of micro-inverters}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inbook{6654, author = {{Kazmerski, L. and Renne, D and Kazem, H. and Sopian, D.K. and Al-Bastaki, N. and Haji, S. and Mohd, D. and Othman, Y.H. and Hoffmann, W. and Krauter, Stefan and Swift-Hook, D.T. and Book, T.}}, booktitle = {{Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II}}, publisher = {{Springer: International Publishing Switzerland, First Edition. Springer}}, title = {{{Photovoltaics and the Energy System: Adaptation of layout and load.}}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{6655, author = {{Japs, Ewald and Sonnenrein, Gerrit and Krauter, Stefan and Vrabec, Jadran}}, journal = {{Solar Energy}}, pages = {{51--59}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{Experimental study of phase change materials for photovoltaic modules: Energy performance and economic yield for the EPEX spot market}}}, volume = {{140}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6660, author = {{Balluff, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)}}, isbn = {{9781479999828}}, location = {{Palermo, Italy}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Short term wind and energy prediction for offshore wind farms using neural networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/icrera.2015.7418440}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{6656, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 95th AMS Annual Meeting}}, location = {{Phoenix / AZ/ USA }}, title = {{{Measurement and Analysis of offshore fog occurrences}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6657, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Bermpohl, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen 2015 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}}, location = {{Heidelberg, Germany}}, title = {{{Messtechnisches Prinzip eines neuen Einstrahlungsmessgerätes}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6658, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the DEWEK 2015}}, location = {{Bremen, Germany}}, title = {{{Performance of MERRA Data in Offshore Wind Energy Applications}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6659, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Bouyraaman, Yassin and Balluff, Stefan and Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the DEWEK 2015}}, location = {{Bremen}}, title = {{{Advanced Integration of Offshore Wind Energy into the Grid System by Power to Gas}}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6661, author = {{Sadati, A.M. and Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)}}, isbn = {{9781467371711}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Comparison of micro inverters based on practical analysis}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iyce.2015.7180817}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6662, author = {{Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)}}, isbn = {{9781479979448}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Effective large-scale PV integration: Methods to match load profile with actual PV output}}}, doi = {{10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356256}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6663, author = {{Pendieu Kwaye, M. and Bendfeld, Jörg and Anglani, N.}}, booktitle = {{2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)}}, isbn = {{9781467371711}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Assessment of renewable energy resources in cameroon and special regards on energy supply}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iyce.2015.7180807}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6664, author = {{Pendieu Kwaye, M. and Bendfeld, Jörg and Anglani, N.}}, booktitle = {{2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)}}, isbn = {{9781467371711}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Assessment of renewable energy resources and the use of hydro power for fluctuation compensation in Cameroon}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iyce.2015.7180806}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6665, author = {{Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)}}, isbn = {{9781479979448}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Cost, performance, and yield comparison of eight different micro-inverters}}}, doi = {{10.1109/pvsc.2015.7355821}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6666, author = {{Krauter, Stefan}}, booktitle = {{2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)}}, isbn = {{9781479979448}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{BOS cost reduction via direct PV charging of electrical vehicles}}}, doi = {{10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356264}}, year = {{2015}}, }