TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 16857 T2 - Tagungsband des 35. Symposiums für Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein (Deutschland) TI - Einfluss der Betriebstemperatur auf den Wirkungsgrad von Modul-Wechselrichtern für PV-Netzeinspeisungen ER - TY - CONF AB - To provide a simple instrument to operate residential Load-Shifting or Demand-Side-Management systems, the measurement of the actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate method. Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While the specific CO2- emission is decreasing then ‒ due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side management indicator to lower specific CO2‒emssions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share of renewables vs. CO2-contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is quite low (r = 0.155) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation (r = - 0.687) between the EEX‒prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power plants that even operate at negative prices. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Zhang, L. ID - 19393 KW - Keywords: Load-Shifting KW - Demand-Side-Management KW - DSM KW - grid frequency KW - EEX KW - electricity trading prices KW - renewable share KW - flexibility KW - emissions KW - CO2 SN - 3-936338-73-6 T2 - Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020. TI - Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid. ER - TY - CONF AB - Due to the strong reduction of PV prices, storage plays a dominating role in overall system costs. A steeper elevation angle would result in a more balanced seasonal PV yield, at the cost of PV yield reductions during summer, but allowing reduced storage capacities. Additionally, the effect of a single-axis tracking system has been investigated, generating more electricity during the morning and evening hours, thus reducing daily storage requirements. The necessary PV size and storage capacities required for the German energy supply (1,500 TWh after electrification of all sectors) via 100% renewable energies and a 50% solar share have been calculated via the HOMER Pro software, considering the bridging of periods of "dark lulls“ in winter, using costs of 2030 (Table 1). Results: The increase of module elevation angles above the typical 30° leads to a reduction of investment and supply costs. The optimum is reached at a cost reduction of -1.5% for an elevation angle at the latitude of the installation site. An explanation is that high elevation angles are favorable for clear winter days, but not at all for the critical days with diffuse irradiance only, so the battery capacity must be increased. For the same reason, tracking systems do not offer any cost advantage (at least for the ones without an option for horizontal positioning during diffuse days). AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Rustemovic, D. AU - Khatibi, Arash ID - 19390 KW - Energy Storage KW - PV system integration KW - Large Grid-connected PV systems KW - Simulation KW - Energy Supply Options SN - 3-936338-73-6 T2 - Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020 TI - Reduction of required storage capacities for a 100% renewable energy supply in Germany, if new PV systems are installed with east-west tracking systems at increased elevation angles ER - TY - CONF AB - During comparative measurements of different PV microinverters, two yield issues came up that could not be explored via conventional efficiency measurements, but do have a significant impact on electrical energy yield: First category of issues are either sluggish or nervously acting maximum–power–point–tracking devices, which lead to reduced energy yields. The other category of issues is thermal: As a first explanation for observed reduced energy yields, it has been assumed that the conversion efficiency degrades at higher operating temperatures. This matter has been investigated in this article: A change in conversion efficiency could not be observed for elevated operation temperatures up to 50°C, despite high-precision and repeated measurements. But it was found that some inverters temporarily interrupted (or entirely stopped) operation after long periods of running at high temperatures. Also, a reduction in potential maximum power output has been detected for those inverters. Summarizing: With a high degree of certainty it can be stated that those reported yield losses have been caused by the temporary shutdowns and power limitations of the inverters. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 18387 KW - AC-modules KW - Microinverter KW - Power Conditioning KW - Thermal Performance KW - Ventilation KW - Stability KW - Efficiency KW - Yield SN - 3-936338-73-6 T2 - Proceedings of the EU PVSEC 2020 TI - Elevated Temperatures Affecting Efficiency, Overall Performance and Energy Yield of PV Microinverters ER - TY - CONF AB - Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation in the German electricity grid. While the specific CO2-emission is decreasing then - due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency should be increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and -off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side-management indicator to lower specific CO2-emissions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is applied). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and the correlations between grid frequency, share of renewables, CO2-contents, and actual price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between grid frequency and the share of renewables is quite low (r=0.155) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. As expected, there is a good anti-correlation (r=-0.687) between the EEX-prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good (r=0.665), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn't exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite baseload power plants that even operate at negative prices. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Zhang, L. ID - 19383 KW - CO2 KW - EEX KW - Grid frequency KW - DSM KW - electricity price KW - Renewable share T2 - Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020 TI - Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management ER - TY - CONF AB - To compare efficiency and yield of many micro-inverters available on the world market in 2014-2020, an in- and outdoor test laboratory at the University of Paderborn has been set up. The inverters have been fed by identical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp. To monitor accurately DC input, AC power output and energy yield, each of the micro-inverters has been equipped with a calibrated electricity meter. For micro-inverters requiring control units for grid-feeding that has been acquired also. The comparison covers efficiency-load characteristics as well as electrical energy yields. Purchase costs vary considerably between the models in comparison, sometimes inverter costs are higher than module costs, particularly if an additional grid-connection or interface device is needed for operation. The weighted conversion efficiency according to EU and CEC standards has been measured and calculated. While some inverters have been optimized for high irradiance levels, they ranked better at the CEC efficiency, others performed very well also for low irradiance levels, thus ranking higher at in the EU-efficiency tables. These results are deviating from the actual energy yield measurements, which show a slightly different ranking. At one inverter, an accurate, but very slow MPPT algorithm that barely could follow quickly changing irradiance levels could be the reason for this effect. Another inverter switched off after operation at high power output for a while. Apparently, some inverters are been optimized to show excellent EU and CEC efficiency ratings. Two of the inverters featuring two inputs did not show an exceptional performance at the EU- and CEC-ratings, but they achieved top ranks at the AC energy yield for the first years. For the customer, the AC yield is a major performance indicator of any microinverter and should be included in the datasheet. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 16899 KW - yield KW - AC KW - micro-inverter KW - MPPT KW - CEC rating KW - EU efficiency KW - Photovoltaic KW - Solar SN - 0160-8371 T2 - Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) JUNE 15 - AUGUST 21, 2020 VIRTUAL MEETING TI - Comparison of Microinverters: Update on Rankings of Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Zhang, L. ID - 16855 T2 - Tagungsband des 35. Symposiums für Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein (Deutschland) TI - Eignung der Netzfrequenz als Instrument der Entscheidungsfindung zur Auslösung von Lastverschiebungen bei niedrigen spezifischen CO2-Emissionen und EEX-Handelspreisen ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Zhang, L. ID - 16858 T2 - Proceedings of the 14th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, Düsseldorf (Deutschland), 10.–12. März 2020 (verschoben: 16.–18. März 2021) TI - Probability of Correct Decision–Making at Triggering of Load-Shifting Intended for low CO2-intensity and low EEX trading-prices via simple Grid Frequency Monitoring ER - TY - CONF AU - Grabo, Matti AU - Weber, Daniel AU - Paul, Andreas AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Bermpohl, Wolfgang AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Kenig, Eugeny ID - 15247 TI - Entwicklung eines thermischen 1D-Simulationsmodells zur Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung in Solarmodulen ER - TY - GEN AU - Grabo, Matti AU - Weber, Daniel AU - Paul, Andreas AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Bermpohl, Wolfgang AU - Kenig, Eugeny ID - 15248 TI - Numerische Untersuchung der Temperaturverteilung in PCM-integrierten Solarmodulen ER - TY - CHAP AB - Gathering knowledge not only of the current but also the upcoming wind speed is getting more and more important as the experience of operating and maintaining wind turbines is increasing. Not only with regards to operation and maintenance tasks such as gearbox and generator checks but moreover due to the fact that energy providers have to sell the right amount of their converted energy at the European energy markets, the knowledge of the wind and hence electrical power of the next day is of key importance. Selling more energy as has been offered is penalized as well as offering less energy as contractually promised. In addition to that the price per offered kWh decreases in case of a surplus of energy. Achieving a forecast there are various methods in computer science: fuzzy logic, linear prediction or neural networks. This paper presents current results of wind speed forecasts using recurrent neural networks (RNN) and the gradient descent method plus a backpropagation learning algorithm. Data used has been extracted from NASA's Modern Era-Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) which is calculated by a GEOS-5 Earth System Modeling and Data Assimilation system. The presented results show that wind speed data can be forecasted using historical data for training the RNN. Nevertheless, the current set up system lacks robustness and can be improved further with regards to accuracy. AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 48501 T2 - Deep Learning and Neural Networks TI - Meteorological Data Forecast using RNN ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grabo, Matti AU - Weber, Daniel AU - Paul, Andreas AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Bermpohl, Wolfgang AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Kenig, Eugeny ID - 15250 JF - Chemical Engineering Transactions SN - 2283-9216 TI - Numerical Investigation of the Temperature Distribution in PCM-integrated Solar Modules ER - TY - CONF AU - Obeng-Akrofi, George AU - Oppong Akowuah, Joseph AU - Opoku-Agyemang, Gifty AU - Nkrumah, Isaac AU - Donkor, Micheal K. E. AU - Tamakloe, Reuben Y. AU - Ampong, Francis K. AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Waldhoff, Maike AU - Olenberg, Alexander AU - Kenig, Eugeny ID - 8085 SN - 9783981465976 T2 - Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017 TI - An Automated Solar-Biomass Hybrid Dryer System for Rural Communities in Ghana ER - TY - JOUR AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6525 JF - Solar Energy TI - Simple and effective methods to match photovoltaic power generation to the grid load profile for a PV based energy system. VL - 159 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ameli, Ali AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Ameli, Mohammad Taghi AU - Moslehpour, Saeid ID - 15845 IS - 1 JF - International Journal of Engineering Research & Innovation SN - 2152 4157 TI - Smart charging management system of plugged-in EVs based on user driving patterns in micro-grids VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Durrani, Saad Parvaiz AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Wurzer, Lukas AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6481 IS - 2 JF - Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy SN - 2196-5625 TI - Photovoltaic yield prediction using an irradiance forecast model based on multiple neural networks VL - 6 ER - TY - CONF AU - Weber, Daniel AU - Rafsan Jani, Mohammad Iffat AU - Grabo, Matti AU - Wallscheid, Oliver AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Böcker, Joachim ID - 6523 T2 - World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC-7), 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC, 34th EU PVSEC. TI - Lifetime Extension of Photovoltaic Modules by Influencing the Module Temperature Using Phase Change Material ER - TY - CONF AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Nkrumah, I. AU - Donkor, M.K.E AU - Tamakloe, R.Y. AU - Ampong, F.K. AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6631 T2 - Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2017 TI - Start-up factory Ghana: Creating an enabling environment for the dissemination of renewable energies ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many processes in industrial and domestic applications require heating or cooling at certain steps of a process. Even if the process itself cannot be shifted towards periods of high PV output (which would be favorable), the heating and cooling necessities can be carried out via an inexpensive thermal storage instead of a costly electrical storage. Examples are: distillation units, washing machines, dishwashers, coolers, freezers. The resulting “shiftability” of power consumption can be a business model by offering that availability of load dispatching on the balancing power market. An example using PCM as cooling storage for refrigerators that has been investigated: A focus of this paper is the use of that load shifting ability to provide balancing power. Another emphasis is on the protection of individual consumer data: To keep the state of use of each individual consumer (actually: interactive consumer or “prosumer”) anonymous, but still performing the sales of balancing power, the orders for load-dispatching can be transmitted via transmitted via a regional, non-individual broadcasting message within the GSM network. Demonstrating DSMs capacities, abilities and limits concerning domestic applications is an important task to prepare large-scale implementation and to convince stakeholders. To reaching that goal, several realistic DSM scenarios for cooling applications and freezers have been developed with the prerequisite that DSM activities are supposed to be without comfort losses and without restrictions for consumers while the limits for lower and upper temperature for food are maintained. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Prior, Dirk ID - 6632 JF - Energy Procedia KW - DSM KW - load management KW - load shifting KW - PCM KW - thermal storage KW - balancing power SN - 1876-6102 TI - Minimizing storage costs by substituting centralized electrical storage by thermal storage at the end user, also suppling balancing power for grid operation VL - 135 ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Wübbeke, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6633 T2 - Proceedings of the DEWEK 2017 TI - Performance of MERRA2 Data Compared to Floating LiDAR ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krüger, J. AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6634 T2 - Proceedings of the DEWEK 2017 TI - Short-term wind speed and power prediction for offshore wind farms using neural networks ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6635 T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017, S. 1477–1481 TI - Update on rankings of conversion efficiencies and energy yield of micro-inverters, including inverters for two PV modules ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6636 T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017, S. 1836–1840 TI - Long-term performance of PV micro-inverters ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Wendlandt, S. AU - Süthoff, L. AU - Berendes, S. AU - Teubner, J. AU - Podlowski, L. AU - Berghold, J. AU - Grunow, Paul ID - 6637 T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017 TI - Advanced PV Module Hot Spot Characterisation ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6638 T2 - VDE-Proceedings of NEIS 2017 – Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems by IEEE-PES. Hamburg (Deutschland), 21.–22. September, 2017. TI - Comparison of Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields of Micro-Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Ameli, Ali ID - 6639 T2 - VDE-Proceedings of NEIS 2017 – Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems by IEEE-PES. Hamburg (Deutschland), 21.–22. September, 2017. TI - Smart Charging Management System of Plugged-in EVs for Optimal Operation of Future Power Systems. ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6640 T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference for Renewable Energy Storage, 14-16 March 2017, Düsseldorf, Germany. TI - Minimizing storage costs: Simple and effective methods to match PV with grid load, including shift of holiday period ER - TY - CONF AU - Khatibi, Arash AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Bermpohl, Wolfgang AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6641 T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017 TI - Introduction of an Advanced Method for Testing of Battery Charge Controllers for Off-Grid PV Systems ER - TY - CONF AU - Khatibi, Arash AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Bermpohl, Wolfgang AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6642 T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, (Niederlande), 25.-29. Sept. 2017 TI - Testing and Analysis of Battery Charge Controllers for Off-Grid PV Systems ER - TY - JOUR AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 6482 IS - 4 JF - Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems SN - 1848-9257 TI - Offshore Metocean Station for Energy Purposes VL - 4 ER - TY - GEN AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6646 T2 - 14. Symposium Energieinnovation 2016 TI - Einbindung von Offshore Windenergie durch innovative Prognosemodelle und Speichertechnologien ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6647 SN - 9781479999828 T2 - 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) TI - Green Energy from the Ocean An overview on costeffectiv and reliable measuring systems ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6649 T2 - Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen 2016 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Regensburg TI - Bestimmung der relevanten klimatologischen Parameter Offshore ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6650 T2 - Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen 2016 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Regensburg TI - Systemvergleich zur zeitlich und örtlich hochaufgelösten Einstrahlungsmessung ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Wendtland, S. AU - Weber, T. AU - Berghold, J. AU - Grunow, Paul ID - 6651 T2 - Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, München (Deutschland), 20.–24. Juni 2016, S. 2265–2270. TI - Shadowing Investigations on Thin Film Modules ER - TY - CONF AU - Klaus, Tobias AU - Schmitz, E.A. AU - Klusmann, B. AU - Piper, M. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Rongen, L. AU - Gruber, R. AU - Nkrumah, I. AU - Ampong, K. AU - Donkor, M. AU - Tamakloe, R. ID - 6652 T2 - Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, München (Deutschland), 20.–24. Juni 2016, S. 3048–3049 TI - Start-Up Factory Kumasi (Ghana) – Paderborn (Germany): Smart Tropical House KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 6653 T2 - Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, München (Deutschland), 20.–24. Juni 2016, S. 1508–1511 TI - Deviations of results for energy yield from efficiency rankings of micro-inverters ER - TY - CHAP AU - Kazmerski, L. AU - Renne, D AU - Kazem, H. AU - Sopian, D.K. AU - Al-Bastaki, N. AU - Haji, S. AU - Mohd, D. AU - Othman, Y.H. AU - Hoffmann, W. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Swift-Hook, D.T. AU - Book, T. ID - 6654 T2 - Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II TI - Photovoltaics and the Energy System: Adaptation of layout and load. ER - TY - JOUR AU - Japs, Ewald AU - Sonnenrein, Gerrit AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Vrabec, Jadran ID - 6655 JF - Solar Energy TI - Experimental study of phase change materials for photovoltaic modules: Energy performance and economic yield for the EPEX spot market VL - 140 ER - TY - CONF AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6660 SN - 9781479999828 T2 - 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) TI - Short term wind and energy prediction for offshore wind farms using neural networks ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6656 T2 - Proceedings of the 95th AMS Annual Meeting TI - Measurement and Analysis of offshore fog occurrences ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Bermpohl, Wolfgang ID - 6657 T2 - Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen 2015 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft TI - Messtechnisches Prinzip eines neuen Einstrahlungsmessgerätes ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6658 T2 - Proceedings of the DEWEK 2015 TI - Performance of MERRA Data in Offshore Wind Energy Applications ER - TY - CONF AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Bouyraaman, Yassin AU - Balluff, Stefan AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6659 T2 - Proceedings of the DEWEK 2015 TI - Advanced Integration of Offshore Wind Energy into the Grid System by Power to Gas ER - TY - CONF AU - Sadati, A.M. AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 6661 SN - 9781467371711 T2 - 2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE) TI - Comparison of micro inverters based on practical analysis ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6662 SN - 9781479979448 T2 - 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) TI - Effective large-scale PV integration: Methods to match load profile with actual PV output ER - TY - CONF AU - Pendieu Kwaye, M. AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Anglani, N. ID - 6663 SN - 9781467371711 T2 - 2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE) TI - Assessment of renewable energy resources in cameroon and special regards on energy supply ER - TY - CONF AU - Pendieu Kwaye, M. AU - Bendfeld, Jörg AU - Anglani, N. ID - 6664 SN - 9781467371711 T2 - 2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE) TI - Assessment of renewable energy resources and the use of hydro power for fluctuation compensation in Cameroon ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan AU - Bendfeld, Jörg ID - 6665 SN - 9781479979448 T2 - 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) TI - Cost, performance, and yield comparison of eight different micro-inverters ER - TY - CONF AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 6666 SN - 9781479979448 T2 - 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) TI - BOS cost reduction via direct PV charging of electrical vehicles ER -