@article{33009, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose The present work aimed to delineate (i) a revised protocol according to recent methodological developments in evidence generation, to (ii) describe its interpretation, the assessment of the overall certainty of evidence and to (iii) outline an Evidence to Decision framework for deriving an evidence-based guideline on quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary protein intake. Methods A methodological protocol to systematically investigate the association between dietary protein intake and several health outcomes and for deriving dietary protein intake recommendations for the primary prevention of various non-communicable diseases in the general adult population was developed. Results The developed methodological protocol relies on umbrella reviews including systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses. Systematic literature searches in three databases will be performed for each health-related outcome. The methodological quality of all selected systematic reviews will be evaluated using a modified version of AMSTAR 2, and the outcome-specific certainty of evidence for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis will be assessed with NutriGrade. The general outline of the Evidence to Decision framework foresees that recommendations in the derived guideline will be given based on the overall certainty of evidence as well as on additional criteria such as sustainability. Conclusion The methodological protocol permits a systematic evaluation of published systematic reviews on dietary protein intake and its association with selected health-related outcomes. An Evidence to Decision framework will be the basis for the overall conclusions and the resulting recommendations for dietary protein intake. }}, author = {{Kroke, Anja and Schmidt, Annemarie and Amini, Anna M. and Kalotai, Nicole and Lehmann, Andreas and Haardt, Julia and Bauer, Jürgen M. and Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. and Boeing, Heiner and Egert, Sarah and Ellinger, Sabine and Kühn, Tilman and Louis, Sandrine and Lorkowski, Stefan and Nimptsch, Katharina and Remer, Thomas and Schulze, Matthias B. and Siener, Roswitha and Stangl, Gabriele I. and Volkert, Dorothee and Zittermann, Armin and Buyken, Anette E. and Watzl, Bernhard and Schwingshackl, Lukas}}, issn = {{1436-6207}}, journal = {{European Journal of Nutrition}}, keywords = {{Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{2091--2101}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Dietary protein intake and health-related outcomes: a methodological protocol for the evidence evaluation and the outline of an evidence to decision framework underlying the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00394-021-02789-5}}, volume = {{61}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35308, abstract = {{IntroductionIn 2012, the estimated global prevalence of pre-diabetes was 280 million, and the prevalence is expected to rise to 400 million by 2030. Oat-based foods are a good source of beta-glucans, which have been shown to lower postprandial blood glucose. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the long-term intake of beta-glucan-enriched bread as part of a habitual diet among individuals with pre-diabetes are needed. Therefore, we designed a multicentre intervention study in adults with pre-diabetes to investigate the effects of consumption of an oat-derived beta-glucan-enriched bread as part of a normal diet on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in comparison to consumption of whole-grain wheat bread.Methods and analysisThe CarbHealth trial is a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled 16-week dietary intervention trial in participants 40–70 years of age with a body mass index of ≥27 kg/m2 and HbA1c of 35–50 mmol/mol. The study is conducted at four universities located in Norway, Sweden and Germany and uses intervention breads specifically designed for the trial by Nofima AS. The aim is to recruit 250 participants. The primary outcome is the difference in HbA1c between the intervention and the control groups. The main analysis will include intervention group, study centre and baseline HbA1c as independent variables in an analysis of covariance model.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by respective ethical authorities in participating countries. The results of the study will be communicated through publication in international scientific journals and presentations at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04994327.}}, author = {{Hjorth, Therese and Schadow, Alena and Revheim, Ingrid and Spielau, Ulrike and Thomassen, Lise M and Meyer, Klara and Piotrowski, Katja and Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne and Rieder, Anne and Varela, Paula and Lysne, Vegard and Ballance, Simon and Koerner, Antje and Landberg, Rikard and Buyken, Anette and Dierkes, Jutta}}, issn = {{2044-6055}}, journal = {{BMJ Open}}, keywords = {{General Medicine}}, number = {{8}}, publisher = {{BMJ}}, title = {{{Sixteen-week multicentre randomised controlled trial to study the effect of the consumption of an oat beta-glucan-enriched bread versus a whole-grain wheat bread on glycaemic control among persons with pre-diabetes: a study protocol of the CarbHealth study}}}, doi = {{10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062066}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35311, author = {{Jansen, K and Tempes, J and Drozdowska, A and Gutmann, M and Falkenstein, M and Buyken, Anette and Libuda, Lars and Rudolf, H and Lücke, T and Kersting, M}}, issn = {{0954-3007}}, journal = {{Eur J Clin Nutr}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{779}}, title = {{{Correction: Short-term effects of carbohydrates differing in glycemic index (GI) consumed at lunch on children's cognitive function in a randomized crossover study.}}}, volume = {{76}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35307, author = {{Vinoy, S and Goletzke, J and Rakhshandehroo, M and Schweitzer, L and Flourakis, M and Körner, A and Alexy, U and van Schothorst, EM and Ceriello, A and Zakrzewski-Fruer, JK and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{1436-6207}}, journal = {{Eur J Nutr}}, title = {{{Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop.}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35310, author = {{Goletzke, J and Weber, KS and Kössler, T and Zaharia, OP and Bódis, K and Müssig, K and Szendroedi, J and Burkart, V and Stutz, Bianca and Nöthlings, U and Buyken, Anette and Roden, M and Group, GDS}}, issn = {{0939-4753}}, journal = {{Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{2310--2320}}, title = {{{Relative validity of a glycemic index extended food-frequency questionnaire.}}}, volume = {{32}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{27970, author = {{Barclay, AW and LSA, Augustin and Brighenti, F and Delport, E and Henry, CJ and Sievenpiper, JL and Usic, K and Yuexin, Y and Zurbau, A and TMS, Wolever and Astrup, A and Bulló, M and Buyken, Anette and Ceriello, A and Ellis, PR and Vanginkel, MA and CWC, Kendall and La Vecchia, C and Livesey, G and Poli, A and Riccardi, G and Salas-Salvadó, J and Trichopoulou, A and Bhaskaran, K and DJA, Jenkins and Willett, WC and Brand-Miller, JC}}, issn = {{2072-6643}}, journal = {{Nutrients}}, number = {{9}}, title = {{{Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective.}}}, doi = {{10.3390/nu13093244}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{27007, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose To examine the association between fructose intake in adolescence and fatty liver indices (hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI)) in young adulthood. Methods Overall, 246 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating fructose intakes and other fructose-containing sugars (total (TS), free (FS), added sugar (AS)) as well as two complete 24-h urine samples for calculating sugar excretion (fructose excretion (FE), fructose + sucrose excretion (FE + SE)) in adolescence (males: 9.5–16.5 years; females: 8.5–15.5 years) were analysed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Results On the level of dietary intake, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose intake and both adult fatty liver indices, whereas higher FS intakes were associated with lower levels of HSI (Ptrend = 0.02) and FLI (Ptrend = 0.03). On the urinary excretion level, however, a higher FE (Ptrend = 0.03) and FE + SE (Ptrend = 0.01) in adolescence were prospectively related to higher adult FLI values. No associations were observed between adolescent sugar excretion and adult HSI. Conclusion The present study does not provide unambiguous support for a detrimental impact of adolescent fructose intake on adult liver health. Nonetheless, further examinations estimating exposure by means of urinary excretion as well as dietary intake levels appear warranted. }}, author = {{Perrar, Ines and Buyken, Anette and Penczynski, Katharina J. and Remer, Thomas and Kuhnle, Gunter G. and Herder, Christian and Roden, Michael and Della Corte, Karen and Nöthlings, Ute and Alexy, Ute}}, issn = {{1436-6207}}, journal = {{European Journal of Nutrition}}, pages = {{3029--3041}}, title = {{{Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00394-020-02463-2}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{27014, abstract = {{Purpose: To examine the prospective relevance of dietary sugar intake (based on dietary data as well as urinary excretion data) in adolescent years for insulin sensitivity and biomarkers of inflammation in young adulthood.Methods: Overall 254 participants of the DONALD study who had at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating intakes of fructose, glucose, sucrose, total, free, added sugars, total sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), juice, and sweets/sugar or at least two complete 24 h urine samples (n = 221) for calculating sugar excretion (urinary fructose and urinary fructose + sucrose) in adolescence (females: 9–15 years, males: 10–16 years) and a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), were included in multivariable linear regression analyses assessing their prospective associations with adult homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and a pro-inflammatory score (based on CRP, IL-6, IL-18, leptin, chemerin, adiponectin).Results: On the dietary intake level, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose, sucrose, glucose, added, free, total sugar, or total sugar from SSB, juice or sweets/sugar intake and adult HOMA2-%S (p &gt; 0.01). On the urinary level, however, higher excreted fructose levels were associated with improved adult HOMA2-%S (p = 0.008) among females only. No associations were observed between dietary or urinary sugars and the adult pro-inflammatory score (p &gt; 0.01).Conclusion: The present study did not provide support that dietary sugar consumed in adolescence is associated with adult insulin sensitivity. The one potential exception was the moderate dietary consumption of fructose, which showed a beneficial association with adult fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity.}}, author = {{Della Corte, Karen A. and Penczynski, Katharina and Kuhnle, Gunter and Perrar, Ines and Herder, Christian and Roden, Michael and Wudy, Stefan A. and Remer, Thomas and Alexy, Ute and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{2296-861X}}, journal = {{Frontiers in Nutrition}}, title = {{{The Prospective Association of Dietary Sugar Intake in Adolescence With Risk Markers of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood}}}, doi = {{10.3389/fnut.2020.615684}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{27114, abstract = {{Abstract Background/objectives Adolescence is a critical period for both the development of overweight and the transition toward a later chronotype, often accompanied by an increase in social jetlag. This study assessed whether changes in chronotype and social jetlag, are linked to changes in body composition during adolescence. Subjects/methods We used data from the DONALD open cohort study, collected between 2014 and 2019, from 213 adolescents (9–17 years at baseline, 45% females) having at least two measures of chronotype and anthropometry (N = 572). Chronotype was assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and defined as: midpoint of sleep corrected for sleep-debt (MSFsc) accumulated over the week (later MSFsc represents later chronotype). Social jetlag (SJL) defines the difference between midpoint of sleep during week and weekend. Calculations for Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI [kg/m2)]) and Fat Mass Index (FMI) [kg/m2)]) were based on body fat percentage, weight, and height. To analyze the associations, we used linear mixed-effect regression models. Finally, the total cohort was split into three biologically relevant age groups (cut-off set at <12 years, ≥12 to ≤15 years and >15 years). Results Median follow-up was 2.1 years. Overall, change toward a later chronotype was significantly related with an increase in FMI (ß: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.08). A 1 h increase in social jetlag predicted an increase in BMI-SDS of 0.08 SDS units (95% CI: 0.01–0.14) and in FMI of 0.04 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.003–0.08). Associations were stronger for the age group ≥12 to ≤15 years (p for interaction: <0.001). No relationship was found with FFMI. Conclusions Changes in MSFsc and SJL during adolescence were associated with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and FMI. The age ≥12 to ≤15 years appears to be a sensitive period in which chronobiological changes were clearly associated with increasing body fatness. }}, author = {{Jankovic, Nicole and Schmitting, Sarah and Krüger, Bettina and Nöthlings, Ute and Buyken, Anette E. and Alexy, Ute}}, issn = {{0954-3007}}, journal = {{European Journal of Clinical Nutrition}}, title = {{{Changes in chronotype and social jetlag during adolescence and their association with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and body composition, in the DONALD Study}}}, doi = {{10.1038/s41430-021-01024-y}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{27746, author = {{Zhang, Xiao and Gong, Yunhui and Della Corte, Karen and Yu, Dianke and Xue, Hongmei and Shan, Shufang and Tian, Guo and Liang, Yi and Zhang, Jieyi and He, Fang and Yang, Dagang and Zhou, Rong and Bao, Wei and Buyken, Anette and Cheng, Guo}}, issn = {{0261-5614}}, journal = {{Clinical Nutrition}}, pages = {{2791--2799}}, title = {{{Relevance of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal glucose homeostasis}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.041}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{27790, author = {{Nyasordzi, Juliana and Conrad, Johanna and Goletzke, Janina and Ludwig-Walz, Helena and Herder, Christian and Roden, Michael and Wudy, Stefan A. and Hua, Yifan and Remer, Thomas and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{0939-4753}}, journal = {{Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases}}, pages = {{2109--2121}}, title = {{{Early life factors and their relevance for markers of cardiometabolic risk in early adulthood}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.024}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{27793, abstract = {{ABSTRACT Background Reliable tables of glycemic indexes (GIs) and glycemic loads (GLs) are critical to research examining the relationship between glycemic qualities of carbohydrate in foods, diets, and health. In the 12 years since the last edition of the tables, a large amount of new data has become available. Objectives To systematically review and tabulate published and unpublished sources of reliable GI values, including an assessment of the reliability of the data. Methods This edition of the tables lists over 4000 items, a 61% increase in the number of entries compared to the 2008 edition. The data have been separated into 2 lists. The first represents more precise values derived using the methodology recommended by the International Standards Organization (∼2100 items). The second list contains values determined using less robust methods, including using limited numbers of healthy subjects or with a large SEM (∼1900 food items). Results Dairy products, legumes, pasta, and fruits were usually low-GI foods (≤55 on the 100-point glucose scale) and had consistent values around the world. Cereals and cereal products, however, including whole-grain or whole-meal versions, showed wide variation in GI values, presumably arising from variations in manufacturing methods. Breads, breakfast cereals, rice, savory snack products, and regional foods were available in high-, medium-, and low-GI versions. Most varieties of potato were high-GI foods, but specific low-GI varieties have now been identified. Conclusions The availability of new data on the GIs of foods will facilitate wider research and application of the twin concepts of GI and GL. Although the 2021 edition of the tables improves the quality and quantity of GI data available for research and clinical practice, GI testing of regional foods remains a priority. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO as #171204. }}, author = {{Atkinson, Fiona S and Brand-Miller, Jennie C and Foster-Powell, Kaye and Buyken, Anette and Goletzke, Janina}}, issn = {{0002-9165}}, journal = {{The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition}}, pages = {{1625--1632}}, title = {{{International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review}}}, doi = {{10.1093/ajcn/nqab233}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{33008, author = {{Ludwig-Walz, Helena and Nyasordzi, Juliana and Weber, Katharina S. and Buyken, Anette and Kroke, Anja}}, issn = {{0939-4753}}, journal = {{Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases}}, keywords = {{Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous)}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{833--852}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Maternal pregnancy weight or gestational weight gain and offspring's blood pressure: A systematic review}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.011}}, volume = {{32}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{35303, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Studies about effects of lunch dietary Glycemic Index (GI) on cognition of schoolchildren are scarce. Our previous CogniDo GI study found no changes of cognition in the early postprandial phase after consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch (i.e., 45 min after starting lunch). This study investigated whether the dietary GI of lunch has an impact on cognition of schoolchildren in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Methods A randomized, 2 × 2 crossover intervention study was conducted at a comprehensive school with 5th and 6th grade students. Participants (n = 212) were randomly assigned to either sequence 1 or 2. In the first period, participants of sequence 1 received a dish with high GI rice (GI: 79), those of sequence 2 with medium GI rice (GI: 64)—in the second period, 1 week later, vice versa. Computer-based cognitive testing was performed 90 min after lunch examining tonic alertness, visual search and task switching, and working memory. Treatment effects and treatment effects adjusted for estimated lunch glycemic load (GL) were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results The selected cognitive parameters were not affected by the GI of lunch 90 min after lunch, neither after intention-to-treat nor in the per-protocol analysis. Adjustment for GL also did not change results. Conclusion The present study revealed no notable differences after the consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch in children’s cognitive function in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Clinical trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00013597); date of registration: 16/04/2018, retrospectively registered. }}, author = {{Drozdowska, Alina and Sinningen, Kathrin and Falkenstein, Michael and Rudolf, Henrik and Libuda, Lars and Buyken, Anette and Lücke, Thomas and Kersting, Mathilde}}, issn = {{1436-6207}}, journal = {{European Journal of Nutrition}}, keywords = {{Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{1637--1647}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Impact of lunch with carbohydrates differing in glycemic index on children's cognitive functioning in the late postprandial phase: a randomized crossover study}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00394-021-02766-y}}, volume = {{61}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{28011, author = {{Brand-Miller, Jennie and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{1078-8956}}, journal = {{Nature Medicine}}, pages = {{828--830}}, title = {{{Mapping postprandial responses sets the scene for targeted dietary advice}}}, doi = {{10.1038/s41591-020-0909-1}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27013, abstract = {{AbstractFlavonoids are suggested to reduce disease risk. Since dietary habits are acquired during early life, describing age and time trends of flavonoid intake and major food sources are important for monitoring and disease prevention in later life. We aimed to describe total flavonoid intake and food sources and to investigate age and time trends of flavonoid intake in 3–18-year-olds, from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study from 1985 to 2016. Intake was assessed annually using 3-d weighed food records (WFR). Flavonoid values were assigned using the United States Department of Agriculture database. Foods contributing to intake were determined. Age and time trends in total flavonoid and isoflavone density were analysed by sex with PROC MIXED. In total, 1312 children completed 10 758 WFR. Across all ages, daily mean total flavonoid density was lower in boys compared with girls (134 v. 146 mg/4184 kJ) and no difference in median isoflavone density (0·04 mg/4184 kJ per d) was found. The top five foods contributing to total flavonoid intake were apple with peel (15·0/17·1 %), strawberries (5·9/6·1 %), chocolate spread (3·9/3·5 %), orange juice (3·5/3·4 %) and pasta (3·5/3·4 %) for boys and girls, respectively. Overall, in boys, total flavonoid density decreased over the course of age and time. In girls, there was no association with age or time. In both sexes, isoflavone density followed a U-shaped age trend with no change over time. From a public health perspective, the overall observed downwards trend of flavonoid intake in boys deserves attention. Future initiatives should be tailored at maintaining a high flavonoid density as children age, specifically among boys.}}, author = {{Rienks, Johanna and Penczynski, Katharina J. and Schmitting, Sarah and Buyken, Anette and Nöthlings, Ute}}, issn = {{0007-1145}}, journal = {{British Journal of Nutrition}}, pages = {{1198--1206}}, title = {{{Dietary flavonoids among children and adolescents in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study: intake, food sources and trends from 1985 until 2016}}}, doi = {{10.1017/s000711452000183x}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27795, author = {{Kupriyanova, Yuliya and Zaharia, Oana Patricia and Bobrov, Pavel and Karusheva, Yanislava and Burkart, Volker and Szendroedi, Julia and Hwang, Jong-Hee and Roden, Michael and Roden, M. and Al-Hasani, H. and Burkart, V. and Buyken, Anette and Geerling, G. and Hwang, J.H. and Herder, C. and Icks, A. and Jandeleit-Dahm, K. and Kahl, S. and Kotzka, J. and Kuss, O. and Lammert, E. and Trenkamp, S. and Rathmann, W. and Szendroedi, J. and Ziegler, D.}}, issn = {{0168-8278}}, journal = {{Journal of Hepatology}}, pages = {{1028--1037}}, title = {{{Early changes in hepatic energy metabolism and lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.030}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27797, abstract = {{Abstract Objective To provide a systematic overview of world dietary sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake trends in children and adolescents. Data Sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched through January 2019 to identify longitudinal follow-up studies with time-trend data and repeated cross-sectional studies. Data Extraction Data from studies reporting ≥ 2 measurements (sugars, SSB, or sweets/candy) over ≥ 2 years and included ≥ 20 healthy, normal- or overweight children or adolescents aged 1–19 years. Data Analysis Data from 43 articles (n = 4 prospective cohort studies; n = 39 repeated cross-sectional studies) from 15 countries (n = 8 European countries plus Australia, Canada, China, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, and the United States) are presented narratively. According to the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool, 34 studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, and 5 to have a serious risk of bias. Conclusions Consumption among US children and adolescents increased substantially in the decades preceding 2000, followed by a faster and continued decline. As a whole, other international intake trends did not reveal drastic increases and decreases in SSB and dietary sugars; they tended to change only slightly across 3 decades. }}, author = {{Della Corte, Karen and Fife, Jessica and Gardner, Alexis and Murphy, Britta L and Kleis, Linda and Della Corte, Dennis and Schwingshackl, Lukas and LeCheminant, James D and Buyken, Anette}}, issn = {{0029-6643}}, journal = {{Nutrition Reviews}}, pages = {{274--288}}, title = {{{World trends in sugar-sweetened beverage and dietary sugar intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review}}}, doi = {{10.1093/nutrit/nuaa070}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27799, abstract = {{Dietary fibre is a generic term describing non-absorbed plant carbohydrates and small amounts of associated non-carbohydrate components. The main contributors of fibre to the diet are the cell walls of plant tissues, which are supramolecular polymer networks containing variable proportions of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, and non-carbohydrate components, such as lignin. Other contributors of fibre are the intracellular storage oligosaccharides, such as fructans. A distinction needs to be made between intrinsic sources of dietary fibre and purified forms of fibre, given that the three-dimensional matrix of the plant cell wall confers benefits beyond fibre isolates. Movement through the digestive tract modifies the cell wall structure and may affect the interactions with the colonic microbes (e.g., small intestinally non-absorbed carbohydrates are broken down by bacteria to short-chain fatty acids, absorbed by colonocytes). These aspects, combined with the fibre associated components (e.g., micronutrients, polyphenols, phytosterols, and phytoestrogens), may contribute to the health outcomes seen with the consumption of dietary fibre. Therefore, where possible, processing should minimise the degradation of the plant cell wall structures to preserve some of its benefits. Food labelling should include dietary fibre values and distinguish between intrinsic and added fibre. Labelling may also help achieve the recommended intake of 14 g/1000 kcal/day.}}, author = {{Augustin, Livia S. A. and Aas, Anne-Marie and Astrup, Arnie and Atkinson, Fiona S. and Baer-Sinnott, Sara and Barclay, Alan W. and Brand-Miller, Jennie C. and Brighenti, Furio and Bullo, Monica and Buyken, Anette and Ceriello, Antonio and Ellis, Peter R. and Ha, Marie-Ann and Henry, Jeyakumar C. and Kendall, Cyril W. C. and La Vecchia, Carlo and Liu, Simin and Livesey, Geoffrey and Poli, Andrea and Salas-Salvadó, Jordi and Riccardi, Gabriele and Riserus, Ulf and Rizkalla, Salwa W. and Sievenpiper, John L. and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Usic, Kathy and Wolever, Thomas M. S. and Willett, Walter C. and Jenkins, David J. A.}}, issn = {{2072-6643}}, journal = {{Nutrients}}, title = {{{Dietary Fibre Consensus from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC)}}}, doi = {{10.3390/nu12092553}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{27800, abstract = {{ A lower 24-h urine pH (24h-pH), i.e., a higher renal excretion of free protons, at a given acid load to the body, denotes a reduction in the kidney’s capacity for net acid excretion (NAE). There is increasing evidence, not only for patients with type 2 diabetes but also for healthy individuals, that higher body fatness or waist circumference (WC) has a negative impact on renal function to excrete acids (NAE). We hypothesized that adiposity-related inflammation molecules might mediate this relation between adiposity and renal acid excretion function. Twelve biomarkers of inflammation were measured in fasting blood samples from 162 adult participants (18–25 yr old) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had undergone anthropometric measurements and collected 24-h urine samples. Both Baron and Kenny’s (B&K’s) steps to test mediation and causal mediation analysis were conducted to examine the potential mediatory roles of biomarkers of inflammation in the WC-24-h pH relationship after strictly controlling for laboratory-measured NAE. In B&K’s mediation analysis, leptin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and adiponectin significantly associated with the outcome 24-h pH and attenuated the WC-pH relation. In agreement herewith, causal mediation analysis estimated the “natural indirect effects” of WC on 24-h pH via leptin ( P = 0.01) and adiponectin ( P = 0.03) to be significant, with a trend for sICAM-1 ( P = 0.09). The calculated proportions mediated by leptin, adiponectin, and sICAM-1 were 64%, 23%, and 12%, respectively. Both mediation analyses identified an inflammatory cytokine (leptin) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (adiponectin) along with sICAM-1 as being potentially involved in mediating adiposity-related influences on renal acid excretion capacity. }}, author = {{Hua, Yifan and Herder, Christian and Kalhoff, Hermann and Buyken, Anette and Esche, Jonas and Krupp, Danika and Wudy, Stefan A. and Remer, Thomas}}, issn = {{1931-857X}}, journal = {{American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology}}, pages = {{F469--F475}}, title = {{{Inflammatory mediators in the adipo-renal axis: leptin, adiponectin, and soluble ICAM-1}}}, doi = {{10.1152/ajprenal.00257.2020}}, year = {{2020}}, }