TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose The present work aimed to delineate (i) a revised protocol according to recent methodological developments in evidence generation, to (ii) describe its interpretation, the assessment of the overall certainty of evidence and to (iii) outline an Evidence to Decision framework for deriving an evidence-based guideline on quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary protein intake. Methods A methodological protocol to systematically investigate the association between dietary protein intake and several health outcomes and for deriving dietary protein intake recommendations for the primary prevention of various non-communicable diseases in the general adult population was developed. Results The developed methodological protocol relies on umbrella reviews including systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses. Systematic literature searches in three databases will be performed for each health-related outcome. The methodological quality of all selected systematic reviews will be evaluated using a modified version of AMSTAR 2, and the outcome-specific certainty of evidence for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis will be assessed with NutriGrade. The general outline of the Evidence to Decision framework foresees that recommendations in the derived guideline will be given based on the overall certainty of evidence as well as on additional criteria such as sustainability. Conclusion The methodological protocol permits a systematic evaluation of published systematic reviews on dietary protein intake and its association with selected health-related outcomes. An Evidence to Decision framework will be the basis for the overall conclusions and the resulting recommendations for dietary protein intake. AU - Kroke, Anja AU - Schmidt, Annemarie AU - Amini, Anna M. AU - Kalotai, Nicole AU - Lehmann, Andreas AU - Haardt, Julia AU - Bauer, Jürgen M. AU - Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. AU - Boeing, Heiner AU - Egert, Sarah AU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Kühn, Tilman AU - Louis, Sandrine AU - Lorkowski, Stefan AU - Nimptsch, Katharina AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Schulze, Matthias B. AU - Siener, Roswitha AU - Stangl, Gabriele I. AU - Volkert, Dorothee AU - Zittermann, Armin AU - Buyken, Anette E. AU - Watzl, Bernhard AU - Schwingshackl, Lukas ID - 33009 IS - 4 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Dietary protein intake and health-related outcomes: a methodological protocol for the evidence evaluation and the outline of an evidence to decision framework underlying the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society VL - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AB - IntroductionIn 2012, the estimated global prevalence of pre-diabetes was 280 million, and the prevalence is expected to rise to 400 million by 2030. Oat-based foods are a good source of beta-glucans, which have been shown to lower postprandial blood glucose. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the long-term intake of beta-glucan-enriched bread as part of a habitual diet among individuals with pre-diabetes are needed. Therefore, we designed a multicentre intervention study in adults with pre-diabetes to investigate the effects of consumption of an oat-derived beta-glucan-enriched bread as part of a normal diet on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in comparison to consumption of whole-grain wheat bread.Methods and analysisThe CarbHealth trial is a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled 16-week dietary intervention trial in participants 40–70 years of age with a body mass index of ≥27 kg/m2 and HbA1c of 35–50 mmol/mol. The study is conducted at four universities located in Norway, Sweden and Germany and uses intervention breads specifically designed for the trial by Nofima AS. The aim is to recruit 250 participants. The primary outcome is the difference in HbA1c between the intervention and the control groups. The main analysis will include intervention group, study centre and baseline HbA1c as independent variables in an analysis of covariance model.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by respective ethical authorities in participating countries. The results of the study will be communicated through publication in international scientific journals and presentations at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04994327. AU - Hjorth, Therese AU - Schadow, Alena AU - Revheim, Ingrid AU - Spielau, Ulrike AU - Thomassen, Lise M AU - Meyer, Klara AU - Piotrowski, Katja AU - Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne AU - Rieder, Anne AU - Varela, Paula AU - Lysne, Vegard AU - Ballance, Simon AU - Koerner, Antje AU - Landberg, Rikard AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Dierkes, Jutta ID - 35308 IS - 8 JF - BMJ Open KW - General Medicine SN - 2044-6055 TI - Sixteen-week multicentre randomised controlled trial to study the effect of the consumption of an oat beta-glucan-enriched bread versus a whole-grain wheat bread on glycaemic control among persons with pre-diabetes: a study protocol of the CarbHealth study VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jansen, K AU - Tempes, J AU - Drozdowska, A AU - Gutmann, M AU - Falkenstein, M AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Rudolf, H AU - Lücke, T AU - Kersting, M ID - 35311 IS - 5 JF - Eur J Clin Nutr SN - 0954-3007 TI - Correction: Short-term effects of carbohydrates differing in glycemic index (GI) consumed at lunch on children's cognitive function in a randomized crossover study. VL - 76 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vinoy, S AU - Goletzke, J AU - Rakhshandehroo, M AU - Schweitzer, L AU - Flourakis, M AU - Körner, A AU - Alexy, U AU - van Schothorst, EM AU - Ceriello, A AU - Zakrzewski-Fruer, JK AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 35307 JF - Eur J Nutr SN - 1436-6207 TI - Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop. ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goletzke, J AU - Weber, KS AU - Kössler, T AU - Zaharia, OP AU - Bódis, K AU - Müssig, K AU - Szendroedi, J AU - Burkart, V AU - Stutz, Bianca AU - Nöthlings, U AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Roden, M AU - Group, GDS ID - 35310 IS - 10 JF - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis SN - 0939-4753 TI - Relative validity of a glycemic index extended food-frequency questionnaire. VL - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barclay, AW AU - LSA, Augustin AU - Brighenti, F AU - Delport, E AU - Henry, CJ AU - Sievenpiper, JL AU - Usic, K AU - Yuexin, Y AU - Zurbau, A AU - TMS, Wolever AU - Astrup, A AU - Bulló, M AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Ceriello, A AU - Ellis, PR AU - Vanginkel, MA AU - CWC, Kendall AU - La Vecchia, C AU - Livesey, G AU - Poli, A AU - Riccardi, G AU - Salas-Salvadó, J AU - Trichopoulou, A AU - Bhaskaran, K AU - DJA, Jenkins AU - Willett, WC AU - Brand-Miller, JC ID - 27970 IS - 9 JF - Nutrients SN - 2072-6643 TI - Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective. VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose To examine the association between fructose intake in adolescence and fatty liver indices (hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI)) in young adulthood. Methods Overall, 246 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating fructose intakes and other fructose-containing sugars (total (TS), free (FS), added sugar (AS)) as well as two complete 24-h urine samples for calculating sugar excretion (fructose excretion (FE), fructose + sucrose excretion (FE + SE)) in adolescence (males: 9.5–16.5 years; females: 8.5–15.5 years) were analysed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Results On the level of dietary intake, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose intake and both adult fatty liver indices, whereas higher FS intakes were associated with lower levels of HSI (Ptrend = 0.02) and FLI (Ptrend = 0.03). On the urinary excretion level, however, a higher FE (Ptrend = 0.03) and FE + SE (Ptrend = 0.01) in adolescence were prospectively related to higher adult FLI values. No associations were observed between adolescent sugar excretion and adult HSI. Conclusion The present study does not provide unambiguous support for a detrimental impact of adolescent fructose intake on adult liver health. Nonetheless, further examinations estimating exposure by means of urinary excretion as well as dietary intake levels appear warranted. AU - Perrar, Ines AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Penczynski, Katharina J. AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Kuhnle, Gunter G. AU - Herder, Christian AU - Roden, Michael AU - Della Corte, Karen AU - Nöthlings, Ute AU - Alexy, Ute ID - 27007 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: To examine the prospective relevance of dietary sugar intake (based on dietary data as well as urinary excretion data) in adolescent years for insulin sensitivity and biomarkers of inflammation in young adulthood.Methods: Overall 254 participants of the DONALD study who had at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating intakes of fructose, glucose, sucrose, total, free, added sugars, total sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), juice, and sweets/sugar or at least two complete 24 h urine samples (n = 221) for calculating sugar excretion (urinary fructose and urinary fructose + sucrose) in adolescence (females: 9–15 years, males: 10–16 years) and a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), were included in multivariable linear regression analyses assessing their prospective associations with adult homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and a pro-inflammatory score (based on CRP, IL-6, IL-18, leptin, chemerin, adiponectin).Results: On the dietary intake level, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose, sucrose, glucose, added, free, total sugar, or total sugar from SSB, juice or sweets/sugar intake and adult HOMA2-%S (p &gt; 0.01). On the urinary level, however, higher excreted fructose levels were associated with improved adult HOMA2-%S (p = 0.008) among females only. No associations were observed between dietary or urinary sugars and the adult pro-inflammatory score (p &gt; 0.01).Conclusion: The present study did not provide support that dietary sugar consumed in adolescence is associated with adult insulin sensitivity. The one potential exception was the moderate dietary consumption of fructose, which showed a beneficial association with adult fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity. AU - Della Corte, Karen A. AU - Penczynski, Katharina AU - Kuhnle, Gunter AU - Perrar, Ines AU - Herder, Christian AU - Roden, Michael AU - Wudy, Stefan A. AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Alexy, Ute AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 27014 JF - Frontiers in Nutrition SN - 2296-861X TI - The Prospective Association of Dietary Sugar Intake in Adolescence With Risk Markers of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Background/objectives Adolescence is a critical period for both the development of overweight and the transition toward a later chronotype, often accompanied by an increase in social jetlag. This study assessed whether changes in chronotype and social jetlag, are linked to changes in body composition during adolescence. Subjects/methods We used data from the DONALD open cohort study, collected between 2014 and 2019, from 213 adolescents (9–17 years at baseline, 45% females) having at least two measures of chronotype and anthropometry (N = 572). Chronotype was assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and defined as: midpoint of sleep corrected for sleep-debt (MSFsc) accumulated over the week (later MSFsc represents later chronotype). Social jetlag (SJL) defines the difference between midpoint of sleep during week and weekend. Calculations for Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI [kg/m2)]) and Fat Mass Index (FMI) [kg/m2)]) were based on body fat percentage, weight, and height. To analyze the associations, we used linear mixed-effect regression models. Finally, the total cohort was split into three biologically relevant age groups (cut-off set at <12 years, ≥12 to ≤15 years and >15 years). Results Median follow-up was 2.1 years. Overall, change toward a later chronotype was significantly related with an increase in FMI (ß: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.08). A 1 h increase in social jetlag predicted an increase in BMI-SDS of 0.08 SDS units (95% CI: 0.01–0.14) and in FMI of 0.04 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.003–0.08). Associations were stronger for the age group ≥12 to ≤15 years (p for interaction: <0.001). No relationship was found with FFMI. Conclusions Changes in MSFsc and SJL during adolescence were associated with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and FMI. The age ≥12 to ≤15 years appears to be a sensitive period in which chronobiological changes were clearly associated with increasing body fatness. AU - Jankovic, Nicole AU - Schmitting, Sarah AU - Krüger, Bettina AU - Nöthlings, Ute AU - Buyken, Anette E. AU - Alexy, Ute ID - 27114 JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition SN - 0954-3007 TI - Changes in chronotype and social jetlag during adolescence and their association with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and body composition, in the DONALD Study ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Xiao AU - Gong, Yunhui AU - Della Corte, Karen AU - Yu, Dianke AU - Xue, Hongmei AU - Shan, Shufang AU - Tian, Guo AU - Liang, Yi AU - Zhang, Jieyi AU - He, Fang AU - Yang, Dagang AU - Zhou, Rong AU - Bao, Wei AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Cheng, Guo ID - 27746 JF - Clinical Nutrition SN - 0261-5614 TI - Relevance of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal glucose homeostasis ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nyasordzi, Juliana AU - Conrad, Johanna AU - Goletzke, Janina AU - Ludwig-Walz, Helena AU - Herder, Christian AU - Roden, Michael AU - Wudy, Stefan A. AU - Hua, Yifan AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 27790 JF - Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases SN - 0939-4753 TI - Early life factors and their relevance for markers of cardiometabolic risk in early adulthood ER - TY - JOUR AB - ABSTRACT Background Reliable tables of glycemic indexes (GIs) and glycemic loads (GLs) are critical to research examining the relationship between glycemic qualities of carbohydrate in foods, diets, and health. In the 12 years since the last edition of the tables, a large amount of new data has become available. Objectives To systematically review and tabulate published and unpublished sources of reliable GI values, including an assessment of the reliability of the data. Methods This edition of the tables lists over 4000 items, a 61% increase in the number of entries compared to the 2008 edition. The data have been separated into 2 lists. The first represents more precise values derived using the methodology recommended by the International Standards Organization (∼2100 items). The second list contains values determined using less robust methods, including using limited numbers of healthy subjects or with a large SEM (∼1900 food items). Results Dairy products, legumes, pasta, and fruits were usually low-GI foods (≤55 on the 100-point glucose scale) and had consistent values around the world. Cereals and cereal products, however, including whole-grain or whole-meal versions, showed wide variation in GI values, presumably arising from variations in manufacturing methods. Breads, breakfast cereals, rice, savory snack products, and regional foods were available in high-, medium-, and low-GI versions. Most varieties of potato were high-GI foods, but specific low-GI varieties have now been identified. Conclusions The availability of new data on the GIs of foods will facilitate wider research and application of the twin concepts of GI and GL. Although the 2021 edition of the tables improves the quality and quantity of GI data available for research and clinical practice, GI testing of regional foods remains a priority. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO as #171204. AU - Atkinson, Fiona S AU - Brand-Miller, Jennie C AU - Foster-Powell, Kaye AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Goletzke, Janina ID - 27793 JF - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition SN - 0002-9165 TI - International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ludwig-Walz, Helena AU - Nyasordzi, Juliana AU - Weber, Katharina S. AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Kroke, Anja ID - 33008 IS - 4 JF - Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Endocrinology KW - Diabetes and Metabolism KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 0939-4753 TI - Maternal pregnancy weight or gestational weight gain and offspring's blood pressure: A systematic review VL - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose Studies about effects of lunch dietary Glycemic Index (GI) on cognition of schoolchildren are scarce. Our previous CogniDo GI study found no changes of cognition in the early postprandial phase after consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch (i.e., 45 min after starting lunch). This study investigated whether the dietary GI of lunch has an impact on cognition of schoolchildren in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Methods A randomized, 2 × 2 crossover intervention study was conducted at a comprehensive school with 5th and 6th grade students. Participants (n = 212) were randomly assigned to either sequence 1 or 2. In the first period, participants of sequence 1 received a dish with high GI rice (GI: 79), those of sequence 2 with medium GI rice (GI: 64)—in the second period, 1 week later, vice versa. Computer-based cognitive testing was performed 90 min after lunch examining tonic alertness, visual search and task switching, and working memory. Treatment effects and treatment effects adjusted for estimated lunch glycemic load (GL) were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results The selected cognitive parameters were not affected by the GI of lunch 90 min after lunch, neither after intention-to-treat nor in the per-protocol analysis. Adjustment for GL also did not change results. Conclusion The present study revealed no notable differences after the consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch in children’s cognitive function in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Clinical trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00013597); date of registration: 16/04/2018, retrospectively registered. AU - Drozdowska, Alina AU - Sinningen, Kathrin AU - Falkenstein, Michael AU - Rudolf, Henrik AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Lücke, Thomas AU - Kersting, Mathilde ID - 35303 IS - 3 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Impact of lunch with carbohydrates differing in glycemic index on children's cognitive functioning in the late postprandial phase: a randomized crossover study VL - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brand-Miller, Jennie AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 28011 JF - Nature Medicine SN - 1078-8956 TI - Mapping postprandial responses sets the scene for targeted dietary advice ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractFlavonoids are suggested to reduce disease risk. Since dietary habits are acquired during early life, describing age and time trends of flavonoid intake and major food sources are important for monitoring and disease prevention in later life. We aimed to describe total flavonoid intake and food sources and to investigate age and time trends of flavonoid intake in 3–18-year-olds, from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study from 1985 to 2016. Intake was assessed annually using 3-d weighed food records (WFR). Flavonoid values were assigned using the United States Department of Agriculture database. Foods contributing to intake were determined. Age and time trends in total flavonoid and isoflavone density were analysed by sex with PROC MIXED. In total, 1312 children completed 10 758 WFR. Across all ages, daily mean total flavonoid density was lower in boys compared with girls (134 v. 146 mg/4184 kJ) and no difference in median isoflavone density (0·04 mg/4184 kJ per d) was found. The top five foods contributing to total flavonoid intake were apple with peel (15·0/17·1 %), strawberries (5·9/6·1 %), chocolate spread (3·9/3·5 %), orange juice (3·5/3·4 %) and pasta (3·5/3·4 %) for boys and girls, respectively. Overall, in boys, total flavonoid density decreased over the course of age and time. In girls, there was no association with age or time. In both sexes, isoflavone density followed a U-shaped age trend with no change over time. From a public health perspective, the overall observed downwards trend of flavonoid intake in boys deserves attention. Future initiatives should be tailored at maintaining a high flavonoid density as children age, specifically among boys. AU - Rienks, Johanna AU - Penczynski, Katharina J. AU - Schmitting, Sarah AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Nöthlings, Ute ID - 27013 JF - British Journal of Nutrition SN - 0007-1145 TI - Dietary flavonoids among children and adolescents in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study: intake, food sources and trends from 1985 until 2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kupriyanova, Yuliya AU - Zaharia, Oana Patricia AU - Bobrov, Pavel AU - Karusheva, Yanislava AU - Burkart, Volker AU - Szendroedi, Julia AU - Hwang, Jong-Hee AU - Roden, Michael AU - Roden, M. AU - Al-Hasani, H. AU - Burkart, V. AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Geerling, G. AU - Hwang, J.H. AU - Herder, C. AU - Icks, A. AU - Jandeleit-Dahm, K. AU - Kahl, S. AU - Kotzka, J. AU - Kuss, O. AU - Lammert, E. AU - Trenkamp, S. AU - Rathmann, W. AU - Szendroedi, J. AU - Ziegler, D. ID - 27795 JF - Journal of Hepatology SN - 0168-8278 TI - Early changes in hepatic energy metabolism and lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Objective To provide a systematic overview of world dietary sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake trends in children and adolescents. Data Sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched through January 2019 to identify longitudinal follow-up studies with time-trend data and repeated cross-sectional studies. Data Extraction Data from studies reporting ≥ 2 measurements (sugars, SSB, or sweets/candy) over ≥ 2 years and included ≥ 20 healthy, normal- or overweight children or adolescents aged 1–19 years. Data Analysis Data from 43 articles (n = 4 prospective cohort studies; n = 39 repeated cross-sectional studies) from 15 countries (n = 8 European countries plus Australia, Canada, China, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, and the United States) are presented narratively. According to the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool, 34 studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, and 5 to have a serious risk of bias. Conclusions Consumption among US children and adolescents increased substantially in the decades preceding 2000, followed by a faster and continued decline. As a whole, other international intake trends did not reveal drastic increases and decreases in SSB and dietary sugars; they tended to change only slightly across 3 decades. AU - Della Corte, Karen AU - Fife, Jessica AU - Gardner, Alexis AU - Murphy, Britta L AU - Kleis, Linda AU - Della Corte, Dennis AU - Schwingshackl, Lukas AU - LeCheminant, James D AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 27797 JF - Nutrition Reviews SN - 0029-6643 TI - World trends in sugar-sweetened beverage and dietary sugar intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dietary fibre is a generic term describing non-absorbed plant carbohydrates and small amounts of associated non-carbohydrate components. The main contributors of fibre to the diet are the cell walls of plant tissues, which are supramolecular polymer networks containing variable proportions of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, and non-carbohydrate components, such as lignin. Other contributors of fibre are the intracellular storage oligosaccharides, such as fructans. A distinction needs to be made between intrinsic sources of dietary fibre and purified forms of fibre, given that the three-dimensional matrix of the plant cell wall confers benefits beyond fibre isolates. Movement through the digestive tract modifies the cell wall structure and may affect the interactions with the colonic microbes (e.g., small intestinally non-absorbed carbohydrates are broken down by bacteria to short-chain fatty acids, absorbed by colonocytes). These aspects, combined with the fibre associated components (e.g., micronutrients, polyphenols, phytosterols, and phytoestrogens), may contribute to the health outcomes seen with the consumption of dietary fibre. Therefore, where possible, processing should minimise the degradation of the plant cell wall structures to preserve some of its benefits. Food labelling should include dietary fibre values and distinguish between intrinsic and added fibre. Labelling may also help achieve the recommended intake of 14 g/1000 kcal/day. AU - Augustin, Livia S. A. AU - Aas, Anne-Marie AU - Astrup, Arnie AU - Atkinson, Fiona S. AU - Baer-Sinnott, Sara AU - Barclay, Alan W. AU - Brand-Miller, Jennie C. AU - Brighenti, Furio AU - Bullo, Monica AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Ceriello, Antonio AU - Ellis, Peter R. AU - Ha, Marie-Ann AU - Henry, Jeyakumar C. AU - Kendall, Cyril W. C. AU - La Vecchia, Carlo AU - Liu, Simin AU - Livesey, Geoffrey AU - Poli, Andrea AU - Salas-Salvadó, Jordi AU - Riccardi, Gabriele AU - Riserus, Ulf AU - Rizkalla, Salwa W. AU - Sievenpiper, John L. AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia AU - Usic, Kathy AU - Wolever, Thomas M. S. AU - Willett, Walter C. AU - Jenkins, David J. A. ID - 27799 JF - Nutrients SN - 2072-6643 TI - Dietary Fibre Consensus from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC) ER - TY - JOUR AB - A lower 24-h urine pH (24h-pH), i.e., a higher renal excretion of free protons, at a given acid load to the body, denotes a reduction in the kidney’s capacity for net acid excretion (NAE). There is increasing evidence, not only for patients with type 2 diabetes but also for healthy individuals, that higher body fatness or waist circumference (WC) has a negative impact on renal function to excrete acids (NAE). We hypothesized that adiposity-related inflammation molecules might mediate this relation between adiposity and renal acid excretion function. Twelve biomarkers of inflammation were measured in fasting blood samples from 162 adult participants (18–25 yr old) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had undergone anthropometric measurements and collected 24-h urine samples. Both Baron and Kenny’s (B&K’s) steps to test mediation and causal mediation analysis were conducted to examine the potential mediatory roles of biomarkers of inflammation in the WC-24-h pH relationship after strictly controlling for laboratory-measured NAE. In B&K’s mediation analysis, leptin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and adiponectin significantly associated with the outcome 24-h pH and attenuated the WC-pH relation. In agreement herewith, causal mediation analysis estimated the “natural indirect effects” of WC on 24-h pH via leptin ( P = 0.01) and adiponectin ( P = 0.03) to be significant, with a trend for sICAM-1 ( P = 0.09). The calculated proportions mediated by leptin, adiponectin, and sICAM-1 were 64%, 23%, and 12%, respectively. Both mediation analyses identified an inflammatory cytokine (leptin) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (adiponectin) along with sICAM-1 as being potentially involved in mediating adiposity-related influences on renal acid excretion capacity. AU - Hua, Yifan AU - Herder, Christian AU - Kalhoff, Hermann AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Esche, Jonas AU - Krupp, Danika AU - Wudy, Stefan A. AU - Remer, Thomas ID - 27800 JF - American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology SN - 1931-857X TI - Inflammatory mediators in the adipo-renal axis: leptin, adiponectin, and soluble ICAM-1 ER -