[{"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2026","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_created":"2026-01-07T08:39:04Z","title":"Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M","publication":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The state of the art shows that PBF-LB/M offers great potential for pressure-loaded parts, with significant weight reductions and simultaneous optimization of flow resistance. This study is aimed at applying existing calculation methods for pressure-loaded parts to additively manufactured pipe structures, considering the two materials EN AC-43000 (3.2381, AlSi10Mg) and AISI 316L (1.4404, X2CrNiMo17-12-2). For this purpose, systematic tensile tests are carried out for both materials. In addition, a statistical evaluation is performed to determine the design-relevant strength characteristics with a survival probability Ps of 97.5 % for both materials in the as-built and heat-treated condition.\r\nPipe specimens are manufactured, half of which are heat treated, geometrically measured and then subjected to a burst pressure test to experimentally determine the failure-critical internal pressure. These results are compared with calculated burst pressures. The calculations are based on the application-relevant methods identified in this study, considering the strength values determined for the respective material condition. This comparison is used to assess the suitability of the calculation methods for additively manufactured pipe structures, based on the materials investigated."}],"keyword":["PBF-LB/M","Pipe structures","Strength assessment","Burst pressure test","Geometrical deviations"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0308-0161"]},"citation":{"apa":"Koers, T., Magyar, B., Bödger, C., &#38; Tröster, T. (2026). Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M. <i>International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping</i>, Article 105753. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753</a>","mla":"Koers, Thorsten, et al. “Analytical and Experimental Determination of the Failure-Critical Pressure of Pipe Structures Manufactured by PBF-LB/M.” <i>International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping</i>, 105753, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753\">10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Koers_Magyar_Bödger_Tröster_2026, title={Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753\">10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753</a>}, number={105753}, journal={International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Koers, Thorsten and Magyar, Balázs and Bödger, Christian and Tröster, Thomas}, year={2026} }","short":"T. Koers, B. Magyar, C. Bödger, T. Tröster, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping (2026).","chicago":"Koers, Thorsten, Balázs Magyar, Christian Bödger, and Thomas Tröster. “Analytical and Experimental Determination of the Failure-Critical Pressure of Pipe Structures Manufactured by PBF-LB/M.” <i>International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753</a>.","ieee":"T. Koers, B. Magyar, C. Bödger, and T. Tröster, “Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M,” <i>International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping</i>, Art. no. 105753, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753\">10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753</a>.","ama":"Koers T, Magyar B, Bödger C, Tröster T. Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M. <i>International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753\">10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753</a>"},"date_updated":"2026-01-14T11:56:01Z","oa":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Koers, Thorsten","id":"38077","last_name":"Koers","first_name":"Thorsten"},{"id":"97759","full_name":"Magyar, Balázs","last_name":"Magyar","first_name":"Balázs"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Bödger","full_name":"Bödger, Christian","id":"93904"},{"last_name":"Tröster","full_name":"Tröster, Thomas","id":"553","first_name":"Thomas"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"63512","user_id":"97759","department":[{"_id":"146"},{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"149"},{"_id":"321"}],"article_number":"105753"},{"year":"2026","citation":{"chicago":"Hüwel, Fabian. <i>Untersuchung Der Einflussfaktoren Auf Die Recyclingfähigkeit von Flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver Beim Selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)</i>, 2026.","ieee":"F. Hüwel, <i>Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf die Recyclingfähigkeit von flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver beim selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)</i>. 2026.","ama":"Hüwel F. <i>Untersuchung Der Einflussfaktoren Auf Die Recyclingfähigkeit von Flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver Beim Selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)</i>.; 2026.","apa":"Hüwel, F. (2026). <i>Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf die Recyclingfähigkeit von flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver beim selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)</i>.","bibtex":"@book{Hüwel_2026, title={Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf die Recyclingfähigkeit von flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver beim selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)}, author={Hüwel, Fabian}, year={2026} }","short":"F. Hüwel, Untersuchung Der Einflussfaktoren Auf Die Recyclingfähigkeit von Flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver Beim Selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit), 2026.","mla":"Hüwel, Fabian. <i>Untersuchung Der Einflussfaktoren Auf Die Recyclingfähigkeit von Flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver Beim Selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)</i>. 2026."},"status":"public","type":"mastersthesis","title":"Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf die Recyclingfähigkeit von flammgeschütztem Polyamid 12-Pulver beim selektiven Lasersintern (Studienarbeit)","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-22T08:04:02Z","_id":"65482","author":[{"full_name":"Hüwel, Fabian","last_name":"Hüwel","first_name":"Fabian"}],"supervisor":[{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921"},{"first_name":"Steffen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-5298","last_name":"Jesinghausen","full_name":"Jesinghausen, Steffen","id":"3959"},{"first_name":"Fabian","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","last_name":"Neitzel","full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian","id":"72307"}],"date_created":"2026-04-22T08:03:46Z","user_id":"72307","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}]},{"type":"mastersthesis","status":"public","user_id":"72307","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}],"_id":"61271","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"citation":{"apa":"Tschöpe, C. (2025). <i>Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern</i>.","bibtex":"@book{Tschöpe_2025, title={Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern}, author={Tschöpe, Cedric}, year={2025} }","mla":"Tschöpe, Cedric. <i>Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern</i>. 2025.","short":"C. Tschöpe, Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern, 2025.","ama":"Tschöpe C. <i>Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern</i>.; 2025.","ieee":"C. Tschöpe, <i>Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern</i>. 2025.","chicago":"Tschöpe, Cedric. <i>Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern</i>, 2025."},"year":"2025","date_created":"2025-09-15T08:11:45Z","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Schmid","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"last_name":"Jesinghausen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-5298","full_name":"Jesinghausen, Steffen","id":"3959","first_name":"Steffen"},{"full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian","id":"72307","last_name":"Neitzel","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","first_name":"Fabian"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Tschöpe","full_name":"Tschöpe, Cedric","first_name":"Cedric"}],"date_updated":"2025-10-01T08:53:45Z","title":"Entwicklung flammgeschützter Kunststoffpulver für das Lasersintern: Einfluss von Phosphor-, Füllstoffanteilen und Belichtungsparametern"},{"citation":{"apa":"Frye, T. (2025). <i>Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat und zinkbasierten Füllstoffen als synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 für das selektive Lasersintern</i>.","short":"T. Frye, Untersuchung Der Wechselwirkungen Zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat Und Zinkbasierten Füllstoffen Als Synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 Für Das Selektive Lasersintern, 2025.","bibtex":"@book{Frye_2025, title={Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat und zinkbasierten Füllstoffen als synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 für das selektive Lasersintern}, author={Frye, Thomas}, year={2025} }","mla":"Frye, Thomas. <i>Untersuchung Der Wechselwirkungen Zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat Und Zinkbasierten Füllstoffen Als Synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 Für Das Selektive Lasersintern</i>. 2025.","ama":"Frye T. <i>Untersuchung Der Wechselwirkungen Zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat Und Zinkbasierten Füllstoffen Als Synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 Für Das Selektive Lasersintern</i>.; 2025.","ieee":"T. Frye, <i>Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat und zinkbasierten Füllstoffen als synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 für das selektive Lasersintern</i>. 2025.","chicago":"Frye, Thomas. <i>Untersuchung Der Wechselwirkungen Zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat Und Zinkbasierten Füllstoffen Als Synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 Für Das Selektive Lasersintern</i>, 2025."},"status":"public","year":"2025","type":"mastersthesis","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat und zinkbasierten Füllstoffen als synergistische Flammschutzmittel in Polyamid 12 für das selektive Lasersintern","author":[{"full_name":"Frye, Thomas","last_name":"Frye","first_name":"Thomas"}],"user_id":"72307","date_created":"2025-10-01T08:55:57Z","supervisor":[{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464"},{"first_name":"Steffen","last_name":"Jesinghausen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-5298","full_name":"Jesinghausen, Steffen","id":"3959"},{"full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian","id":"72307","last_name":"Neitzel","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","first_name":"Fabian"}],"department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}],"date_updated":"2025-10-01T08:56:00Z","_id":"61485"},{"status":"public","type":"mastersthesis","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"user_id":"72307","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}],"_id":"50816","citation":{"apa":"Hücker, L. (2024). <i>Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>.","mla":"Hücker, Lars. <i>Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>. 2024.","short":"L. Hücker, Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit), 2024.","bibtex":"@book{Hücker_2024, title={Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)}, author={Hücker, Lars}, year={2024} }","chicago":"Hücker, Lars. <i>Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>, 2024.","ieee":"L. Hücker, <i>Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>. 2024.","ama":"Hücker L. <i>Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>.; 2024."},"year":"2024","title":"Stickstoff basierte Flammschutzmittel für das Lasersintern: Optimierung und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"Steffen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-5298","last_name":"Jesinghausen","id":"3959","full_name":"Jesinghausen, Steffen"},{"first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian","id":"72307","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","last_name":"Neitzel"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Hücker, Lars","last_name":"Hücker","first_name":"Lars"}],"date_created":"2024-01-24T09:27:39Z","date_updated":"2024-02-20T07:07:22Z"},{"citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Moritzer_Elsner_2024, title={Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process}, author={Moritzer, Elmar and Elsner, Christian Lennart}, year={2024} }","short":"E. Moritzer, C.L. Elsner, in: 2024.","mla":"Moritzer, Elmar, and Christian Lennart Elsner. <i>Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process</i>. 2024.","apa":"Moritzer, E., &#38; Elsner, C. L. (2024). <i>Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process</i>. Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers (ANTEC 2024), St. Louis.","ama":"Moritzer E, Elsner CL. Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process. In: ; 2024.","chicago":"Moritzer, Elmar, and Christian Lennart Elsner. “Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process,” 2024.","ieee":"E. Moritzer and C. L. Elsner, “Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process,” presented at the Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers (ANTEC 2024), St. Louis, 2024."},"year":"2024","date_created":"2024-04-16T07:25:06Z","author":[{"first_name":"Elmar","id":"20531","full_name":"Moritzer, Elmar","last_name":"Moritzer"},{"last_name":"Elsner","id":"70729","full_name":"Elsner, Christian Lennart","first_name":"Christian Lennart"}],"date_updated":"2024-04-16T07:29:22Z","conference":{"end_date":"2024-03-07","location":"St. Louis","name":"Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers (ANTEC 2024)","start_date":"2024-03-04"},"title":"Evaluation of the Influence of Particle Type, Shape and Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process","type":"conference","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process is increasingly used for the manufacturing of individualized and complex structures, which continuously results in new requirements regarding the material properties. A characteristic material property for polymers is the low thermal conductivity. However, for specific applications, such as additively manufactured injection molding tool inserts, increased thermal conductivity is advantageous. In this study, the influence of fillers of different types, shapes and sizes on the resulting thermal conductivity of compounds is investigated. The aim is to analyze the effects of the fillers, considering the FFF-typical strand structure. The first step is to characterize the fillers in terms of shape and size. Based on this, the resulting thermal conductivity of specimens manufactured in the FFF process for different build orientations is specifically examined and compared to injection molding. This ensures that the process- and material-related anisotropy of the specimens is considered in the analysis. For the evaluation, a methodology is developed to be applied in Laser Flash Analysis (LFA), which allows the results to be evaluated despite the characteristic FFF surface structure. For the final visualization of the influence of the particle size on the particle orientation, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the relevant polymer compounds are made. The investigations provide a data basis regarding the influence of the particle type, shape and size on the thermal conductivity as well as for the requirement-oriented selection of fillers for processing thermally conductive polymer compounds in the FFF process."}],"user_id":"70729","department":[{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"367"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"9"}],"_id":"53529","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"citation":{"ieee":"D. Scharwald, <i>Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung des Brandschutzes, der mechanischen Eigenschaften und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>. 2024.","chicago":"Scharwald, David. <i>Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel Im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung Des Brandschutzes, Der Mechanischen Eigenschaften Und Analyse Der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>, 2024.","ama":"Scharwald D. <i>Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel Im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung Des Brandschutzes, Der Mechanischen Eigenschaften Und Analyse Der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>.; 2024.","apa":"Scharwald, D. (2024). <i>Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung des Brandschutzes, der mechanischen Eigenschaften und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>.","bibtex":"@book{Scharwald_2024, title={Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung des Brandschutzes, der mechanischen Eigenschaften und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)}, author={Scharwald, David}, year={2024} }","mla":"Scharwald, David. <i>Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel Im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung Des Brandschutzes, Der Mechanischen Eigenschaften Und Analyse Der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)</i>. 2024.","short":"D. Scharwald, Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel Im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung Des Brandschutzes, Der Mechanischen Eigenschaften Und Analyse Der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit), 2024."},"year":"2024","author":[{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Scharwald, David","last_name":"Scharwald"}],"date_created":"2024-10-31T07:37:16Z","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","last_name":"Schmid","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"last_name":"Jesinghausen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-5298","id":"3959","full_name":"Jesinghausen, Steffen","first_name":"Steffen"},{"first_name":"Fabian","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","last_name":"Neitzel","id":"72307","full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian"}],"date_updated":"2024-10-31T07:37:26Z","title":"Intumeszierende Flammschutzmittel im Lasersinter-Verfahren: Optimierung des Brandschutzes, der mechanischen Eigenschaften und Analyse der Recyclingfähigkeit (Studienarbeit)","type":"mastersthesis","status":"public","user_id":"72307","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}],"_id":"56832","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication":"Plastverarbeiter","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Füllstoffe erhöhen die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von im Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Verfahren hergestellten Strukturen. Neben der Füllstoffart ist dabei der Füllstoffvolumenanteil relevant. Der maximal verarbeitbare Füllstoffanteil ist hier gegenüber vergleichbaren Spritzgussmaterialien reduziert. An der Kunststofftechnik Paderborn (KTP) wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss spezifische Füllstoffe auf die Materialeigenschaften haben. Die additive Fertigung (AM) gewinnt durch stetig steigende Anforderungen an die Bauteilkomplexität und Fertigungsflexibilität nicht nur im Prototypenbau an Bedeutung [1]. Eines der am weitesten verbreiteten additiven Fertigungsverfahren ist dabei das Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Verfahren [2]. Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein Kunststofffilament in eine temperierte Düse gefördert, dort aufgeschmolzen und in einer charakteristischen, näherungsweise elliptischen Stranggeometrie ausgetragen. Durch die Verfahrbewegung der Plastifiziereinheit und der Bauplattform können dreidimensionale Strukturen gefertigt werden [3]. Das FFF-Verfahren zeichnet sich unter anderem durch die Verarbeitung einer großen Bandbreite an thermoplastischen Kunststoffen aus [4]. Dies ermöglicht eine anwendungsspezifische Materialauswahl. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt auch die Modifizierung mit Füllstoffen eine Möglichkeit dar, die Materialeigenschaften gezielt einzustellen. Die Füllstoffe können dabei nach dem jeweiligen Aspektverhältnis in Kugeln, Plättchen oder Fasern unterteilt werden [5]. Die Steigerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von im FFF-Verfahren hergestellten Strukturen ist aktuell Stand der Forschung, gewinnt jedoch vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Herausforderungen, z. B. in der Elektrotechnik, an Bedeutung [6]. Die Kunststofftechnik Paderborn (KTP) befasst sich am Direct Manufacturing Research Center (DMRC) – Academic derzeit mit der Entwicklung und Verarbeitung wärmeleitfähiger Kunststoffe für das FFF-Verfahren. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den material- und prozessseitigen Einflüssen auf die Materialeigenschaften. Für die Erzielung hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeiten sind dabei die Wahl der Füllstoffart und des Füllstoffvolumenanteils hervorzuheben. Kenntnisse über die Auswirkungen der Füllstoffzugabe und dem Zusammenspiel zwischen den mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Wärmeleitfähigkeit sind für die anwendungsgerechte Bauteilauslegung essenziell. Das Vorgehen Zur Analyse der Wärmeleitfähigkeit wurde eine am DMRC – Academic entwickelte Methode verwendet. Diese basiert auf der Fertigung von zylindrischen Probekörpern, welche im FFF-Verfahren entlang der Längsachse parallel zu den drei Koordinatenrichtungen X, Y und Z orientiert gefertigt werden. Im Anschluss werden die Probekörper spanend auf das für die Messung erforderliche Maß nachbearbeitet. Dadurch können fertigungsbedingte Einflüsse auf die Geometrie und Oberflächengüte reduziert und damit die Messgenauigkeit erhöht werden (Bild 2). Durch die Fertigung von drei unterschiedlichen Orientierungen kann weiterhin eine resultierende Anisotropie bewertet werden. Die auf einem Doppelschneckenextruder (Thermo Fisher Process11) hergestellten Filamente wurden nachfolgend mit einem Gewo HTP260 (Gewo Feinmechanik) verarbeitet. Die entsprechenden FFF-Prozessparameter sind in Tabelle 1 dargestellt. Dabei ist anzumerken, dass eine Bauraumtemperierung im Allgemeinen und der auf 120 °C beheizte Bauraum für die Verarbeitung der betrachteten Materialien im Speziellen zur prozesssicheren FFF-Fertigung unerlässlich sind. Die Analyse der Wärmeleitfähigkeit erfolgte schließlich mittels der Laser-Flash-Analyse (LFA) (Netzsch LFA 467 HyperFlash) entsprechend der DIN EN ISO 22007-4 [7]. Für die Bewertung der mechanischen Eigenschaften wurden Probekörper entsprechend der DIN EN ISO 527-2 Typ 1BA unter Verwendung einer Kolben-Spritzgussmaschine (Thermo Fisher Mini Jet Pro) gefertigt und mit einer Zugprüfmaschine (Zwick/Roell ProLine Z 010) geprüft, um den grundlegenden Füllstoffeinfluss bewerten zu können [8]. Für die Untersuchungen wurde ein Kunststoff-Compound basierend auf Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) ohne (PBTx) und mit (PBTxa) Verarbeitungshilfe verwendet. Als Füllstoffe kamen zwei wärmeleitfähige plättchenförmige Füllstoffe (Bezeichnung: F1 und F2) zur Anwendung, welche einen mittleren Partikeldurchmesser (d50) für F1 von 5,0 µm und für F2 von 7,9 µm aufweisen. Ergebnisse der Zugversuche Die Auswertung der mechanischen Eigenschaften zeigt den Einfluss des Füllstoffvolumenanteils anhand des Elastizitätsmoduls und der Bruchdehnung auf (Bild 3). Die resultierende Festigkeit wird durch die geringe Verstärkungswirkung der Plättchen hingegen nur geringfügig beeinflusst und ist folglich nicht gesondert aufgeführt. Im Gegensatz dazu erhöht sich die Steifigkeit mit steigendem Füllstoffvolumenanteil, was auf den erhöhten E-Modul der Füllstoffe gegenüber der Kunststoffmatrix zurückzuführen ist. So kann durch die Füllstoffzugabe mit einem Volumenanteil in Höhe von 22 {%} der E-Modul für das Material PBTxa-F1 gegenüber der reinen Kunststoffmatrix um den Faktor 2,7 gesteigert werden. Hingegen nimmt die Bruchdehnung mit steigendem Füllstoffvolumenanteil ab. Diese mit dem Volumenanteil positiv korrelierende Versprödung stellt einen begrenzenden Faktor bei der Herstellung hochgefüllter Filamente dar. So neigen höher gefüllte Filamente eher zu einem Bruch bei der Herstellung und Verarbeitung. Dies resultiert in den vorliegenden maximalen Füllstoffvolumenanteilen, welche im Vergleich zu Spritzgussmaterialien deutlich reduziert sind. Eine weitere Erhöhung führt zu einer unzureichenden Prozessstabilität und damit zu einer unzureichenden Verarbeitungseignung für das FFF-Verfahren. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass der Einfluss der verwendeten plättchenförmigen Füllstoffe für eine identische Kunststoffmatrix vergleichbar ist. Durch die Verwendung von Verarbeitungshilfen können die mechanischen Eigenschaften allerdings beeinflusst werden. Die Erhöhung des E-Moduls und der Bruchdehnung ist dabei auf die verbesserte Benetzung der Füllstoffpartikel und damit eine verbesserte Kunststoff-Füllstoff-Interaktion zurückzuführen. Bewertung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit Zur Darstellung der Ergebnisse der Wärmeleitfähigkeit wurden die Messergebnisse von je vier Probekörpern über die Prüftemperaturen zwischen 30 °C und 180 °C in 30 °C Inkrementen gemittelt (Bild 4). Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine positive Korrelation zwischen einem zunehmenden Füllstoffvolumenanteil und der Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Diese Steigerung ist wiederum abhängig von der jeweilig verwendeten Füllstoffart. Hierbei liefert das Material PBTx-F2-X eine vergleichbare Wärmeleitfähigkeit wie die Materialien PBTx-F1 und PBTxa-F1 in der jeweiligen Y-Orientierung. Die Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Materialien PBTx-F1 und PBTxa-F1 sind hingegen minimal und der Einfluss der Verarbeitungshilfe auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit dementsprechend als vernachlässigbar anzusehen. Weiterhin ist eine anisotrope Wärmeleitfähigkeit für die mit Plättchen gefüllten Kunststoffe ersichtlich. Während die X-Orientierung (entlang der abgelegten Stränge) eine erhöhte Wärmeleitfähigkeit für alle Materialien liefert, ist diese für die Z-Orientierung (zwischen den Schichten) am geringsten. Gründe hierfür sind der Strangverbund sowie die Füllstofforientierung innerhalb der abgelegten Stränge. Dabei ist die aufgezeigte Anisotropie für den Füllstoff F2 im Vergleich zu F1 leicht reduziert und bestätigt den spezifischen Einfluss der Füllstoffart. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse können allgemein drei charakteristische Orientierungen zur Bewertung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit erfasst werden. Für die Bauteilauslegung ist der aufgezeigte Einfluss plättchenförmiger Füllstoffe auf die sich einstellende Anisotropie von im FFF-Verfahren gefertigten Strukturen zwingend zu beachten. Ausblick Die angeführten Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Verwendung von plättchenförmigen Füllstoffen in Abhängigkeit von dem Füllstoffvolumenanteil zu einer Beeinflussung der Materialeigenschaften führt. Die dargelegten Ergebnisse stellen in diesem Kontext eine Grundlage zur Bewertung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Wärmeleitfähigkeit dar. Insbesondere die Limitierung des Füllstoffvolumenanteils durch die erhöhte Versprödung ist hierbei anzuführen. Aktuelle Untersuchungen an der Kunststofftechnik Paderborn befassen sich mit der Betrachtung weiterer material- und prozessseitiger Einflussgrößen auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Die generierten Daten sollen schließlich für die Entwicklung eines Modells zur Vorhersage der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von im FFF-Verfahren gefertigten Strukturen zusammengeführt werden."}],"department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"367"}],"user_id":"59363","_id":"59131","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Compoundieren","Fused Filament Fabrication"],"intvolume":"      2024","citation":{"mla":"Moritzer, Elmar, et al. “Wie Der Füllstoffvolumenanteil Die Materialeigenschaften Beeinflusst.” <i>Plastverarbeiter</i>, vol. 2024, 2024.","bibtex":"@article{Moritzer_Elsner_Salm_2024, title={Wie der Füllstoffvolumenanteil die Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst}, volume={2024}, journal={Plastverarbeiter}, author={Moritzer, Elmar and Elsner, Christian Lennart and Salm, Maximilian Karl Franz}, year={2024} }","short":"E. Moritzer, C.L. Elsner, M.K.F. Salm, Plastverarbeiter 2024 (2024).","apa":"Moritzer, E., Elsner, C. L., &#38; Salm, M. K. F. (2024). Wie der Füllstoffvolumenanteil die Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst. <i>Plastverarbeiter</i>, <i>2024</i>.","ieee":"E. Moritzer, C. L. Elsner, and M. K. F. Salm, “Wie der Füllstoffvolumenanteil die Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst,” <i>Plastverarbeiter</i>, vol. 2024, 2024.","chicago":"Moritzer, Elmar, Christian Lennart Elsner, and Maximilian Karl Franz Salm. “Wie Der Füllstoffvolumenanteil Die Materialeigenschaften Beeinflusst.” <i>Plastverarbeiter</i> 2024 (2024).","ama":"Moritzer E, Elsner CL, Salm MKF. Wie der Füllstoffvolumenanteil die Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst. <i>Plastverarbeiter</i>. 2024;2024."},"year":"2024","volume":2024,"date_created":"2025-03-25T10:18:06Z","author":[{"id":"20531","full_name":"Moritzer, Elmar","last_name":"Moritzer","first_name":"Elmar"},{"first_name":"Christian Lennart","last_name":"Elsner","id":"70729","full_name":"Elsner, Christian Lennart"},{"full_name":"Salm, Maximilian Karl Franz","id":"57929","last_name":"Salm","first_name":"Maximilian Karl Franz"}],"date_updated":"2025-03-27T10:56:02Z","title":"Wie der Füllstoffvolumenanteil die Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst"},{"status":"public","publication":"Polymer Composites","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Filled polymers","Fused Filament Fabrication","weld seam quality","weld seam strength"],"department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"367"}],"user_id":"59363","_id":"59132","citation":{"apa":"Moritzer, E., Beutelspacher, J., &#38; Elsner, C. L. (2024). Investigation of the weld seam quality of particle filled polymers in the fused filament fabrication process. <i>Polymer Composites</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101</a>","mla":"Moritzer, Elmar, et al. “Investigation of the Weld Seam Quality of Particle Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process.” <i>Polymer Composites</i>, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101\">10.1002/pc.29101</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Moritzer_Beutelspacher_Elsner_2024, title={Investigation of the weld seam quality of particle filled polymers in the fused filament fabrication process}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101\">10.1002/pc.29101</a>}, journal={Polymer Composites}, author={Moritzer, Elmar and Beutelspacher, Jonas and Elsner, Christian Lennart}, year={2024} }","short":"E. Moritzer, J. Beutelspacher, C.L. Elsner, Polymer Composites (2024).","chicago":"Moritzer, Elmar, Jonas Beutelspacher, and Christian Lennart Elsner. “Investigation of the Weld Seam Quality of Particle Filled Polymers in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process.” <i>Polymer Composites</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101\">https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101</a>.","ieee":"E. Moritzer, J. Beutelspacher, and C. L. Elsner, “Investigation of the weld seam quality of particle filled polymers in the fused filament fabrication process,” <i>Polymer Composites</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101\">10.1002/pc.29101</a>.","ama":"Moritzer E, Beutelspacher J, Elsner CL. Investigation of the weld seam quality of particle filled polymers in the fused filament fabrication process. <i>Polymer Composites</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29101\">10.1002/pc.29101</a>"},"year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1002/pc.29101","title":"Investigation of the weld seam quality of particle filled polymers in the fused filament fabrication process","author":[{"last_name":"Moritzer","id":"20531","full_name":"Moritzer, Elmar","first_name":"Elmar"},{"last_name":"Beutelspacher","id":"92911","full_name":"Beutelspacher, Jonas","first_name":"Jonas"},{"id":"70729","full_name":"Elsner, Christian Lennart","last_name":"Elsner","first_name":"Christian Lennart"}],"date_created":"2025-03-25T10:18:06Z","date_updated":"2025-03-27T10:55:25Z"},{"publication":"PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts","type":"conference_abstract","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"}],"user_id":"38188","_id":"47626","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":[" 978-3-18-990139-9"],"issn":["0083-5560"],"eisbn":[" 978-3-18-990140-5"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","page":"172 - 176","citation":{"ama":"Rüther MJ, Klippstein SH, Schmid H-J. Correlation between SLS-Powder processability and particle properties . In: <i>PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts</i>. VDI Verlag GmbH; 2023:172-176.","chicago":"Rüther, Moritz Johannes, Sven Helge Klippstein, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Correlation between SLS-Powder Processability and Particle Properties .” In <i>PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts</i>, 172–76. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag GmbH, 2023.","ieee":"M. J. Rüther, S. H. Klippstein, and H.-J. Schmid, “Correlation between SLS-Powder processability and particle properties ,” in <i>PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts</i>, Nürnberg, 2023, pp. 172–176.","apa":"Rüther, M. J., Klippstein, S. H., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Correlation between SLS-Powder processability and particle properties . <i>PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts</i>, 172–176.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Rüther_Klippstein_Schmid_2023, place={Düsseldorf}, title={Correlation between SLS-Powder processability and particle properties }, booktitle={PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts}, publisher={VDI Verlag GmbH}, author={Rüther, Moritz Johannes and Klippstein, Sven Helge and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023}, pages={172–176} }","short":"M.J. Rüther, S.H. Klippstein, H.-J. Schmid, in: PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts, VDI Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, 2023, pp. 172–176.","mla":"Rüther, Moritz Johannes, et al. “Correlation between SLS-Powder Processability and Particle Properties .” <i>PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology - Book of Abstracts</i>, VDI Verlag GmbH, 2023, pp. 172–76."},"place":"Düsseldorf","year":"2023","author":[{"first_name":"Moritz Johannes","last_name":"Rüther","id":"38188","full_name":"Rüther, Moritz Johannes"},{"first_name":"Sven Helge","full_name":"Klippstein, Sven Helge","id":"71545","last_name":"Klippstein"},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim"}],"date_created":"2023-10-05T08:09:21Z","date_updated":"2023-10-17T12:18:49Z","publisher":"VDI Verlag GmbH","conference":{"end_date":"2023-09-25","location":"Nürnberg","name":"PARTEC 2023","start_date":"2023-09-23"},"title":"Correlation between SLS-Powder processability and particle properties "},{"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023","date_created":"2023-09-01T12:30:25Z","publisher":"Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas","title":"Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering","publication":"Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium","abstract":[{"text":"Polymer composites represent the industry standard in injection molding for the production \r\nof plastic components with increased requirements in terms of heat resistance and stiffness. In the \r\nfield of laser sintering (LS), these materials are less common so far. In order to extend the available \r\nmaterial variety for the LS process, new ceramic-filled Polyamide 613 powders are investigated\r\nwithin the scope of this work. Here, the resulting properties from two different powder production \r\nmethods are compared. One filled powder is produced by dry blending and the other powder with \r\nthe same filler and filling ratio is produced by encapsulating the filler particles inside the polymer \r\nparticles within the dissolution-precipitation process. It was found that encapsulating the filler \r\nparticles can provide certain benefits for the processability, for example an improved powder \r\nflowability or better filler dispersion. However, encapsulating the filler also alters the thermal \r\nproperties of the precipitated powder.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Kletetzka I, Neitzel F, Schmid H-J. Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering. In: Beaman J, ed. <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>. Vol 34. Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas; 2023.","chicago":"Kletetzka, Ivo, Fabian Neitzel, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide Composites Made by Laser Sintering.” In <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, edited by Joseph Beaman, Vol. 34. Austin: Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, 2023.","ieee":"I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, and H.-J. Schmid, “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering,” in <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, Austin, 2023, vol. 34.","apa":"Kletetzka, I., Neitzel, F., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering. In J. Beaman (Ed.), <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i> (Vol. 34). Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas.","mla":"Kletetzka, Ivo, et al. “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide Composites Made by Laser Sintering.” <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, edited by Joseph Beaman, vol. 34, Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, 2023.","short":"I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, H.-J. Schmid, in: J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kletetzka_Neitzel_Schmid_2023, place={Austin}, title={Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering}, volume={34}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium}, publisher={Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas}, author={Kletetzka, Ivo and Neitzel, Fabian and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, editor={Beaman, Joseph}, year={2023} }"},"intvolume":"        34","place":"Austin","author":[{"first_name":"Ivo","id":"50769","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo","last_name":"Kletetzka"},{"full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian","last_name":"Neitzel","first_name":"Fabian"},{"orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"volume":34,"date_updated":"2023-11-02T16:49:49Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sffsymposium.org/","open_access":"1"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2023-08-13","name":"34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium","location":"Austin","end_date":"2023-08-16"},"type":"conference","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Joseph","full_name":"Beaman, Joseph","last_name":"Beaman"}],"user_id":"50769","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"9"}],"_id":"46764"},{"date_created":"2023-10-19T07:25:06Z","publisher":"Wiley","title":"Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process","issue":"1","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Materials Chemistry","Polymers and Plastics","Organic Chemistry","Condensed Matter Physics"],"publication":"Macromolecular Symposia","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Currently, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process is the most common additive manufacturing technology. The principle of the FDM process is the strand wise deposition of molten thermoplastic polymers, by feeding a filament trough a heated nozzle. Due to the strand and layer wise deposition the cooling of the manufactured component is not uniform. This leads to dimensional deviations which may cause the component to be unusable for the desired application. In this paper, a method is described which is based on the shrinkage compensation through the adaption of every single raster line in components manufactured with the FDM process. The shrinkage compensation is based on a model resulting from a DOE which considers the main influencing factors on the shrinkage behavior of raster lines in the FDM process. An in‐house developed software analyzes the component and locally applies the shrinkage compensation with consideration of the boundary conditions, e.g., the position of the raster line in the component and the process parameters. Following, a validation using a simple geometry is conducted to show the effect of the presented adaptive scaling method.</jats:p>"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Moritzer","full_name":"Moritzer, Elmar","id":"20531","first_name":"Elmar"},{"last_name":"Hecker","full_name":"Hecker, Felix","id":"45537","first_name":"Felix"}],"volume":411,"date_updated":"2024-02-23T08:36:42Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2022-11-26","location":"Bukarest","name":"POLCOM 2022","start_date":"2022-11-13"},"doi":"10.1002/masy.202200181","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1022-1360","1521-3900"]},"citation":{"apa":"Moritzer, E., &#38; Hecker, F. (2023). Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process. <i>Macromolecular Symposia</i>, <i>411</i>(1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181\">https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181</a>","mla":"Moritzer, Elmar, and Felix Hecker. “Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process.” <i>Macromolecular Symposia</i>, vol. 411, no. 1, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181\">10.1002/masy.202200181</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Moritzer_Hecker_2023, title={Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process}, volume={411}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181\">10.1002/masy.202200181</a>}, number={1}, journal={Macromolecular Symposia}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix}, year={2023} }","short":"E. Moritzer, F. Hecker, Macromolecular Symposia 411 (2023).","ama":"Moritzer E, Hecker F. Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process. <i>Macromolecular Symposia</i>. 2023;411(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181\">10.1002/masy.202200181</a>","chicago":"Moritzer, Elmar, and Felix Hecker. “Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process.” <i>Macromolecular Symposia</i> 411, no. 1 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181\">https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181</a>.","ieee":"E. Moritzer and F. Hecker, “Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process,” <i>Macromolecular Symposia</i>, vol. 411, no. 1, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202200181\">10.1002/masy.202200181</a>."},"intvolume":"       411","user_id":"45537","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"367"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"624"}],"_id":"48277","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"_id":"51218","user_id":"50769","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}],"editor":[{"last_name":"Beaman","full_name":"Beaman, Joseph","first_name":"Joseph"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sffsymposium.org/"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931","conference":{"start_date":"2023-08-14","name":"34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium","location":"Austin","end_date":"2023-08-16"},"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-04-02T12:46:08Z","author":[{"id":"50769","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo","last_name":"Kletetzka","first_name":"Ivo"},{"last_name":"Neitzel","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","id":"72307","full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian","first_name":"Fabian"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"place":"Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin","citation":{"apa":"Kletetzka, I., Neitzel, F., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering. In J. Beaman (Ed.), <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kletetzka_Neitzel_Schmid_2023, place={Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin}, title={Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium}, author={Kletetzka, Ivo and Neitzel, Fabian and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, editor={Beaman, Joseph}, year={2023} }","mla":"Kletetzka, Ivo, et al. “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide Composites Made by Laser Sintering.” <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, edited by Joseph Beaman, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931</a>.","short":"I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, H.-J. Schmid, in: J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023.","ama":"Kletetzka I, Neitzel F, Schmid H-J. Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering. In: Beaman J, ed. <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>. ; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931</a>","chicago":"Kletetzka, Ivo, Fabian Neitzel, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide Composites Made by Laser Sintering.” In <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, edited by Joseph Beaman. Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931</a>.","ieee":"I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, and H.-J. Schmid, “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering,” in <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, Austin, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931</a>."},"publication_status":"published","keyword":["Additive Manufacturing","Laser Sintering","Filled Materials","Composites","Polyamide 613"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Polymer composites represent the industry standard in injection molding for the production of plastic components with increased requirements in terms of heat resistance and stiffness. In the field of laser sintering (LS), these materials are less common so far. In order to extend the available material variety for the LS process, new ceramic-filled Polyamide 613 powders are investigated within the scope of this work. Here, the resulting properties from two different powder production methods are compared. One filled powder is produced by dry blending and the other powder with the same filler and filling ratio is produced by encapsulating the filler particles inside the polymer particles within the dissolution-precipitation process. It was found that encapsulating the filler particles can provide certain benefits for the processability, for example an improved powder flowability or better filler dispersion. However, encapsulating the filler also alters the thermal properties of the precipitated powder. ","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium","title":"Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering","date_created":"2024-02-07T13:59:25Z","year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1"},{"year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis","date_created":"2023-09-07T12:11:51Z","abstract":[{"text":"The high flammability of components manufactured by laser sintering (LS) using standard polyamide 12 (PA12) powder still severely restricts their use in industries such as electronics, aviation, and transportation. A key factor for the further establishment of LS is the expansion of the material portfolio with, for example, refreshable and halogen-free flame-retardant (FR) powder materials. Accordingly, various halogen-free FRs are investigated in this work and evaluated with respect to their use in LS. First, their decomposition behavior and mode of action are examined. Subsequently, the additives are dry blended with PA12 to investigate properties relevant for LS, such as particle morphology, thermal behavior and melt viscosity. Afterwards, test specimens for UL94 vertical flame-retardancy tests are produced by processing the dry blends on an EOS P3 LS system. Finally, the process stability of the process-aged powder blends is investigated by again examining the thermal behavior and melt viscosity.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium","keyword":["Additive Manufacturing","Laser Sintering","Flame Retardant","Polyamide 12"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"place":"Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin","citation":{"apa":"Neitzel, F., Kletetzka, I., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis. In J. Beaman (Ed.), <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Neitzel_Kletetzka_Schmid_2023, place={Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin}, title={Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium}, author={Neitzel, Fabian and Kletetzka, Ivo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, editor={Beaman, Joseph}, year={2023} }","short":"F. Neitzel, I. Kletetzka, H.-J. Schmid, in: J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023.","mla":"Neitzel, Fabian, et al. “Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis.” <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, edited by Joseph Beaman, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926</a>.","ama":"Neitzel F, Kletetzka I, Schmid H-J. Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis. In: Beaman J, ed. <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>. ; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926</a>","chicago":"Neitzel, Fabian, Ivo Kletetzka, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis.” In <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, edited by Joseph Beaman. Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926</a>.","ieee":"F. Neitzel, I. Kletetzka, and H.-J. Schmid, “Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis,” in <i>Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</i>, Austin, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926\">https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926</a>."},"publication_status":"published","conference":{"location":"Austin","end_date":"2023-08-16","start_date":"2023-08-14","name":"34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium"},"doi":"https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sffsymposium.org/"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-04-02T12:43:51Z","author":[{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Neitzel","orcid":"0009-0004-8412-3645 ","id":"72307","full_name":"Neitzel, Fabian"},{"last_name":"Kletetzka","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo","id":"50769","first_name":"Ivo"},{"id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"editor":[{"first_name":"Joseph","full_name":"Beaman, Joseph","last_name":"Beaman"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","_id":"46862","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"9"}],"user_id":"72307"},{"date_updated":"2023-04-27T12:33:28Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_created":"2023-03-27T19:57:12Z","author":[{"id":"38188","full_name":"Rüther, Moritz Johannes","last_name":"Rüther","first_name":"Moritz Johannes"},{"first_name":"Sven Helge","last_name":"Klippstein","id":"71545","full_name":"Klippstein, Sven Helge"},{"first_name":"SathishKumar","last_name":"Ponusamy","full_name":"Ponusamy, SathishKumar","id":"77383"},{"first_name":"Torben","full_name":"Rüther, Torben","id":"76950","last_name":"Rüther"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"volume":422,"title":"Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0032-5910"]},"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023","citation":{"ieee":"M. J. Rüther, S. H. Klippstein, S. Ponusamy, T. Rüther, and H.-J. Schmid, “Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 422, Art. no. 118460, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460\">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>.","chicago":"Rüther, Moritz Johannes, Sven Helge Klippstein, SathishKumar Ponusamy, Torben Rüther, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Flowability of Polymer Powders at Elevated Temperatures for Additive Manufacturing.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 422 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>.","ama":"Rüther MJ, Klippstein SH, Ponusamy S, Rüther T, Schmid H-J. Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2023;422. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460\">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>","apa":"Rüther, M. J., Klippstein, S. H., Ponusamy, S., Rüther, T., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing. <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>422</i>, Article 118460. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>","mla":"Rüther, Moritz Johannes, et al. “Flowability of Polymer Powders at Elevated Temperatures for Additive Manufacturing.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 422, 118460, Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460\">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Rüther_Klippstein_Ponusamy_Rüther_Schmid_2023, title={Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing}, volume={422}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460\">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>}, number={118460}, journal={Powder Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rüther, Moritz Johannes and Klippstein, Sven Helge and Ponusamy, SathishKumar and Rüther, Torben and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }","short":"M.J. Rüther, S.H. Klippstein, S. Ponusamy, T. Rüther, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 422 (2023)."},"intvolume":"       422","_id":"43128","user_id":"71545","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"219"}],"article_number":"118460","keyword":["General Chemical Engineering"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Powder Technology","status":"public"},{"language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"_id":"44509","series_title":"Forschungsberichte des Direct Manufacturing Research Centers ","user_id":"55833","department":[{"_id":"144"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"741"}],"status":"public","type":"dissertation","title":"Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns","date_updated":"2023-05-05T11:24:56Z","author":[{"full_name":"Kruse, Anne","id":"55833","last_name":"Kruse","first_name":"Anne"}],"supervisor":[{"first_name":"Rainer","full_name":"Koch, Rainer","last_name":"Koch"}],"date_created":"2023-05-05T11:24:51Z","volume":27,"year":"2023","citation":{"bibtex":"@book{Kruse_2023, series={Forschungsberichte des Direct Manufacturing Research Centers }, title={Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns}, volume={27}, author={Kruse, Anne}, year={2023}, collection={Forschungsberichte des Direct Manufacturing Research Centers } }","short":"A. Kruse, Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns, 2023.","mla":"Kruse, Anne. <i>Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns</i>. 2023.","apa":"Kruse, A. (2023). <i>Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns</i> (Vol. 27).","ama":"Kruse A. <i>Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns</i>. Vol 27.; 2023.","ieee":"A. Kruse, <i>Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns</i>, vol. 27. 2023.","chicago":"Kruse, Anne. <i>Entwicklung einer Methode zur Integration der Additiven Fertigung in die Serienproduktion am Beispiel des Lasersinterns</i>. Vol. 27. Forschungsberichte des Direct Manufacturing Research Centers , 2023."},"page":"145","intvolume":"        27","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-8440-8955-4"]}},{"publication":"Progress in Additive Manufacturing","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"In this work, the influence of the filler–matrix adhesion on the tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with Polyamide 613 filled with glass beads was investigated. For this purpose, dry blends of glass beads with and without organosilane coupling agents and polyamide powder were prepared and processed into tensile specimens on an EOS P396 laser sintering system. The samples were tested both in the dry state and after an accelerated conditioning in a climate chamber. Furthermore, finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed to model the extreme cases of optimum adhesion and no adhesion. By correlating the tensile tests with the simulation results and by analyzing the fracture surfaces, it was shown that the filler–matrix adhesion is sufficient in the dry state but is strongly degraded by conditioning. Even the presence of various organosilane thin films could not prevent a strong deterioration of the filler–matrix adhesion and the associated deterioration of the mechanical properties. Since a comparison with an injection-molded sample of the same polymer filler combination shows identical behavior after conditioning, it is assumed that this problem is not limited to additively manufactured parts.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"9"}],"user_id":"50769","_id":"46815","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2363-9512","2363-9520"]},"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Kletetzka, I., Kosanke, M., Meinderink, D., Neßlinger, V., Grundmeier, G., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Influence of the filler–matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with polyamide–glass bead dry blends. <i>Progress in Additive Manufacturing</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z</a>","short":"I. Kletetzka, M. Kosanke, D. Meinderink, V. Neßlinger, G. Grundmeier, H.-J. Schmid, Progress in Additive Manufacturing (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Kletetzka_Kosanke_Meinderink_Neßlinger_Grundmeier_Schmid_2023, title={Influence of the filler–matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with polyamide–glass bead dry blends}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z\">10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z</a>}, journal={Progress in Additive Manufacturing}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kletetzka, Ivo and Kosanke, Maren and Meinderink, Dennis and Neßlinger, Vanessa and Grundmeier, Guido and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }","mla":"Kletetzka, Ivo, et al. “Influence of the Filler–Matrix Adhesion and the Effects of Conditioning on Tensile Properties of Laser-Sintered Parts Built with Polyamide–Glass Bead Dry Blends.” <i>Progress in Additive Manufacturing</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z\">10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z</a>.","ieee":"I. Kletetzka, M. Kosanke, D. Meinderink, V. Neßlinger, G. Grundmeier, and H.-J. Schmid, “Influence of the filler–matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with polyamide–glass bead dry blends,” <i>Progress in Additive Manufacturing</i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z\">10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z</a>.","chicago":"Kletetzka, Ivo, Maren Kosanke, Dennis Meinderink, Vanessa Neßlinger, Guido Grundmeier, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Influence of the Filler–Matrix Adhesion and the Effects of Conditioning on Tensile Properties of Laser-Sintered Parts Built with Polyamide–Glass Bead Dry Blends.” <i>Progress in Additive Manufacturing</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z</a>.","ama":"Kletetzka I, Kosanke M, Meinderink D, Neßlinger V, Grundmeier G, Schmid H-J. Influence of the filler–matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with polyamide–glass bead dry blends. <i>Progress in Additive Manufacturing</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z\">10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z</a>"},"year":"2023","author":[{"id":"50769","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo","last_name":"Kletetzka","first_name":"Ivo"},{"last_name":"Kosanke","full_name":"Kosanke, Maren","first_name":"Maren"},{"full_name":"Meinderink, Dennis","last_name":"Meinderink","first_name":"Dennis"},{"first_name":"Vanessa","full_name":"Neßlinger, Vanessa","last_name":"Neßlinger"},{"last_name":"Grundmeier","id":"194","full_name":"Grundmeier, Guido","first_name":"Guido"},{"last_name":"Schmid","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"date_created":"2023-09-06T06:49:38Z","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-09-07T11:51:01Z","doi":"10.1007/s40964-023-00501-z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://rdcu.be/dlqzG"}],"title":"Influence of the filler–matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with polyamide–glass bead dry blends"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n        <jats:p>In this work, the influence of the filler matrix adhesion on the tensile properties of laser-sintered parts built with Polyamide 613 filled with glass beads was investigated. For this purpose, dry blends of glass beads with and without organosilane coupling agents and polyamide powder were prepared and processed into tensile specimens on an EOS P396. The samples were tested both in the dry state and after an accelerated conditioning in a climate chamber. Furthermore, FEM simulations were performed to model the limiting cases of optimum adhesion and no adhesion. By correlating the tensile tests with the simulation results and by analyzing the fracture surfaces, it was shown that the filler matrix adhesion is sufficient in the dry state but is strongly degraded by conditioning. Even the presence of various organosilane thin films could not prevent a strong deterioration of the filler-matrix adhesion and the associated deterioration of the mechanical properties. Since a comparison with an injection molded sample of the same polymer filler combination shows identical behavior after conditioning, it is assumed that this problem is not limited to additively manufactured parts.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","type":"preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"43049","user_id":"50769","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"9"}],"year":"2023","citation":{"chicago":"Kletetzka, Ivo, Maren Kosanke, Dennis Meinderink, Vanessa Neßlinger, Guido Grundmeier, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Influence of the Filler Matrix Adhesion and the Effects of Conditioning on Tensile Properties of Laser Sintered Parts Built with Polyamide Glass Bead Dry Blends.” Research Square Platform LLC, 2023.","ieee":"I. Kletetzka, M. Kosanke, D. Meinderink, V. Neßlinger, G. Grundmeier, and H.-J. Schmid, “Influence of the filler matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser sintered parts built with polyamide glass bead dry blends.” Research Square Platform LLC, 2023.","ama":"Kletetzka I, Kosanke M, Meinderink D, Neßlinger V, Grundmeier G, Schmid H-J. Influence of the filler matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser sintered parts built with polyamide glass bead dry blends. Published online 2023.","mla":"Kletetzka, Ivo, et al. <i>Influence of the Filler Matrix Adhesion and the Effects of Conditioning on Tensile Properties of Laser Sintered Parts Built with Polyamide Glass Bead Dry Blends</i>. Research Square Platform LLC, 2023.","short":"I. Kletetzka, M. Kosanke, D. Meinderink, V. Neßlinger, G. Grundmeier, H.-J. Schmid, (2023).","bibtex":"@article{Kletetzka_Kosanke_Meinderink_Neßlinger_Grundmeier_Schmid_2023, title={Influence of the filler matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser sintered parts built with polyamide glass bead dry blends}, publisher={Research Square Platform LLC}, author={Kletetzka, Ivo and Kosanke, Maren and Meinderink, Dennis and Neßlinger, Vanessa and Grundmeier, Guido and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }","apa":"Kletetzka, I., Kosanke, M., Meinderink, D., Neßlinger, V., Grundmeier, G., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). <i>Influence of the filler matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser sintered parts built with polyamide glass bead dry blends</i>. Research Square Platform LLC."},"publication_status":"published","title":"Influence of the filler matrix adhesion and the effects of conditioning on tensile properties of laser sintered parts built with polyamide glass bead dry blends","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2664324/v1"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-07T11:52:39Z","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC","oa":"1","date_created":"2023-03-20T09:13:23Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Kletetzka","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo"},{"last_name":"Kosanke","full_name":"Kosanke, Maren","first_name":"Maren"},{"first_name":"Dennis","full_name":"Meinderink, Dennis","last_name":"Meinderink"},{"last_name":"Neßlinger","full_name":"Neßlinger, Vanessa","first_name":"Vanessa"},{"first_name":"Guido","full_name":"Grundmeier, Guido","last_name":"Grundmeier"},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim"}]},{"conference":{"start_date":"2023-05-31","name":"Mobility goes Additve","location":"Berlin","end_date":"2023-05-31"},"title":"Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC","author":[{"last_name":"Kletetzka","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo","id":"50769","first_name":"Ivo"}],"date_created":"2023-06-27T08:32:16Z","date_updated":"2023-09-07T11:52:08Z","citation":{"mla":"Kletetzka, Ivo. <i>Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC</i>. 2023.","short":"I. Kletetzka, in: 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kletetzka_2023, title={Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC}, author={Kletetzka, Ivo}, year={2023} }","apa":"Kletetzka, I. (2023). <i>Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC</i>. Mobility goes Additve, Berlin.","chicago":"Kletetzka, Ivo. “Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC,” 2023.","ieee":"I. Kletetzka, “Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC,” presented at the Mobility goes Additve, Berlin, 2023.","ama":"Kletetzka I. Tensile Testing for Polymer AM - Best Pratice at the DMRC. In: ; 2023."},"year":"2023","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"50769","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"9"}],"_id":"45783","status":"public","type":"conference_abstract"},{"publication":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"In the laser sintering technology, the semi-crystalline polymer material is exposed to elevated temperatures during processing, which leads to serious material ageing for most materials. This has already been investigated intensively by various authors. However, the ageing of the material at ambient temperatures during shelf life has not been the focus so far. The need to analyse the shelf life can be derived from an ecological and economic point of view. This work is focusing on the shelf life of PA2200 (PA12). To reduce the potential influences of powder production fluctuations, two different powder batches stored for 5.5 years and 6.5 years are investigated and compared to a reference powder produced 0.5 years before these investigations. Multiple powder analyses and part characterisations have been performed. A significant yellowing and molecular chain length reduction can be derived from the measurement results. Whereas the influence on mechanical part performance was minor, the parts built with the stored powders are more yellowish. As it is most likely that this is due to the consumption of polyamide stabilisers, it can be assumed that these parts will be subject to significantly faster ageing. Therefore, it is still not recommended to use the stored powders for critical parts or light intense and humid environments.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"43046","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"624"},{"_id":"219"},{"_id":"9"}],"user_id":"50769","keyword":["Selective laser sintering","Shelf life","Polyamide 12","powder","PA2200","material ageing"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Klippstein SH, Kletetzka I, Sural I, Schmid H-J. Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties. <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>","ieee":"S. H. Klippstein, I. Kletetzka, I. Sural, and H.-J. Schmid, “Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties,” <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>.","chicago":"Klippstein, Sven Helge, Ivo Kletetzka, Ilknur Sural, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Influence of a Prolonged Shelf Time on PA12 Laser Sintering Powder and Resulting Part Properties.” <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Klippstein_Kletetzka_Sural_Schmid_2023, title={Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>}, journal={The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology }, publisher={Springer}, author={Klippstein, Sven Helge and Kletetzka, Ivo and Sural, Ilknur and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }","short":"S.H. Klippstein, I. Kletetzka, I. Sural, H.-J. Schmid, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology  (2023).","mla":"Klippstein, Sven Helge, et al. “Influence of a Prolonged Shelf Time on PA12 Laser Sintering Powder and Resulting Part Properties.” <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>, Springer, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>.","apa":"Klippstein, S. H., Kletetzka, I., Sural, I., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties. <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>"},"publisher":"Springer","oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-09-07T11:57:59Z","date_created":"2023-03-18T14:28:46Z","author":[{"last_name":"Klippstein","id":"71545","full_name":"Klippstein, Sven Helge","first_name":"Sven Helge"},{"id":"50769","full_name":"Kletetzka, Ivo","last_name":"Kletetzka","first_name":"Ivo"},{"full_name":"Sural, Ilknur","last_name":"Sural","first_name":"Ilknur"},{"orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"}],"title":"Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1"}]}]