---
_id: '63446'
citation:
ama: Dörre R, Laut-Berger C, Pilipets E, Schulz C, eds. Was waren soziale Medien?
Begriffe im Wandel. Vol 1. Universi Verlag
apa: Was waren soziale Medien? Begriffe im Wandel. (n.d.). In R. Dörre, C. Laut-Berger,
E. Pilipets, & C. Schulz (Eds.), Navigationen. Zeitschrift für Medien-
und Kulturwissenschaften (Vol. 1). Universi Verlag.
bibtex: '@book{Dörre_Laut-Berger_Pilipets_Schulz, title={Was waren soziale Medien?
Begriffe im Wandel}, volume={1}, journal={Navigationen. Zeitschrift für Medien-
und Kulturwissenschaften}, publisher={Universi Verlag} }'
chicago: Dörre, Robert, Christina Laut-Berger, Elena Pilipets, and Christian Schulz,
eds. Was waren soziale Medien? Begriffe im Wandel. Navigationen. Zeitschrift
für Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften. Vol. 1. Universi Verlag, n.d.
ieee: R. Dörre, C. Laut-Berger, E. Pilipets, and C. Schulz, Eds., Was waren soziale
Medien? Begriffe im Wandel, vol. 1. Universi Verlag.
mla: Dörre, Robert, et al., editors. “Was waren soziale Medien? Begriffe im Wandel.”
Navigationen. Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften, vol. 1,
Universi Verlag.
short: R. Dörre, C. Laut-Berger, E. Pilipets, C. Schulz, eds., Was waren soziale
Medien? Begriffe im Wandel, Universi Verlag, n.d.
date_created: 2026-01-05T09:12:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-24T08:45:59Z
department:
- _id: '757'
- _id: '660'
editor:
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Dörre, Robert
last_name: Dörre
- first_name: Christina
full_name: Laut-Berger, Christina
last_name: Laut-Berger
- first_name: 'Elena '
full_name: 'Pilipets, Elena '
last_name: Pilipets
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Schulz, Christian
id: '72684'
last_name: Schulz
intvolume: ' 1'
language:
- iso: ger
publication: Navigationen. Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften
publication_status: unpublished
publisher: Universi Verlag
status: public
title: Was waren soziale Medien? Begriffe im Wandel
type: journal_editor
user_id: '72684'
volume: 1
year: '2027'
...
---
_id: '63611'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: When humans interact with artificial intelligence (AI), one desideratum is
appropriate trust. Typically, appropriate trust encompasses that humans trust
AI except for instances in which they either explicitly notice AI errors or are
suspicious that errors could be present. So far, appropriate trust or related
notions have mainly been investigated by assessing trust and reliance. In this
contribution, we argue that these assessments are insufficient to measure the
complex aim of appropriate trust and the related notion of healthy distrust. We
introduce and test the perspective of covert visual attention as an additional
indicator for appropriate trust and draw conceptual connections to the notion
of healthy distrust. To test the validity of our conceptualization, we formalize
visual attention using the Theory of Visual Attention and measure its properties
that are potentially relevant to appropriate trust and healthy distrust in an
image classification task. Based on temporal-order judgment performance, we estimate
participants' attentional capacity and attentional weight toward correct and incorrect
mock-up AI classifications. We observe that misclassifications reduce attentional
capacity compared to correct classifications. However, our results do not indicate
that this reduction is beneficial for a subsequent judgment of the classifications.
The attentional weighting is not affected by the classifications' correctness
but by the difficulty of categorizing the stimuli themselves. We discuss these
results, their implications, and the limited potential for using visual attention
as an indicator of appropriate trust and healthy distrust.
article_number: '1694367'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tobias Martin
full_name: Peters, Tobias Martin
id: '92810'
last_name: Peters
orcid: 0009-0008-5193-6243
- first_name: Kai
full_name: Biermeier, Kai
id: '55908'
last_name: Biermeier
orcid: 0000-0002-2879-2359
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
ama: 'Peters TM, Biermeier K, Scharlau I. Assessing healthy distrust in human-AI
interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention. Frontiers in Psychology.
2026;16. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367'
apa: 'Peters, T. M., Biermeier, K., & Scharlau, I. (2026). Assessing healthy
distrust in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention. Frontiers
in Psychology, 16, Article 1694367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367'
bibtex: '@article{Peters_Biermeier_Scharlau_2026, title={Assessing healthy distrust
in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention}, volume={16},
DOI={10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367},
number={1694367}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media
SA}, author={Peters, Tobias Martin and Biermeier, Kai and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2026}
}'
chicago: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, Kai Biermeier, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Assessing
Healthy Distrust in Human-AI Interaction: Interpreting Changes in Visual Attention.”
Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2026). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367.'
ieee: 'T. M. Peters, K. Biermeier, and I. Scharlau, “Assessing healthy distrust
in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in visual attention,” Frontiers
in Psychology, vol. 16, Art. no. 1694367, 2026, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367.'
mla: 'Peters, Tobias Martin, et al. “Assessing Healthy Distrust in Human-AI Interaction:
Interpreting Changes in Visual Attention.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol.
16, 1694367, Frontiers Media SA, 2026, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367.'
short: T.M. Peters, K. Biermeier, I. Scharlau, Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2026).
date_created: 2026-01-14T14:21:59Z
date_updated: 2026-01-14T14:29:03Z
department:
- _id: '424'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1694367
intvolume: ' 16'
keyword:
- appropriate trust
- healthy distrust
- visual attention
- Theory of Visual Attention
- human-AI interaction
- Bayesian cognitive model
- image classification
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '124'
name: 'TRR 318 ; TP C01: Gesundes Misstrauen in Erklärungen'
publication: Frontiers in Psychology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1664-1078
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media SA
status: public
title: 'Assessing healthy distrust in human-AI interaction: interpreting changes in
visual attention'
type: journal_article
user_id: '92810'
volume: 16
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61323'
author:
- first_name: Britta
full_name: Wrede, Britta
last_name: Wrede
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
last_name: Buschmeier
- first_name: Katharina Justine
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina Justine
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
orcid: 0000-0002-5676-8233
- first_name: Meisam
full_name: Booshehri, Meisam
last_name: Booshehri
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
citation:
ama: 'Wrede B, Buschmeier H, Rohlfing KJ, Booshehri M, Grimminger A. Incremental
communication. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, Lim BY, eds.
Social Explainable AI. Springer; 2026:227-245. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12'
apa: Wrede, B., Buschmeier, H., Rohlfing, K. J., Booshehri, M., & Grimminger,
A. (2026). Incremental communication. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar,
K. Thommes, & B. Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI (pp. 227–245).
Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12
bibtex: '@inbook{Wrede_Buschmeier_Rohlfing_Booshehri_Grimminger_2026, title={Incremental
communication}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Wrede, Britta
and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Rohlfing, Katharina Justine and Booshehri, Meisam
and Grimminger, Angela}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and
Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten and Lim, Brian Y.}, year={2026}, pages={227–245}
}'
chicago: Wrede, Britta, Hendrik Buschmeier, Katharina Justine Rohlfing, Meisam Booshehri,
and Angela Grimminger. “Incremental Communication.” In Social Explainable AI,
edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Suzana Alpsancar, Kirsten Thommes,
and Brian Y. Lim, 227–45. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12.
ieee: B. Wrede, H. Buschmeier, K. J. Rohlfing, M. Booshehri, and A. Grimminger,
“Incremental communication,” in Social Explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing,
K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes, and B. Y. Lim, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp.
227–245.
mla: Wrede, Britta, et al. “Incremental Communication.” Social Explainable AI,
edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 227–45, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12.
short: 'B. Wrede, H. Buschmeier, K.J. Rohlfing, M. Booshehri, A. Grimminger, in:
K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes, B.Y. Lim (Eds.), Social
Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 227–245.'
date_created: 2025-09-17T10:16:36Z
date_updated: 2026-03-19T12:38:37Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Brian Y.
full_name: Lim, Brian Y.
last_name: Lim
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
page: 227-245
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '115'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog'
- _id: '113'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject A3
- _id: '118'
name: 'TRR 318: Project Area INF'
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: original
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_12
status: public
title: Incremental communication
type: book_chapter
user_id: '57578'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61321'
author:
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
last_name: Buschmeier
citation:
ama: 'Grimminger A, Buschmeier H. Theoretical aspects of multimodal processing.
In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, Lim BY, eds. Social Explainable
AI. Springer; 2026:351-365. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18'
apa: Grimminger, A., & Buschmeier, H. (2026). Theoretical aspects of multimodal
processing. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes, & B.
Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI (pp. 351–365). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18
bibtex: '@inbook{Grimminger_Buschmeier_2026, title={Theoretical aspects of multimodal
processing}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Grimminger, Angela
and Buschmeier, Hendrik}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and
Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten and Lim, Brian Y.}, year={2026}, pages={351–365}
}'
chicago: Grimminger, Angela, and Hendrik Buschmeier. “Theoretical Aspects of Multimodal
Processing.” In Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing,
Kary Främling, Suzana Alpsancar, Kirsten Thommes, and Brian Y. Lim, 351–65. Springer,
2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18.
ieee: A. Grimminger and H. Buschmeier, “Theoretical aspects of multimodal processing,”
in Social Explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K.
Thommes, and B. Y. Lim, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 351–365.
mla: Grimminger, Angela, and Hendrik Buschmeier. “Theoretical Aspects of Multimodal
Processing.” Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et
al., Springer, 2026, pp. 351–65, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18.
short: 'A. Grimminger, H. Buschmeier, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar,
K. Thommes, B.Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 351–365.'
date_created: 2025-09-17T10:13:52Z
date_updated: 2026-03-19T12:48:40Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Brian Y.
full_name: Lim, Brian Y.
last_name: Lim
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
page: 351-365
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: original
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_18
status: public
title: Theoretical aspects of multimodal processing
type: book_chapter
user_id: '57578'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61322'
author:
- first_name: Stefan Teodorov
full_name: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov
id: '90345'
last_name: Lazarov
orcid: 0009-0009-0892-9483
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Tchappi, Igor
last_name: Tchappi
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
citation:
ama: 'Lazarov ST, Tchappi I, Grimminger A. Characteristics of nonverbal behavior.
In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, Lim BY, eds. Social Explainable
AI. Springer; 2026:367-390. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19'
apa: Lazarov, S. T., Tchappi, I., & Grimminger, A. (2026). Characteristics of
nonverbal behavior. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes,
& B. Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI (pp. 367–390). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19
bibtex: '@inbook{Lazarov_Tchappi_Grimminger_2026, title={Characteristics of nonverbal
behavior}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Lazarov, Stefan
Teodorov and Tchappi, Igor and Grimminger, Angela}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina
J. and Främling, Kary and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten and Lim, Brian
Y.}, year={2026}, pages={367–390} }'
chicago: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Igor Tchappi, and Angela Grimminger. “Characteristics
of Nonverbal Behavior.” In Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J.
Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Suzana Alpsancar, Kirsten Thommes, and Brian Y. Lim,
367–90. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19.
ieee: S. T. Lazarov, I. Tchappi, and A. Grimminger, “Characteristics of nonverbal
behavior,” in Social Explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar,
K. Thommes, and B. Y. Lim, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 367–390.
mla: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, et al. “Characteristics of Nonverbal Behavior.” Social
Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp.
367–90, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19.
short: 'S.T. Lazarov, I. Tchappi, A. Grimminger, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling,
S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes, B.Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026,
pp. 367–390.'
date_created: 2025-09-17T10:15:42Z
date_updated: 2026-03-19T13:58:43Z
department:
- _id: '660'
- _id: '36'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Brian Y.
full_name: Lim, Brian Y.
last_name: Lim
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
page: 367-390
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: original
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_19
status: public
title: Characteristics of nonverbal behavior
type: book_chapter
user_id: '57578'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61324'
author:
- first_name: Petra
full_name: Wagner, Petra
last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
citation:
ama: 'Wagner P, Kopp S. Timing and synchronization of multimodal signals in explanations.
In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, Lim BY, eds. Social Explainable
AI. Springer; 2026:433-446. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22'
apa: Wagner, P., & Kopp, S. (2026). Timing and synchronization of multimodal
signals in explanations. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes,
& B. Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI (pp. 433–446). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22
bibtex: '@inbook{Wagner_Kopp_2026, title={Timing and synchronization of multimodal
signals in explanations}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Wagner, Petra
and Kopp, Stefan}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Alpsancar,
Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten and Lim, Brian Y.}, year={2026}, pages={433–446} }'
chicago: Wagner, Petra, and Stefan Kopp. “Timing and Synchronization of Multimodal
Signals in Explanations.” In Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina
J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Suzana Alpsancar, Kirsten Thommes, and Brian Y. Lim,
433–46. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22.
ieee: P. Wagner and S. Kopp, “Timing and synchronization of multimodal signals in
explanations,” in Social Explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S.
Alpsancar, K. Thommes, and B. Y. Lim, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 433–446.
mla: Wagner, Petra, and Stefan Kopp. “Timing and Synchronization of Multimodal Signals
in Explanations.” Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing
et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 433–46, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22.
short: 'P. Wagner, S. Kopp, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes,
B.Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 433–446.'
date_created: 2025-09-17T10:16:49Z
date_updated: 2026-03-19T13:58:53Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Brian Y.
full_name: Lim, Brian Y.
last_name: Lim
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
page: 433-446
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: original
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_22
status: public
title: Timing and synchronization of multimodal signals in explanations
type: book_chapter
user_id: '57578'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61112'
author:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
orcid: 0000-0002-5676-8233
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
citation:
ama: 'Rohlfing KJ, Vollmer A-L, Grimminger A. Practices: How to establish an explaining
practice. In: Rohlfing K, Främling K, Thommes K, Alpsancar S, Lim BY, eds. Social
Explainable AI. Springer; 2026. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5'
apa: 'Rohlfing, K. J., Vollmer, A.-L., & Grimminger, A. (2026). Practices: How
to establish an explaining practice. In K. Rohlfing, K. Främling, K. Thommes,
S. Alpsancar, & B. Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5'
bibtex: '@inbook{Rohlfing_Vollmer_Grimminger_2026, title={Practices: How to establish
an explaining practice}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina
J. and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Grimminger, Angela}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina
and Främling, Kary and Thommes, Kirsten and Alpsancar, Suzana and Lim, Brian Y.},
year={2026} }'
chicago: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., Anna-Lisa Vollmer, and Angela Grimminger. “Practices:
How to Establish an Explaining Practice.” In Social Explainable AI, edited
by Katharina Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Kirsten Thommes, Suzana Alpsancar, and Brian
Y. Lim. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5.'
ieee: 'K. J. Rohlfing, A.-L. Vollmer, and A. Grimminger, “Practices: How to establish
an explaining practice,” in Social Explainable AI, K. Rohlfing, K. Främling,
K. Thommes, S. Alpsancar, and B. Y. Lim, Eds. Springer, 2026.'
mla: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Practices: How to Establish an Explaining
Practice.” Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina Rohlfing et al.,
Springer, 2026, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5.'
short: 'K.J. Rohlfing, A.-L. Vollmer, A. Grimminger, in: K. Rohlfing, K. Främling,
K. Thommes, S. Alpsancar, B.Y. Lim (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026.'
date_created: 2025-09-02T14:33:16Z
date_updated: 2026-03-20T09:11:58Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5
editor:
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Brian Y.
full_name: Lim, Brian Y.
last_name: Lim
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '115'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog'
- _id: '123'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject B5
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: original
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_5
status: public
title: 'Practices: How to establish an explaining practice'
type: book_chapter
user_id: '57578'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61325'
author:
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Heike M.
full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
id: '27152'
last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Rachid
full_name: Alami, Rachid
last_name: Alami
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Meisam
full_name: Booshehri, Meisam
last_name: Booshehri
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
id: '65716'
last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
citation:
ama: 'Vollmer A-L, Buhl HM, Alami R, et al. Components of an explanation for co-constructive
sXAI. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Lim B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. Social
Explainable AI. Springer; 2026:39-53. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3'
apa: Vollmer, A.-L., Buhl, H. M., Alami, R., Främling, K., Grimminger, A., Booshehri,
M., & Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2026). Components of an explanation for co-constructive
sXAI. In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, & K. Thommes (Eds.),
Social Explainable AI (pp. 39–53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3
bibtex: '@inbook{Vollmer_Buhl_Alami_Främling_Grimminger_Booshehri_Ngonga Ngomo_2026,
title={Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
and Buhl, Heike M. and Alami, Rachid and Främling, Kary and Grimminger, Angela
and Booshehri, Meisam and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, editor={Rohlfing, Katharina
J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes, Kirsten},
year={2026}, pages={39–53} }'
chicago: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Heike M. Buhl, Rachid Alami, Kary Främling, Angela
Grimminger, Meisam Booshehri, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. “Components of an
Explanation for Co-Constructive SXAI.” In Social Explainable AI, edited
by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kirsten
Thommes, 39–53. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3.
ieee: A.-L. Vollmer et al., “Components of an explanation for co-constructive
sXAI,” in Social Explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S.
Alpsancar, and K. Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53.
mla: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “Components of an Explanation for Co-Constructive
SXAI.” Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer,
2026, pp. 39–53, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3.
short: 'A.-L. Vollmer, H.M. Buhl, R. Alami, K. Främling, A. Grimminger, M. Booshehri,
A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes
(Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 39–53.'
date_created: 2025-09-17T10:16:52Z
date_updated: 2026-03-23T18:28:01Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Brian
full_name: Lim, Brian
last_name: Lim
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3
oa: '1'
page: 39-53
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '114'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten'
- _id: '123'
name: TRR 318 - Subproject B5
- _id: '118'
name: 'TRR 318: Project Area INF'
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: original
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_3
status: public
title: Components of an explanation for co-constructive sXAI
type: book_chapter
user_id: '90826'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '65084'
author:
- first_name: Heike M.
full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
id: '27152'
last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
id: '86589'
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Rachid
full_name: Alami, Rachid
last_name: Alami
- first_name: Meisam
full_name: Booshehri, Meisam
id: '93424'
last_name: Booshehri
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
citation:
ama: 'Buhl HM, Vollmer A-L, Alami R, Booshehri M, Främling K. Models of the situation,
the explanandum, and the interaction partner. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling K, Lim
B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. Social Explainable AI. Springer; 2026:269-295.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14'
apa: Buhl, H. M., Vollmer, A.-L., Alami, R., Booshehri, M., & Främling, K. (2026).
Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner. In K. J.
Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, & K. Thommes (Eds.), Social
explainable AI (pp. 269–295). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14
bibtex: '@inbook{Buhl_Vollmer_Alami_Booshehri_Främling_2026, title={Models of the
situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14},
booktitle={Social explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Buhl, Heike M.
and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Alami, Rachid and Booshehri, Meisam and Främling, Kary},
editor={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar,
Suzana and Thommes, Kisten}, year={2026}, pages={269–295} }'
chicago: Buhl, Heike M., Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Rachid Alami, Meisam Booshehri, and
Kary Främling. “Models of the Situation, the Explanandum, and the Interaction
Partner.” In Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing, Kary
Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kisten Thommes, 269–95. Springer, 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14.
ieee: H. M. Buhl, A.-L. Vollmer, R. Alami, M. Booshehri, and K. Främling, “Models
of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner,” in Social
explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, and K.
Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 269–295.
mla: Buhl, Heike M., et al. “Models of the Situation, the Explanandum, and the Interaction
Partner.” Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing et al.,
Springer, 2026, pp. 269–95, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14.
short: 'H.M. Buhl, A.-L. Vollmer, R. Alami, M. Booshehri, K. Främling, in: K.J.
Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes (Eds.), Social Explainable
AI, Springer, 2026, pp. 269–295.'
date_created: 2026-03-23T08:06:57Z
date_updated: 2026-03-23T18:24:49Z
department:
- _id: '427'
- _id: '660'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Brian
full_name: Lim, Brian
last_name: Lim
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kisten
full_name: Thommes, Kisten
last_name: Thommes
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14
oa: '1'
page: 269-295
project:
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '114'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten'
- _id: '121'
name: 'TRR 318; TP B01: Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen des
maschinellen Lernens'
publication: Social explainable AI
publisher: Springer
related_material:
link:
- relation: confirmation
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_14
status: public
title: Models of the situation, the explanandum, and the interaction partner
type: book_chapter
user_id: '90826'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '65083'
author:
- first_name: Heike M.
full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
id: '27152'
last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Britta
full_name: Wrede, Britta
last_name: Wrede
- first_name: Josephine Beryl
full_name: Fisher, Josephine Beryl
id: '56345'
last_name: Fisher
orcid: 0000-0002-9997-9241
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Matarese, Marco
last_name: Matarese
citation:
ama: 'Buhl HM, Wrede B, Fisher JB, Matarese M. Adaptation. In: Rohlfing KJ, Främling
K, Lim B, Alpsancar S, Thommes K, eds. Social Explainable AI. Springer;
2026:247-267. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13'
apa: Buhl, H. M., Wrede, B., Fisher, J. B., & Matarese, M. (2026). Adaptation.
In K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, & K. Thommes (Eds.),
Social Explainable AI (pp. 247–267). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13
bibtex: '@inbook{Buhl_Wrede_Fisher_Matarese_2026, title={Adaptation}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer}, author={Buhl, Heike M.
and Wrede, Britta and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Matarese, Marco}, editor={Rohlfing,
Katharina J. and Främling, Kary and Lim, Brian and Alpsancar, Suzana and Thommes,
Kirsten}, year={2026}, pages={247–267} }'
chicago: Buhl, Heike M., Britta Wrede, Josephine Beryl Fisher, and Marco Matarese.
“Adaptation.” In Social Explainable AI, edited by Katharina J. Rohlfing,
Kary Främling, Brian Lim, Suzana Alpsancar, and Kirsten Thommes, 247–67. Springer,
2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13.
ieee: H. M. Buhl, B. Wrede, J. B. Fisher, and M. Matarese, “Adaptation,” in Social
Explainable AI, K. J. Rohlfing, K. Främling, B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, and K.
Thommes, Eds. Springer, 2026, pp. 247–267.
mla: Buhl, Heike M., et al. “Adaptation.” Social Explainable AI, edited by
Katharina J. Rohlfing et al., Springer, 2026, pp. 247–67, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13.
short: 'H.M. Buhl, B. Wrede, J.B. Fisher, M. Matarese, in: K.J. Rohlfing, K. Främling,
B. Lim, S. Alpsancar, K. Thommes (Eds.), Social Explainable AI, Springer, 2026,
pp. 247–267.'
date_created: 2026-03-23T07:55:56Z
date_updated: 2026-03-23T18:25:34Z
department:
- _id: '427'
- _id: '660'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13
editor:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Kary
full_name: Främling, Kary
last_name: Främling
- first_name: Brian
full_name: Lim, Brian
last_name: Lim
- first_name: Suzana
full_name: Alpsancar, Suzana
last_name: Alpsancar
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
last_name: Thommes
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13
oa: '1'
page: 247-267
project:
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '114'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten'
- _id: '115'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A05: Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog'
- _id: '118'
name: 'TRR 318: Project Area INF'
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
unknown:
- 978-981-96-5290-7
publisher: Springer
related_material:
link:
- relation: confirmation
url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_13
status: public
title: Adaptation
type: book_chapter
user_id: '90826'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61151'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this paper, we discuss the application of retrospective video recall for
the assessment of cognitive processes in explanatory interactions, such as understanding
and mental models. Our purpose is to reflect on the benefits and limitations of
video recall compared to another self-report method, ‘thinking-aloud’. To do so,
we reveal empirical results from the application of video recall in three interdisciplinary
research projects that applied the method for the qualitative and quantitative
assessment of cognitive and behavioral phenomena in everyday explanations. In
all three projects, video recall was applied as a post-hoc procedure following
the recording of dyadic face-to-face explanations of board games. The design of
the video recall procedure differed between individual projects because they pursued
different research objectives – that is the investigation of (1) an interlocutor's
multimodal signals of understanding, (2) the change in assumptions about an interlocutor's
dispositional and situational knowledge, and (3) the differentiated assessment
of an interlocutor's developing understanding of domain knowledge aspects by distinguishing
between mechanistic and functional explanatory stances. By discussing the benefits
and the limitations of each procedure, this article provides critical reflections
on video recall as a versatile research method applied for the analysis of human
multimodal behavior in interaction and cognitive processing.
author:
- first_name: Stefan Teodorov
full_name: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov
id: '90345'
last_name: Lazarov
orcid: 0009-0009-0892-9483
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Schaffer, Michael
id: '92807'
last_name: Schaffer
- first_name: Viviane
full_name: Gladow, Viviane
last_name: Gladow
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
- first_name: Heike M.
full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
id: '27152'
last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
citation:
ama: Lazarov ST, Schaffer M, Gladow V, Buschmeier H, Buhl HM, Grimminger A. Retrospective
video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations.
apa: Lazarov, S. T., Schaffer, M., Gladow, V., Buschmeier, H., Buhl, H. M., &
Grimminger, A. (n.d.). Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes
in naturalistic explanations.
bibtex: '@article{Lazarov_Schaffer_Gladow_Buschmeier_Buhl_Grimminger, title={Retrospective
video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic explanations},
author={Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Schaffer, Michael and Gladow, Viviane and
Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Grimminger, Angela} }'
chicago: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Michael Schaffer, Viviane Gladow, Hendrik Buschmeier,
Heike M. Buhl, and Angela Grimminger. “Retrospective Video Recall for Analyzing
Cognitive Processes in Naturalistic Explanations,” n.d.
ieee: S. T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, V. Gladow, H. Buschmeier, H. M. Buhl, and A. Grimminger,
“Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic
explanations.” .
mla: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, et al. Retrospective Video Recall for Analyzing
Cognitive Processes in Naturalistic Explanations.
short: S.T. Lazarov, M. Schaffer, V. Gladow, H. Buschmeier, H.M. Buhl, A. Grimminger,
(n.d.).
date_created: 2025-09-08T14:11:37Z
date_updated: 2026-03-27T16:18:03Z
department:
- _id: '660'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/u24kz_v2
page: '29'
project:
- _id: '111'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A01: Adaptives Erklären'
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
- _id: '114'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A04: Integration des technischen Modells in das Partnermodell
bei der Erklärung von digitalen Artefakten'
publication_status: submitted
status: public
title: Retrospective video recall for analyzing cognitive processes in naturalistic
explanations
type: preprint
user_id: '76456'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '64914'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We investigate how verbal and nonverbal linguistic features, exhibited by
speakers and listeners in dialogue, can contribute to predicting the listener''s
state of understanding in explanatory interactions on a moment-by-moment basis.
Specifically, we examine three linguistic cues related to cognitive load and hypothesised
to correlate with listener understanding: the information value (operationalised
with surprisal) and syntactic complexity of the speaker''s utterances, and the
variation in the listener''s interactive gaze behaviour. Based on statistical
analyses of the MUNDEX corpus of face-to-face dialogic board game explanations,
we find that individual cues vary with the listener''s level of understanding.
Listener states (‘Understanding’, ‘Partial Understanding’, ‘Non-Understanding’
and ‘Misunderstanding’) were self-annotated by the listeners using a retrospective
video-recall method. The results of a subsequent classification experiment, involving
two off-the-shelf classifiers and a fine-tuned German BERT-based multimodal classifier,
demonstrate that prediction of these four states of understanding is generally
possible and improves when the three linguistic cues are considered alongside
textual features.'
author:
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Wang, Yu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Olcay
full_name: Türk, Olcay
last_name: Türk
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
citation:
ama: 'Wang Y, Türk O, Grimminger A, Buschmeier H. Predicting states of understanding
in explanatory interactions using cognitive load-related linguistic cues. In:
Proceedings of the 15th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. ELRA;
2026:11368-11378. doi:10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad'
apa: Wang, Y., Türk, O., Grimminger, A., & Buschmeier, H. (2026). Predicting
states of understanding in explanatory interactions using cognitive load-related
linguistic cues. Proceedings of the 15th Language Resources and Evaluation
Conference, 11368–11378. https://doi.org/10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Wang_Türk_Grimminger_Buschmeier_2026, place={Palma, Mallorca,
Spain}, title={Predicting states of understanding in explanatory interactions
using cognitive load-related linguistic cues}, DOI={10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 15th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference},
publisher={ELRA}, author={Wang, Yu and Türk, Olcay and Grimminger, Angela and
Buschmeier, Hendrik}, year={2026}, pages={11368–11378} }'
chicago: 'Wang, Yu, Olcay Türk, Angela Grimminger, and Hendrik Buschmeier. “Predicting
States of Understanding in Explanatory Interactions Using Cognitive Load-Related
Linguistic Cues.” In Proceedings of the 15th Language Resources and Evaluation
Conference, 11368–78. Palma, Mallorca, Spain: ELRA, 2026. https://doi.org/10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad.'
ieee: 'Y. Wang, O. Türk, A. Grimminger, and H. Buschmeier, “Predicting states of
understanding in explanatory interactions using cognitive load-related linguistic
cues,” in Proceedings of the 15th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference,
Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 2026, pp. 11368–11378, doi: 10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad.'
mla: Wang, Yu, et al. “Predicting States of Understanding in Explanatory Interactions
Using Cognitive Load-Related Linguistic Cues.” Proceedings of the 15th Language
Resources and Evaluation Conference, ELRA, 2026, pp. 11368–78, doi:10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad.
short: 'Y. Wang, O. Türk, A. Grimminger, H. Buschmeier, in: Proceedings of the 15th
Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, ELRA, Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 2026,
pp. 11368–11378.'
conference:
end_date: 2026-05-16
location: Palma, Mallorca, Spain
name: 15th Biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
start_date: 2026-05-11
date_created: 2026-03-13T17:59:22Z
date_updated: 2026-05-07T08:08:53Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.63317/4tsmsshhd3ad
oa: '1'
page: 11368-11378
place: Palma, Mallorca, Spain
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Proceedings of the 15th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
publication_status: published
publisher: ELRA
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Predicting states of understanding in explanatory interactions using cognitive
load-related linguistic cues
type: conference
user_id: '76456'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '65565'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Abstract\r\n Gaze behavior,
being continuously accessible to interlocutors in face-to-face interactions, serves
as a cue for managing turn-taking, regulating the duration of topical sequences,
and supporting cognitive processing in various everyday conversational contexts.
The present study seeks to enhance the understanding of the relation between two
forms of interactive gaze behavior – gaze aversions and mutual gaze – and the
topical development in the explanatory discourse. To do so, we analyzed 24 dyadic
board game explanations in which one explainer subsequently explained a board
game to three different explainees while the board game was physically absent
from the shared space. The main objective of the present study was to investigate
the relation of gaze aversions and mutual gaze to the topical development of explanations.
For this, based on previous research (Lazarov et al., 2024; Rossano, 2012) we
hypothesized that (1) gaze aversions are more likely to be associated with topic
changes than topic continuations, and that (2) mutual gaze is more likely to be
associated with topic continuations than topic changes. In addition, we explored
how the two forms of gaze behavior are related to the interlocutor who initiates
a topic change or continuation. Our proportional analysis using a Generalized
linear mixed effects model revealed that gaze aversions are related to topic changes
initiated by both interlocutors. In contrast, the analysis did not reveal a significant
relation between mutual gaze and topic continuations, which could be explained
by the feedback elicitation function of mutual gaze at the end of speakers’ utterances
(Bavelas et al., 2002; Brône et al., 2017; Kendon, 1967) while monitoring the
addressees’ understanding (Clark & Krych, 2004) and the complexity of the
analyzed fixed and random effects."
author:
- first_name: Stefan Teodorov
full_name: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov
id: '90345'
last_name: Lazarov
orcid: 0009-0009-0892-9483
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
citation:
ama: Lazarov ST, Grimminger A. How are gaze aversions and mutual gaze related to
the topical development of dyadic explanatory interactions? Journal of Nonverbal
Behavior. Published online 2026. doi:10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8
apa: Lazarov, S. T., & Grimminger, A. (2026). How are gaze aversions and mutual
gaze related to the topical development of dyadic explanatory interactions? Journal
of Nonverbal Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8
bibtex: '@article{Lazarov_Grimminger_2026, title={How are gaze aversions and mutual
gaze related to the topical development of dyadic explanatory interactions?},
DOI={10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8},
journal={Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, publisher={Springer Science and Business
Media LLC}, author={Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Grimminger, Angela}, year={2026}
}'
chicago: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, and Angela Grimminger. “How Are Gaze Aversions
and Mutual Gaze Related to the Topical Development of Dyadic Explanatory Interactions?”
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8.
ieee: 'S. T. Lazarov and A. Grimminger, “How are gaze aversions and mutual gaze
related to the topical development of dyadic explanatory interactions?,” Journal
of Nonverbal Behavior, 2026, doi: 10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8.'
mla: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, and Angela Grimminger. “How Are Gaze Aversions and
Mutual Gaze Related to the Topical Development of Dyadic Explanatory Interactions?”
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, Springer Science and Business Media LLC,
2026, doi:10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8.
short: S.T. Lazarov, A. Grimminger, Journal of Nonverbal Behavior (2026).
date_created: 2026-05-05T14:19:47Z
date_updated: 2026-06-04T18:48:45Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/s10919-026-00512-8
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0191-5886
- 1573-3653
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: How are gaze aversions and mutual gaze related to the topical development of
dyadic explanatory interactions?
type: journal_article
user_id: '57578'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66854'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: |-
Abstract
Investigating the real-time interplay between language and vision has traditionally involved a trade-off between experimental control and interactive setups. To address this challenge, we present a methodological framework that embeds the visual world paradigm (VWP) within a continuous, goal-directed human–robot interaction (HRI) task. By augmenting VWP in an HRI setup to produce standardized yet responsive verbal and non-verbal behaviours, the framework makes it possible to selectively examine comprehension, production, actions and their relation to visual attention in real-time. We demonstrate the utility of the framework through a proof-of-concept manipulating action structure, specifically path and manner, as well as other-initiated repair formats, namely open and restricted requests. The findings show that the setup reliably captures time-locked referential gaze dynamics following comprehension and preceding production processes. They further indicate that differences in action history systematically influence speakers’ pre-verbal cognitive processes and their subsequent linguistic choices. These findings suggest that HRI can provide a useful methodological middle ground to investigate language processes online in a tightly controlled setup without disrupting the interaction. More broadly, the framework offers a test bed for examining whether established psycholinguistic findings extend to HRI setups. At the same time, it provides HRI researchers with an empirical basis for developing adaptive agents informed by online language-vision interaction theories.
article_number: '112'
author:
- first_name: Amit
full_name: Singh, Amit
last_name: Singh
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
ama: Singh A, Rohlfing KJ. A Methodological Framework for Studying Online Language–Vision
Interplay in Human–Robot Interaction. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research.
2026;55(5). doi:10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z
apa: Singh, A., & Rohlfing, K. J. (2026). A Methodological Framework for Studying
Online Language–Vision Interplay in Human–Robot Interaction. Journal of Psycholinguistic
Research, 55(5), Article 112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z
bibtex: '@article{Singh_Rohlfing_2026, title={A Methodological Framework for Studying
Online Language–Vision Interplay in Human–Robot Interaction}, volume={55}, DOI={10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z},
number={5112}, journal={Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, publisher={Springer
Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Singh, Amit and Rohlfing, Katharina J.},
year={2026} }'
chicago: Singh, Amit, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “A Methodological Framework for
Studying Online Language–Vision Interplay in Human–Robot Interaction.” Journal
of Psycholinguistic Research 55, no. 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z.
ieee: 'A. Singh and K. J. Rohlfing, “A Methodological Framework for Studying Online
Language–Vision Interplay in Human–Robot Interaction,” Journal of Psycholinguistic
Research, vol. 55, no. 5, Art. no. 112, 2026, doi: 10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z.'
mla: Singh, Amit, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “A Methodological Framework for Studying
Online Language–Vision Interplay in Human–Robot Interaction.” Journal of Psycholinguistic
Research, vol. 55, no. 5, 112, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026,
doi:10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z.
short: A. Singh, K.J. Rohlfing, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 55 (2026).
date_created: 2026-08-26T10:28:57Z
date_updated: 2026-08-26T10:30:40Z
department:
- _id: '749'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/s10936-026-10296-z
intvolume: ' 55'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0090-6905
- 1573-6555
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: A Methodological Framework for Studying Online Language–Vision Interplay in
Human–Robot Interaction
type: journal_article
user_id: '91018'
volume: 55
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66856'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: |-
Abstract
Goals are central to human actions: In fact, human actions are organized toward goals. Already early in human development, human perception becomes biased to goal-directed actions. A characteristic of social interaction is that goals can be shared among involved agents. This is a great benefit for designing sXAI as it allows explanation goals to be collaboratively negotiated. Even more, depending on the goal, users could be dynamically but minimalistically supported in their autonomous actions. Future sXAI developments can benefit from this chapter by recognizing how essential goals are and that they constitute an intersection of individual actions and social ecologies.
author:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Amit
full_name: Singh, Amit
last_name: Singh
- first_name: André
full_name: Groß, André
last_name: Groß
- first_name: Britta
full_name: Wrede, Britta
last_name: Wrede
citation:
ama: 'Rohlfing KJ, Singh A, Groß A, Wrede B. Explanation Goals. In: Social Explainable
AI. Springer Nature Singapore; 2026. doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_6'
apa: Rohlfing, K. J., Singh, A., Groß, A., & Wrede, B. (2026). Explanation Goals.
In Social Explainable AI. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_6
bibtex: '@inbook{Rohlfing_Singh_Groß_Wrede_2026, place={Singapore}, title={Explanation
Goals}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_6},
booktitle={Social Explainable AI}, publisher={Springer Nature Singapore}, author={Rohlfing,
Katharina J. and Singh, Amit and Groß, André and Wrede, Britta}, year={2026} }'
chicago: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., Amit Singh, André Groß, and Britta Wrede. “Explanation
Goals.” In Social Explainable AI. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore,
2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_6.'
ieee: 'K. J. Rohlfing, A. Singh, A. Groß, and B. Wrede, “Explanation Goals,” in
Social Explainable AI, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2026.'
mla: Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Explanation Goals.” Social Explainable AI,
Springer Nature Singapore, 2026, doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_6.
short: 'K.J. Rohlfing, A. Singh, A. Groß, B. Wrede, in: Social Explainable AI, Springer
Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2026.'
date_created: 2026-08-26T10:34:18Z
date_updated: 2026-08-26T10:34:27Z
department:
- _id: '749'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-5290-7_6
language:
- iso: eng
place: Singapore
publication: Social Explainable AI
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9789819652891'
- '9789819652907'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
status: public
title: Explanation Goals
type: book_chapter
user_id: '91018'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66855'
article_number: '106977'
author:
- first_name: Eugenia
full_name: Wildt, Eugenia
last_name: Wildt
- first_name: Amit
full_name: Singh, Amit
last_name: Singh
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
ama: Wildt E, Singh A, Rohlfing KJ. Infants’ individual sensitivity to saliency
shapes early word learning in social interaction. Acta Psychologica. 2026;266.
doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977
apa: Wildt, E., Singh, A., & Rohlfing, K. J. (2026). Infants’ individual sensitivity
to saliency shapes early word learning in social interaction. Acta Psychologica,
266, Article 106977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977
bibtex: '@article{Wildt_Singh_Rohlfing_2026, title={Infants’ individual sensitivity
to saliency shapes early word learning in social interaction}, volume={266}, DOI={10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977},
number={106977}, journal={Acta Psychologica}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wildt,
Eugenia and Singh, Amit and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}, year={2026} }'
chicago: Wildt, Eugenia, Amit Singh, and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Infants’ Individual
Sensitivity to Saliency Shapes Early Word Learning in Social Interaction.” Acta
Psychologica 266 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977.
ieee: 'E. Wildt, A. Singh, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Infants’ individual sensitivity
to saliency shapes early word learning in social interaction,” Acta Psychologica,
vol. 266, Art. no. 106977, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977.'
mla: Wildt, Eugenia, et al. “Infants’ Individual Sensitivity to Saliency Shapes
Early Word Learning in Social Interaction.” Acta Psychologica, vol. 266,
106977, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977.
short: E. Wildt, A. Singh, K.J. Rohlfing, Acta Psychologica 266 (2026).
date_created: 2026-08-26T10:32:13Z
date_updated: 2026-08-26T10:32:26Z
department:
- _id: '749'
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106977
intvolume: ' 266'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Acta Psychologica
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0001-6918
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Infants' individual sensitivity to saliency shapes early word learning in social
interaction
type: journal_article
user_id: '91018'
volume: 266
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61444'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Backchannels and fillers are important linguistic expressions in dialogue,
but often treated as "noise" to be bypassed in modern transformer-based language
models. Our work studies the representation of them in language models using three
fine-tuning strategies. The models are trained on three dialogue corpora in English
and Japanese, where backchannels and fillers are preserved and annotated, to investigate
how fine-tuning can help LMs learn their representations. We first apply clustering
analysis to the learnt representation of backchannels and fillers, and have found
increased silhouette scores in representations from fine-tuned models, which suggests
that fine-tuning enables LMs to distinguish the nuanced semantic variation in
different backchannel and filler use. We also use natural language generation
(NLG) metrics and qualitative analysis to confirm that the utterances generated
by fine-tuned language models resemble human-produced utterances more closely.
Our findings suggest the potentials of transforming general LMs into conversational
LMs that are more capable of producing human-like languages adequately.
author:
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Wang, Yu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Leyi
full_name: Lao, Leyi
last_name: Lao
- first_name: Langchu
full_name: Huang, Langchu
last_name: Huang
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Skantze, Gabriel
last_name: Skantze
- first_name: Yang
full_name: Xu, Yang
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
citation:
ama: 'Wang Y, Lao L, Huang L, Skantze G, Xu Y, Buschmeier H. Investigating the representation
of backchannels and fillers in fine-tuned language models. In: Proceedings
of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Association for Computational Linguistics; 2026:5319-5348. doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241'
apa: Wang, Y., Lao, L., Huang, L., Skantze, G., Xu, Y., & Buschmeier, H. (2026).
Investigating the representation of backchannels and fillers in fine-tuned language
models. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, 5319–5348. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Wang_Lao_Huang_Skantze_Xu_Buschmeier_2026, place={San Diego,
CA, USA}, title={Investigating the representation of backchannels and fillers
in fine-tuned language models}, DOI={10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics}, publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics}, author={Wang,
Yu and Lao, Leyi and Huang, Langchu and Skantze, Gabriel and Xu, Yang and Buschmeier,
Hendrik}, year={2026}, pages={5319–5348} }'
chicago: 'Wang, Yu, Leyi Lao, Langchu Huang, Gabriel Skantze, Yang Xu, and Hendrik
Buschmeier. “Investigating the Representation of Backchannels and Fillers in Fine-Tuned
Language Models.” In Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association
for Computational Linguistics, 5319–48. San Diego, CA, USA: Association for
Computational Linguistics, 2026. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241.'
ieee: 'Y. Wang, L. Lao, L. Huang, G. Skantze, Y. Xu, and H. Buschmeier, “Investigating
the representation of backchannels and fillers in fine-tuned language models,”
in Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, San Diego, CA, USA, 2026, pp. 5319–5348, doi: 10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241.'
mla: Wang, Yu, et al. “Investigating the Representation of Backchannels and Fillers
in Fine-Tuned Language Models.” Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the
Association for Computational Linguistics, Association for Computational Linguistics,
2026, pp. 5319–48, doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241.
short: 'Y. Wang, L. Lao, L. Huang, G. Skantze, Y. Xu, H. Buschmeier, in: Proceedings
of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Association
for Computational Linguistics, San Diego, CA, USA, 2026, pp. 5319–5348.'
conference:
end_date: 2026-07-07
location: San Diego, CA, USA
name: 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
start_date: 2026-07-02
date_created: 2025-09-25T19:00:23Z
date_updated: 2026-07-01T19:43:27Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.241
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.20237
oa: '1'
page: 5319-5348
place: San Diego, CA, USA
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Investigating the representation of backchannels and fillers in fine-tuned
language models
type: conference
user_id: '76456'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '65363'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Recent theoretical advancement of information density in natural language
has brought the following question on desk: To what degree does natural language
exhibit periodicity pattern in its encoded information? We address this question
by introducing a new method called AutoPeriod of Surprisal (APS). APS adopts a
canonical periodicity detection algorithm and is able to identify any significant
periods that exist in the surprisal sequence of a single document. By applying
the algorithm to a set of corpora, we have obtained the following interesting
results: Firstly, a considerable proportion of human language demonstrates a strong
pattern of periodicity in information; Secondly, new periods that are outside
the distributions of typical structural units in text (e.g., sentence boundaries,
elementary discourse units, etc.) are found and further confirmed via harmonic
regression modeling. We conclude that the periodicity of information in language
is a joint outcome from both structured factors and other driving factors that
take effect at longer distances. The advantages of our periodicity detection method
and its potentials in LLM-generation detection are further discussed.'
author:
- first_name: Yulin
full_name: Ou, Yulin
last_name: Ou
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Wang, Yu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Yang
full_name: Xu, Yang
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
citation:
ama: 'Ou Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Buschmeier H. Identifying the periodicity of information
in natural language. In: Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association
for Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics;
2026:1161-1175. doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52'
apa: Ou, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., & Buschmeier, H. (2026). Identifying the periodicity
of information in natural language. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 1161–1175. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Ou_Wang_Xu_Buschmeier_2026, place={San Diego, CA, USA},
title={Identifying the periodicity of information in natural language}, DOI={10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics}, publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics}, author={Ou,
Yulin and Wang, Yu and Xu, Yang and Buschmeier, Hendrik}, year={2026}, pages={1161–1175}
}'
chicago: 'Ou, Yulin, Yu Wang, Yang Xu, and Hendrik Buschmeier. “Identifying the
Periodicity of Information in Natural Language.” In Proceedings of the 64th
Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 1161–75.
San Diego, CA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2026. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52.'
ieee: 'Y. Ou, Y. Wang, Y. Xu, and H. Buschmeier, “Identifying the periodicity of
information in natural language,” in Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, San Diego, CA, USA, 2026,
pp. 1161–1175, doi: 10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52.'
mla: Ou, Yulin, et al. “Identifying the Periodicity of Information in Natural Language.”
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, Association for Computational Linguistics, 2026, pp. 1161–75,
doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52.
short: 'Y. Ou, Y. Wang, Y. Xu, H. Buschmeier, in: Proceedings of the 64th Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Association for Computational
Linguistics, San Diego, CA, USA, 2026, pp. 1161–1175.'
conference:
end_date: 2026-07-07
location: San Diego, CA, USA
name: 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
start_date: 2026-07-02
date_created: 2026-04-07T09:52:23Z
date_updated: 2026-07-01T19:43:56Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.52
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1161-1175
place: San Diego, CA, USA
project:
- _id: '2752'
name: 'TRR 318-2 - Project B07: Communicative practices of requesting information
and explanation from LLM-based agents'
publication: Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Identifying the periodicity of information in natural language
type: conference
user_id: '76456'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66106'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Multimodal backchannels are fundamental to conversational grounding and understanding.
However, backchannels do not always transparently reflect the interlocutor's actual
cognitive state. “Incongruent backchannels”, where the observable feedback implies
understanding although there is no genuine understanding, are a potential source
of ambiguity in any interaction. Using acoustic, head movement, and discourse-related
data from 45 naturalistic dyadic interactions, we investigate whether incongruent
and congruent backchannels show systematically different properties using a classification
task. Results show that these backchannels are indeed separable based on multimodal
features. Incongruent backchannels are typically characterised by more neutral
head movement configurations and lower acoustic dynamism, while discursive cues
strongly influence the classification. Overall, the findings suggest a relatively
reduced effort in the signalling of incongruent backchannels.
author:
- first_name: Olcay
full_name: Türk, Olcay
last_name: Türk
- first_name: Stefan Teodorov
full_name: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov
id: '90345'
last_name: Lazarov
orcid: 0009-0009-0892-9483
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Wang, Yu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
- first_name: Petra
full_name: Wagner, Petra
id: '74505'
last_name: Wagner
citation:
ama: 'Türk O, Lazarov ST, Wang Y, Grimminger A, Buschmeier H, Wagner P. When “yeah”
means “not quite”: Multimodal detection of backchannels expressing incomplete
understanding. In: Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2026.'
apa: 'Türk, O., Lazarov, S. T., Wang, Y., Grimminger, A., Buschmeier, H., &
Wagner, P. (n.d.). When “yeah” means “not quite”: Multimodal detection of backchannels
expressing incomplete understanding. Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2026. INTERSPEECH
2026, Sydney, Australia.'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Türk_Lazarov_Wang_Grimminger_Buschmeier_Wagner, place={Sydney,
Australia}, title={When “yeah” means “not quite”: Multimodal detection of backchannels
expressing incomplete understanding}, booktitle={Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2026},
author={Türk, Olcay and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Wang, Yu and Grimminger,
Angela and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Wagner, Petra} }'
chicago: 'Türk, Olcay, Stefan Teodorov Lazarov, Yu Wang, Angela Grimminger, Hendrik
Buschmeier, and Petra Wagner. “When ‘Yeah’ Means ‘Not Quite’: Multimodal Detection
of Backchannels Expressing Incomplete Understanding.” In Proceedings of INTERSPEECH
2026. Sydney, Australia, n.d.'
ieee: 'O. Türk, S. T. Lazarov, Y. Wang, A. Grimminger, H. Buschmeier, and P. Wagner,
“When ‘yeah’ means ‘not quite’: Multimodal detection of backchannels expressing
incomplete understanding,” presented at the INTERSPEECH 2026, Sydney, Australia.'
mla: 'Türk, Olcay, et al. “When ‘Yeah’ Means ‘Not Quite’: Multimodal Detection of
Backchannels Expressing Incomplete Understanding.” Proceedings of INTERSPEECH
2026.'
short: 'O. Türk, S.T. Lazarov, Y. Wang, A. Grimminger, H. Buschmeier, P. Wagner,
in: Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2026, Sydney, Australia, n.d.'
conference:
end_date: 2026-10-01
location: Sydney, Australia
name: INTERSPEECH 2026
start_date: 2026-09-27
date_created: 2026-07-01T19:44:35Z
date_updated: 2026-07-01T19:48:21Z
department:
- _id: '660'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Sydney, Australia
project:
- _id: '112'
name: 'TRR 318 - Projekt A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2026
publication_status: accepted
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'When “yeah” means “not quite”: Multimodal detection of backchannels expressing
incomplete understanding'
type: conference
user_id: '76456'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66885'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We revisit the under-explored phenomenon of syntactic complexity convergence
in dialogue. Extending prior topic-level analyses to full conversations, we examine
five human-human datasets and a set of human-LLM dialogues. We integrate and evaluate
a multidimensional set of syntactic complexity metrics to quantify structural
variation in dialogue. Our analyses reveal robust syntactic complexity convergence
across human-human datasets, especially in task-oriented interactions, and statistical
tests confirm that these effects are not due to chance. In contrast, human-LLM
dialogues show no significant convergence under individual metrics; however, linear-CKA
uncovers a distinct cross-metric convergence pattern. Motivated by these differences,
we use syntactic complexity as a feature for detecting LLM-involved dialogue,
achieving 96\% accuracy. Our classification results demonstrate its potential
without relying on likelihood-based signals such as surprisal, which require a
language model as the estimator.
author:
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Wang, Yu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Yanran
full_name: Chen, Yanran
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Yifan
full_name: Wang, Yifan
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Steffen
full_name: Eger, Steffen
last_name: Eger
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
id: '76456'
last_name: Buschmeier
orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
citation:
ama: 'Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Eger S, Buschmeier H. Syntactic complexity convergence
in dialogue: Analysis of the phenomenon and application to LLM detection. In:
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language
Processing. ACL.'
apa: 'Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Eger, S., & Buschmeier, H. (n.d.). Syntactic
complexity convergence in dialogue: Analysis of the phenomenon and application
to LLM detection. Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in
Natural Language Processing. 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
Language Processing, Budapest, Hungary.'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Wang_Chen_Wang_Eger_Buschmeier, place={Budapest, Hungary},
title={Syntactic complexity convergence in dialogue: Analysis of the phenomenon
and application to LLM detection}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2026 Conference
on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing}, publisher={ACL}, author={Wang,
Yu and Chen, Yanran and Wang, Yifan and Eger, Steffen and Buschmeier, Hendrik}
}'
chicago: 'Wang, Yu, Yanran Chen, Yifan Wang, Steffen Eger, and Hendrik Buschmeier.
“Syntactic Complexity Convergence in Dialogue: Analysis of the Phenomenon and
Application to LLM Detection.” In Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical
Methods in Natural Language Processing. Budapest, Hungary: ACL, n.d.'
ieee: 'Y. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, S. Eger, and H. Buschmeier, “Syntactic complexity
convergence in dialogue: Analysis of the phenomenon and application to LLM detection,”
presented at the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,
Budapest, Hungary.'
mla: 'Wang, Yu, et al. “Syntactic Complexity Convergence in Dialogue: Analysis of
the Phenomenon and Application to LLM Detection.” Proceedings of the 2026 Conference
on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, ACL.'
short: 'Y. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, S. Eger, H. Buschmeier, in: Proceedings of the
2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, ACL, Budapest,
Hungary, n.d.'
conference:
end_date: 2026-10-29
location: Budapest, Hungary
name: 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
start_date: 2026-10-24
date_created: 2026-08-31T17:27:49Z
date_updated: 2026-08-31T17:33:32Z
department:
- _id: '660'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Budapest, Hungary
project:
- _id: '2752'
name: 'TRR 318-2 - Project B07: Communicative practices of requesting information
and explanation from LLM-based agents'
- _id: '2736'
name: 'TRR 318-2 - Project A02: Monitoring the understanding of explanations'
publication: Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language
Processing
publication_status: accepted
publisher: ACL
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Syntactic complexity convergence in dialogue: Analysis of the phenomenon and
application to LLM detection'
type: conference
user_id: '76456'
year: '2026'
...