@article{53085,
author = {{Gaiser, Nina and Bierkandt, Thomas and Oßwald, Patrick and Zinsmeister, Julia and Kathrotia, Trupti and Shaqiri, Shkelqim and Hemberger, Patrick and Kasper, Tina and Aigner, Manfred and Köhler, Markus}},
issn = {{0016-2361}},
journal = {{Fuel}},
keywords = {{Organic Chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fuel Technology, General Chemical Engineering}},
publisher = {{Elsevier BV}},
title = {{{Oxidation of oxymethylene ether (OME0−5): An experimental systematic study by mass spectrometry and photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122650}},
volume = {{313}},
year = {{2021}},
}
@article{53087,
author = {{Hemberger, Patrick and Bodi, Andras and Bierkandt, Thomas and Köhler, Markus and Kaczmarek, Dennis and Kasper, Tina}},
issn = {{0887-0624}},
journal = {{Energy & Fuels}},
keywords = {{Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fuel Technology, General Chemical Engineering}},
number = {{20}},
pages = {{16265--16302}},
publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
title = {{{Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Provides Mechanistic Insights in Fuel Synthesis and Conversion}}},
doi = {{10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01712}},
volume = {{35}},
year = {{2021}},
}
@article{20921,
abstract = {{The increase of the thermal conductivity of PUR foam in the insulation of the cabinet is an important cause for aging processes of household refrigerating appliances. To determine the influence of the PUR foam aging on energy consumption, the development of a new measurement method is necessary be- cause current methods influence the aging behavior of household refrigerators and are therefore not applicable in general. Based on a latent heat sink, constructed as an ice water bucket, a new measure- ment method is developed to determine the k ·A value over time. With this method, the k ·A value of four household refrigerating appliances was determined over an interval of 14 months. The k ·A value increased between 3.6% and 11.5% during this period.}},
author = {{Paul, Andreas and Baumhögger, Elmar and Elsner, Andreas and Moczarski, Lukas and Reineke, Michael and Sonnenrein, Gerrit and Hueppe, Christian and Stamminger, Rainer and Hoelscher, Heike and Wagner, Hendrik and Gries, Ulrich and Freiberger, Alfred and Becker, Wolfgang and Vrabec, Jadran}},
issn = {{0140-7007}},
journal = {{International Journal of Refrigeration}},
pages = {{235--242}},
title = {{{Determining the heat flow through the cabinet walls of household refrigerating appliances}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.10.007}},
year = {{2021}},
}
@article{27290,
abstract = {{Domestic refrigeration appliances are standard household commodities. Although policies, such as the energy labelling, prompted technical improvements and decreased appliance energy consumption throughout recent decades, important parameters were disregarded. These refer to the efficiency loss over time and the consumer behaviour. The objective of this contribution was to develop a dynamic energy model to determine the power consumption of refrigeration appliances considering degradation factors and behaviour. These were included by model parameters for direct consumer interactions, such as the storage behaviour, door openings and temperature setting, as well as indirect actions, e.g. exposing an appliance to specific temperature conditions at an installation site. For this, an online-survey was conducted to evaluate the consumer behaviour. A total of 706 consumers participated in the national questionnaire, serving as input for the dynamic energy model. It was found that the efficiency loss increases the power consumption by at least 1% annually, leading to an excess of 10% after 10 years of usage. Another important finding was that 32.5% of appliance’s power consumption results from consumer behaviour, whereas the promotion of behavioural changes leads to a significant decrease of the consumer-induced consumption. Consequently, this study provides a tool to evaluate the impact of policies targeting refrigeration appliances, stressing that efficiency loss and behaviour should be integrated into future policy approaches.}},
author = {{Hueppe, Christian and Geppert, Jasmin and Moenninghoff-Juessen, Julia and Wolff, Lena and Stamminger, Rainer and Paul, Andreas and Elsner, Andreas and Vrabec, Jadran and Wagner, Hendrik and Hoelscher, Heike and Becker, Wolfgang and Gries, Ulrich and Freiberger, Alfred}},
issn = {{0301-4215}},
journal = {{Energy Policy}},
title = {{{Investigating the real life energy consumption of refrigeration appliances in Germany: Are present policies sufficient?}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112275}},
year = {{2021}},
}
@article{32490,
author = {{Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina}},
issn = {{0888-5885}},
journal = {{Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research}},
keywords = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry}},
number = {{18}},
pages = {{8551--8561}},
publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
title = {{{Decomposition Reactions of Fe(CO)5, Fe(C5H5)2, and TTIP as Precursors for the Spray-Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Partial Spray Evaporation at Low Temperatures}}},
doi = {{10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06667}},
volume = {{59}},
year = {{2020}},
}
@article{21514,
abstract = {{The influence of latent heat storage elements on the cooling performance and the temperature rise time of household refrigerating appliances is studied experimentally in the context of the “new global refriger- ator standard”IEC 62552:2015. In addition to the daily energy consumption, this international standard- ization introduced performance tests for cooling capacity and temperature rise time. While the cooling capacity has long been anchored in various test procedures of consumer organizations, the temperature rise time, which has only been tested on freezers so far, will be a decisive factor in the future. Moreover, the need for so-called "smart appliances" that may balance power consumption is increasing since such devices may compensate the volatility of renewable energies and thus stabilize the power grid. Against this background, eight commercial household refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers are equipped with polymer-bound phase change materials (PCM) and their performance is determined under the new stan- dard test conditions. The results show that the introduction of PCM increases the cooling capacity by up to 33 % and also increases the temperature rise time by up to 145 %, without affecting power consump- tion, as compared to the unmodified refrigeration appliances.}},
author = {{Sonnenrein, Gerrit and Baumhögger, Elmar and Elsner, Andreas and Morbach, A. and Neukötter, Moritz and Paul, Andreas and Vrabec, J.}},
issn = {{0140-7007}},
journal = {{International Journal of Refrigeration}},
pages = {{448--456}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
title = {{{Improving the performance of household refrigerating appliances through the integration of phase change materials in the context of the new global refrigerator standard IEC 62552:2015}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.07.025}},
volume = {{119}},
year = {{2020}},
}
@article{21512,
abstract = {{Despite the omnipresence of household refrigeration appliances, there is still a lack of knowledge about their agerelated efficiency loss over time. Past studies provide basic evidence for increasing electricity consumption of cooling appliances with ageing but fail to investigate the associated technical wear. Concentrating on the degradation of the thermal insulation, we first determined the ageing process of sealed samples of polyurethane rigid foam by investigating changes in cell gas composition and thermal conductivity over time. Simultaneously, the main challenge was to develop an approach that investigates the age-related efficiency loss of the insulation without its destruction. This testing procedure is referred to as the Bonn method. The non-destructive Bonn method was applied to varying refrigerator models in a series of successive experiments to evaluate the insulation degradation over time. Subsequently, the physical relationship between the test value of the Bonn method and the heat transfer through the multi-layered compartment walls of domestic refrigeration appliances was established, ultimately characterising the degrading insulation in terms of increasing heat transfer. Our results give substantiated evidence that the efficiency loss of cooling appliances is greatly influenced by insulation degradation over time. The ageing of sealed samples of polyurethane rigid foam indicates a large initial increase of thermal conductivity by 15% within the first year, corresponding to a change in cell gas composition. These results are in line with those of the Bonn method, emphasising an increasing heat flow through the multi-layered compartment walls of domestic refrigerators with ageing. Therewith, the present study is of significance to a wide range of stakeholders and forms the basis for future research.}},
author = {{Hueppe, Christian and Geppert, Jasmin and Stamminger, Rainer and Wagner, Hendrik and Hoelscher, Heike and Vrabec, Jadran and Paul, Andreas and Elsner, Andreas and Becker, Wolfgang and Gries, Ulrich and Freiberger, Alfred}},
issn = {{1359-4311}},
journal = {{Applied Thermal Engineering}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
title = {{{Age-related efficiency loss of household refrigeration appliances: Development of an approach to measure the degradation of insulation properties}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115113}},
volume = {{173}},
year = {{2020}},
}
@article{32486,
abstract = {{Understanding the chemistry of precursor solutions for spray-flame synthesis is a key step to developing inexpensive and large scale applications for tailored nanoparticles.
}},
author = {{Stodt, Malte F. B. and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina and Fritsching, Udo and Kiefer, Johannes}},
issn = {{1463-9076}},
journal = {{Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}},
keywords = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy}},
number = {{44}},
pages = {{24793--24801}},
publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}},
title = {{{Chemistry of iron nitrate-based precursor solutions for spray-flame synthesis}}},
doi = {{10.1039/c9cp05007h}},
volume = {{21}},
year = {{2019}},
}
@article{21519,
author = {{Grabo, Matti and Weber, Daniel and Paul, Andreas and Klaus, Tobias and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Krauter, Stefan and Kenig, Eugeny}},
isbn = {{978-88-95608-73-0}},
journal = {{CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS}},
pages = {{895--900}},
publisher = {{AIDIC The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering}},
title = {{{Numerical Investigation of the Temperature Distribution in PCM-integrated Solar Modules}}},
doi = {{10.3303/CET1976150}},
volume = {{76}},
year = {{2019}},
}
@inproceedings{21521,
author = {{Grabo, Matti and Weber, Daniel and Paul, Andreas and Klaus, Tobias and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Kenig, Eugeny}},
location = {{Frankfurt am Main}},
title = {{{Numerische Untersuchung der Temperaturverteilung in PCM-integrierten Solarmodulen}}},
year = {{2019}},
}
@inproceedings{21520,
author = {{Grabo, Matti and Weber, Daniel and Paul, Andreas and Klaus, Tobias and Bermpohl, Wolfgang and Krauter, Stefan and Kenig, Eugeny}},
location = {{Nordhausen}},
title = {{{Entwicklung eines thermischen 1D-Simulationsmodells zur Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung in Solarmodulen}}},
year = {{2019}},
}
@inproceedings{21518,
abstract = {{Wie jedes technische System unterliegen auch Haushaltskältegeräte einer alterungsbedingten Degeneration, die zu einem Anstieg der Energieaufnahme über die Lebensdauer dieser Geräte führt. Ursache hierfür sind verschiedene Effekte, die in dem vom BMWi geförderten Projekt ALGE untersucht werden. Aus den so gewonnenen Erkenntnissen sollen dann degenerationsbeständigere Haushaltskältegeräte entwickelt werden. Eine wichtige Alterungsursache ist der Anstieg der Wärmeleitfähigkeit des PUR-Schaums der Gehäuseisolierung. Zur Bestimmung dieses Einflusses auf die Energieaufnahme ist die Entwicklung neuer Messmethoden notwendig, die zerstörungsfrei sein und den realen Anwendungsbedingungen möglichst nahekommen sollen. Dazu wurde eine Wärmesenke entwickelt, die den Geräteinnenraum unabhängig vom Kältekreislauf abkühlt. Die Wärmesenke ist als Eiswasserbehälter ausgeführt, sodass die Schmelzenthalpie des Eises die durch die Isolierung in den Geräteinnenraum einfallende Wärme aufnimmt. Durch die Bestimmung der Abtauzeit einer bestimmten Eismenge kann so der alterungsbeeinflusste 𝑘∙𝐴-Wert des Gehäuses von Haushaltskältegeräten bestimmt werden.}},
author = {{Paul, Andreas and Moczarski, Lukas and Gieselmann, Mirko and Reineke, Michael and Elsner, Andreas and Baumhögger, Elmar and Sonnenrein, Gerrit and Vrabec, Jadran}},
isbn = {{978-3-932715-52-5}},
location = {{Ulm}},
publisher = {{Deutscher Kälte- und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. }},
title = {{{Bestimmung von Wärmeverlusten in Haushaltskältegeräten}}},
year = {{2019}},
}
@article{32485,
abstract = {{Using the methods of differential mass-spectrometric thermal analysis (DMSTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), and fast pyrolysis (FP), thermal decomposition of high-molecular-weight polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated in the temperature range of 315 + 500 degrees C. Based on these data, the kinetic parameters (the activation energy, the pre-exponential factor) were obtained of a one-step pyrolysis reaction in supposition of a first-order reaction using simple mathematical fitting and an iso-conversion method. Validity of the obtained kinetic parameters was verified by comparing the experimental data on dependence of the decomposition rate on temperature in the broad range of the heating rates with the results of simulating the above dependence, using these kinetic parameters. These parameters, obtained in the broad temperature range, may be further used in numerical simulation of PMMA combustion under fire conditions and for assessing the polymer's flammability.}},
author = {{Korobeinichev, Oleg P. and Paletsky, Alexey А. and Gonchikzhapov, Maksim B. and Glaznev, Roman K. and Gerasimov, Ivan E. and Naganovsky, Yuri K. and Shundrina, Irina K. and Snegirev, Alexey Y. and Vinu, R.}},
issn = {{0040-6031}},
journal = {{Thermochimica Acta}},
keywords = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation}},
pages = {{17--25}},
publisher = {{Elsevier BV}},
title = {{{Kinetics of thermal decomposition of PMMA at different heating rates and in a wide temperature range}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.tca.2018.10.019}},
volume = {{671}},
year = {{2018}},
}
@article{21516,
abstract = {{This study presents the results of an experimental investigation of the influence of latent
thermal heat storage elements on the power consumption as well as the temperature distribution
of commercial household refrigerators.Two evaporator types and a standard wireand-
tube condenser are equipped with copolymer-bound phase change materials (PCM) and
the performance is determined under standard conditions. The results show that refrigerating
appliances equipped with PCM can be optimized through modifications of the control
strategy to achieve different targets: (a) Power consumption can be significantly reduced
by increasing the evaporator and decreasing the condenser temperature. (b) Temperature
fluctuations in the refrigerator’s fresh-food compartment during the cooling cycle can be
reduced from 4 °C to 0.5 °C. (c) The cooling cycle duration can be tripled without compromising
the fresh-food compartment conditions. The latter may help to meet the growing
demand for balancing power consumption to stabilize the power grid, e.g. if the share of
highly fluctuating, sustainable energy supply is large.}},
author = {{Sonnenrein, Gerrit and Baumhögger, Elmar and Elsner, Andreas and Fieback, K. and Morbach, A. and Paul, Andreas and Vrabec, J.}},
issn = {{0140-7007}},
journal = {{International Journal of Refrigeration}},
pages = {{166--173}},
title = {{{Copolymer-bound phase change materials for household refrigerating appliances: experimental investigation of power consumption, temperature distribution and demand side management potential}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.06.030}},
volume = {{60}},
year = {{2015}},
}
@inproceedings{21517,
author = {{Elsner, Andreas and Müller, Michael and Paul, Andreas and Vrabec, Jadran}},
location = {{Hannover}},
publisher = {{Deutscher Kälte- und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. }},
title = {{{Zunahme des Stromverbrauchs von Haushaltskältegeräten durch Alterung}}},
year = {{2013}},
}