[{"citation":{"apa":"Schumacher, D., Guevara-Carrion, G., Kasper, T., Paul, A., Elsner, A., Peters, B., Wollny, W., Bluemel, M., Hoelscher, H., Brzoska-Steinhaus, N., Heil, K., Schleelein, L., Becker, W., Gries, U., &#38; Vrabec, J. (2026). Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity. <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, <i>289</i>, Article 129850. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>","mla":"Schumacher, Daniel, et al. “Aging of Polyurethane Foam: Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Cell Gas Composition and Thermal Conductivity.” <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 289, 129850, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>.","ieee":"D. Schumacher <i>et al.</i>, “Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity,” <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 289, Art. no. 129850, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>.","chicago":"Schumacher, Daniel, Gabriela Guevara-Carrion, Tina Kasper, Andreas Paul, Andreas Elsner, Bettina Peters, Wenke Wollny, et al. “Aging of Polyurethane Foam: Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Cell Gas Composition and Thermal Conductivity.” <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i> 289 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>.","ama":"Schumacher D, Guevara-Carrion G, Kasper T, et al. Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity. <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>. 2026;289. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>","short":"D. Schumacher, G. Guevara-Carrion, T. Kasper, A. Paul, A. Elsner, B. Peters, W. Wollny, M. Bluemel, H. Hoelscher, N. Brzoska-Steinhaus, K. Heil, L. Schleelein, W. Becker, U. Gries, J. Vrabec, Applied Thermal Engineering 289 (2026).","bibtex":"@article{Schumacher_Guevara-Carrion_Kasper_Paul_Elsner_Peters_Wollny_Bluemel_Hoelscher_Brzoska-Steinhaus_et al._2026, title={Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity}, volume={289}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>}, number={129850}, journal={Applied Thermal Engineering}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Schumacher, Daniel and Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela and Kasper, Tina and Paul, Andreas and Elsner, Andreas and Peters, Bettina and Wollny, Wenke and Bluemel, Marcus and Hoelscher, Heike and Brzoska-Steinhaus, Nicola and et al.}, year={2026} }"},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","_id":"63720","publisher":"Elsevier BV","volume":289,"user_id":"7828","publication":"Applied Thermal Engineering","abstract":[{"text":"The aging behavior of closed-cell polyurethane (PUR) foam, a material widely used in household refrigeration, is studied by examining the variation of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity over time. Aging is primarily driven by gas permeation, wherein the initially present cell gases carbon dioxide and cyclopentane are progressively replaced by nitrogen and oxygen from the ambient, resulting in an increased thermal conductivity and reduced insulation performance. The cell gas composition is measured over 1400 days employing gas chromatography, and the thermal conductivity of the foam is measured over 190 days. Morphological foam characteristics, such as average cell diameter, are determined via scanning electron microscopy and barrier measurements are performed to estimate the effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen. To simulate the aging process, one-dimensional and three-dimensional models are developed for both diffusive mass transfer as well as heat transfer. The present model for the thermal conductivity explicitly accounts for condensation effects, i.e. partial condensation of cyclopentane and carbon dioxide occurring at around 12°C, which significantly influences the insulation behavior of the foam. Sensitivity analyses indicate that an initial cell gas pressure of approximately 0.7 bar yields results that closely coincide with the experimental measurements, where the three-dimensional model demonstrates better accuracy. These measurements and simulations provide valuable insights for evaluating and predicting the long-term degradation of the insulation performance of PUR foams.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-01-23T12:48:07Z","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"keyword":["Polyurethane","Foam","Gas permeation","Diffusion models","Thermal conductivity","Condensation","Gas chromatography","Scanning electron microscopy"],"type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Schumacher, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Schumacher"},{"first_name":"Gabriela","last_name":"Guevara-Carrion","full_name":"Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela"},{"id":"94562","last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"},{"id":"7828","full_name":"Paul, Andreas","last_name":"Paul","first_name":"Andreas"},{"id":"16124","full_name":"Elsner, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Elsner"},{"first_name":"Bettina","last_name":"Peters","full_name":"Peters, Bettina","id":"62920"},{"full_name":"Wollny, Wenke","last_name":"Wollny","first_name":"Wenke"},{"full_name":"Bluemel, Marcus","last_name":"Bluemel","first_name":"Marcus"},{"full_name":"Hoelscher, Heike","first_name":"Heike","last_name":"Hoelscher"},{"last_name":"Brzoska-Steinhaus","first_name":"Nicola","full_name":"Brzoska-Steinhaus, Nicola"},{"last_name":"Heil","first_name":"Klaus","full_name":"Heil, Klaus"},{"last_name":"Schleelein","first_name":"Lukas","full_name":"Schleelein, Lukas"},{"full_name":"Becker, Wolfgang","last_name":"Becker","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"full_name":"Gries, Ulrich","first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Gries"},{"full_name":"Vrabec, Jadran","first_name":"Jadran","last_name":"Vrabec"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1359-4311"]},"title":"Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity","year":"2026","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       289","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-01-23T12:53:26Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"129850","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850"},{"oa":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Fiedler, F., Elmar Baumhögger, Simon Kruse, E. W. Lemmon, Tina Kasper, and M. Thol. “Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane.” <i>International Journal of Thermophysics</i> 47, no. 7 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2</a>.","short":"F. Fiedler, E. Baumhögger, S. Kruse, E.W. Lemmon, T. Kasper, M. Thol, International Journal of Thermophysics 47 (2026).","ieee":"F. Fiedler, E. Baumhögger, S. Kruse, E. W. Lemmon, T. Kasper, and M. Thol, “Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane,” <i>International Journal of Thermophysics</i>, vol. 47, no. 7, Art. no. 117, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2\">10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2</a>.","apa":"Fiedler, F., Baumhögger, E., Kruse, S., Lemmon, E. W., Kasper, T., &#38; Thol, M. (2026). Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane. <i>International Journal of Thermophysics</i>, <i>47</i>(7), Article 117. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2</a>","bibtex":"@article{Fiedler_Baumhögger_Kruse_Lemmon_Kasper_Thol_2026, title={Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane}, volume={47}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2\">10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2</a>}, number={7117}, journal={International Journal of Thermophysics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Fiedler, F. and Baumhögger, Elmar and Kruse, Simon and Lemmon, E. W. and Kasper, Tina and Thol, M.}, year={2026} }","ama":"Fiedler F, Baumhögger E, Kruse S, Lemmon EW, Kasper T, Thol M. Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane. <i>International Journal of Thermophysics</i>. 2026;47(7). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2\">10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2</a>","mla":"Fiedler, F., et al. “Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane.” <i>International Journal of Thermophysics</i>, vol. 47, no. 7, 117, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2\">10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"65922","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","user_id":"15164","volume":47,"status":"public","date_created":"2026-06-17T14:35:12Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"publication":"International Journal of Thermophysics","issue":"7","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>A fundamental equation of state for tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) is developed based on the available experimental data. In addition, new density and speed of sound measurements were performed specifically for this work to improve the database. Owing to the limited overall data set, additional thermodynamic properties were analyzed to support the fitting procedure and ensure physically consistent behavior. Modified representations of thermodynamic properties that are typically employed in the fitting procedure were introduced to facilitate the application of constraints. The resulting model provides a consistent description of the thermodynamic properties of TMOS.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"117","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03770-2","title":"Thermodynamic Properties of Tetramethoxysilane","year":"2026","author":[{"last_name":"Fiedler","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Fiedler, F."},{"last_name":"Baumhögger","first_name":"Elmar","full_name":"Baumhögger, Elmar","id":"15164"},{"id":"65653","full_name":"Kruse, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Kruse"},{"last_name":"Lemmon","first_name":"E. W.","full_name":"Lemmon, E. W."},{"full_name":"Kasper, Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","id":"94562"},{"full_name":"Thol, M.","last_name":"Thol","first_name":"M."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0195-928X","1572-9567"]},"date_updated":"2026-06-18T12:44:51Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        47","article_type":"original"},{"date_updated":"2025-02-04T06:56:20Z","conference":{"end_date":"2024-11-22","start_date":"2024-11-20","name":"Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden","location":"Dresden"},"corporate_editor":["Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V."],"author":[{"full_name":"Potthast, Emily","last_name":"Potthast","first_name":"Emily"},{"full_name":"Elsner, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Elsner","id":"16124"},{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Paul","full_name":"Paul, Andreas","id":"7828"},{"last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","full_name":"Kasper, Tina","id":"94562"}],"title":"Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele","year":"2025","status":"public","user_id":"7828","publisher":"Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.","_id":"57899","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"ger","text":"In Haushaltskältegeräten werden in den letzten Jahren immer häufiger Vakuumisolationspaneele (VIP) eingesetzt. Hiermit ist es unter anderem möglich, dass die Geräte in die Energieeffizienzklassen A bis C klassifiziert werden können. Ein VIP besteht vereinfacht aus einer Schutzfolie, die nahezu gasdicht ist und einem Füllmaterial, welches für die Formstabilität im Vakuum zuständig ist. Aufgrund von technischen Alterungsprozessen kommt es mit der Zeit zu einem Anstieg des Innendrucks im VIP, wodurch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des VIP steigt. Je nach Füllmaterial erfolgt dieser Alterungsprozess unterschiedlich schnell. Im Extremfall kann so ein neues Haushalts-kältegerät der Energieeffizienzklasse A nach 1 bis 3 Jahren nur noch als Klasse D bis F eingestuft werden.\r\nInnerhalb eines Forschungsprojekts wurden Haushaltskältegeräte mit VIP thermografisch untersucht. Im Rahmen dieser Studienarbeit wurde ein Versuchsaufbau entwickelt, mit dem die zeitliche Veränderung von Wärmebrücken begutachtet werden kann und so Rückschlüsse auf den Effizienzverlust der Geräte möglich sind. Der Funkionsnachweises dieses Versuchsaufbaus wurden an einem Haushaltskältegerät mit künstlich gealterten Vakuumisolationspaneelen durchgeführt. Diese Arbeiten bieten zukünftig die Möglichkeiten Haushaltskältegeräten mit VIP bezüglich ihres Degenerationsverhaltens besser zu beurteilen.\r\n"}],"citation":{"apa":"Potthast, E., Elsner, A., Paul, A., &#38; Kasper, T. (2025). Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele. In Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. (Ed.), <i>Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden</i>. Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.","mla":"Potthast, Emily, et al. “Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele.” <i>Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden</i>, edited by Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., 2025.","ieee":"E. Potthast, A. Elsner, A. Paul, and T. Kasper, “Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele,” in <i>Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden</i>, Dresden, 2025.","ama":"Potthast E, Elsner A, Paul A, Kasper T. Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele. In: Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., ed. <i>Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden</i>. Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.; 2025.","short":"E. Potthast, A. Elsner, A. Paul, T. Kasper, in: Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. (Ed.), Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden, Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., Hannover, 2025.","chicago":"Potthast, Emily, Andreas Elsner, Andreas Paul, and Tina Kasper. “Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele.” In <i>Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden</i>, edited by Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. Hannover: Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., 2025.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Potthast_Elsner_Paul_Kasper_2025, place={Hannover}, title={Thermografische Messungen an Haushaltskältegeräten mit Vakuumisolationspaneele}, booktitle={Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden}, publisher={Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.}, author={Potthast, Emily and Elsner, Andreas and Paul, Andreas and Kasper, Tina}, editor={Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.}, year={2025} }"},"publication":"Deutsche Kälte- und Klimatagung 2024 Dresden","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"keyword":["Haushaltskältegeräte","Energieaufnahme","Alterung","Isolierung","Vakuumisolationspaneele"],"type":"conference","place":"Hannover","date_created":"2025-01-02T11:44:59Z"},{"publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","citation":{"ama":"Arns R, McClish R, Hemberger P, et al. Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles? <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>","bibtex":"@article{Arns_McClish_Hemberger_Bodi_Bouwman_Kasper_Schleier_2025, title={Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>}, journal={Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Arns, Rahel and McClish, Rory and Hemberger, Patrick and Bodi, Andras and Bouwman, Jordy and Kasper, Tina and Schleier, Domenik}, year={2025} }","mla":"Arns, Rahel, et al. “Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>.","short":"R. Arns, R. McClish, P. Hemberger, A. Bodi, J. Bouwman, T. Kasper, D. Schleier, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2025).","chicago":"Arns, Rahel, Rory McClish, Patrick Hemberger, Andras Bodi, Jordy Bouwman, Tina Kasper, and Domenik Schleier. “Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940</a>.","apa":"Arns, R., McClish, R., Hemberger, P., Bodi, A., Bouwman, J., Kasper, T., &#38; Schleier, D. (2025). Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles? <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940</a>","ieee":"R. Arns <i>et al.</i>, “Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The incorporation of heteroatoms into the framework of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular of nitrogen to yield polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs), has been proposed for both astronomical and combustion environments, but no suitable precursors and pathways have been found. Analogous pathways to PAH formation are kinetically or energetically inhibited in the presence of a nitrogen heteroatom. We report on the reaction of phenylnitrene (<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>PhN, <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>‐C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>N) with resonance‐stabilized propargyl radicals (C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) and find that the association reaction bifurcates depending on the orientation of the attacking propargyl radical and yields multiple isomeric products. Among them, we identify the condensed‐ring quinoline and conclude that nitrenes are viable candidates to drive the formation of PANHs.</jats:p>"}],"date_created":"2025-07-08T10:27:46Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"year":"2025","status":"public","title":"Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Arns, Rahel","first_name":"Rahel","last_name":"Arns"},{"full_name":"McClish, Rory","first_name":"Rory","last_name":"McClish"},{"full_name":"Hemberger, Patrick","last_name":"Hemberger","first_name":"Patrick"},{"first_name":"Andras","last_name":"Bodi","full_name":"Bodi, Andras"},{"full_name":"Bouwman, Jordy","last_name":"Bouwman","first_name":"Jordy"},{"full_name":"Kasper, Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","first_name":"Tina","last_name":"Kasper","id":"94562"},{"last_name":"Schleier","first_name":"Domenik","full_name":"Schleier, Domenik","id":"98339"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-07-08T10:39:30Z","article_type":"original","_id":"60552","publisher":"Wiley","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"94562","doi":"10.1002/anie.202503940"},{"department":[{"_id":"728"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-07-08T10:27:37Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The incorporation of heteroatoms into the framework of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular of nitrogen to yield polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs), has been proposed for both astronomical and combustion environments, but no suitable precursors and pathways have been found. Analogous pathways to PAH formation are kinetically or energetically inhibited in the presence of a nitrogen heteroatom. We report on the reaction of phenylnitrene (<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>PhN, <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>‐C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>N) with resonance‐stabilized propargyl radicals (C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) and find that the association reaction bifurcates depending on the orientation of the attacking propargyl radical and yields multiple isomeric products. Among them, we identify the condensed‐ring quinoline and conclude that nitrenes are viable candidates to drive the formation of PANHs.</jats:p>"}],"citation":{"ama":"Arns R, McClish R, Hemberger P, et al. Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles? <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>","bibtex":"@article{Arns_McClish_Hemberger_Bodi_Bouwman_Kasper_Schleier_2025, title={Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>}, journal={Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Arns, Rahel and McClish, Rory and Hemberger, Patrick and Bodi, Andras and Bouwman, Jordy and Kasper, Tina and Schleier, Domenik}, year={2025} }","mla":"Arns, Rahel, et al. “Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>.","chicago":"Arns, Rahel, Rory McClish, Patrick Hemberger, Andras Bodi, Jordy Bouwman, Tina Kasper, and Domenik Schleier. “Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940</a>.","short":"R. Arns, R. McClish, P. Hemberger, A. Bodi, J. Bouwman, T. Kasper, D. Schleier, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2025).","apa":"Arns, R., McClish, R., Hemberger, P., Bodi, A., Bouwman, J., Kasper, T., &#38; Schleier, D. (2025). Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles? <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940</a>","ieee":"R. Arns <i>et al.</i>, “Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202503940\">10.1002/anie.202503940</a>."},"publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","user_id":"94562","doi":"10.1002/anie.202503940","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"60551","publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-07-08T10:34:45Z","author":[{"last_name":"Arns","first_name":"Rahel","full_name":"Arns, Rahel"},{"full_name":"McClish, Rory","last_name":"McClish","first_name":"Rory"},{"full_name":"Hemberger, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Hemberger"},{"first_name":"Andras","last_name":"Bodi","full_name":"Bodi, Andras"},{"full_name":"Bouwman, Jordy","last_name":"Bouwman","first_name":"Jordy"},{"first_name":"Tina","last_name":"Kasper","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"},{"full_name":"Schleier, Domenik","first_name":"Domenik","last_name":"Schleier"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"]},"year":"2025","status":"public","title":"Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?"},{"status":"public","user_id":"95069","volume":145,"page":"105848","_id":"50841","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Moretto, Giordano, et al. “Fast Model-Based Calibration of Multiple Injections for a CI Engine Using Nonlinear Optimal Control.” <i>Control Engineering Practice</i>, vol. 145, 2024, p. 105848, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.105848\">10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.105848</a>.","ama":"Moretto G, Schnell N, Frey J, et al. 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Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and dissociative photoionization of benzonitrile. <i>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics</i>. 2023;25(42):29070-29079. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03977c\">10.1039/d3cp03977c</a>","ieee":"J. Kamer, D. Schleier, M. Donker, P. Hemberger, A. Bodi, and J. Bouwman, “Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and dissociative photoionization of benzonitrile,” <i>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 25, no. 42, pp. 29070–29079, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03977c\">10.1039/d3cp03977c</a>.","apa":"Kamer, J., Schleier, D., Donker, M., Hemberger, P., Bodi, A., &#38; Bouwman, J. (2023). Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and dissociative photoionization of benzonitrile. <i>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics</i>, <i>25</i>(42), 29070–29079. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03977c\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03977c</a>","short":"J. Kamer, D. Schleier, M. Donker, P. Hemberger, A. Bodi, J. Bouwman, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 25 (2023) 29070–29079.","chicago":"Kamer, Jerry, Domenik Schleier, Merel Donker, Patrick Hemberger, Andras Bodi, and Jordy Bouwman. “Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Dissociative Photoionization of Benzonitrile.” <i>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics</i> 25, no. 42 (2023): 29070–79. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03977c\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03977c</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1039/d3cp03977c","year":"2023","title":"Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and dissociative photoionization of benzonitrile","author":[{"full_name":"Kamer, Jerry","last_name":"Kamer","first_name":"Jerry"},{"full_name":"Schleier, Domenik","first_name":"Domenik","last_name":"Schleier","id":"98339"},{"last_name":"Donker","first_name":"Merel","full_name":"Donker, Merel"},{"full_name":"Hemberger, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Hemberger"},{"first_name":"Andras","last_name":"Bodi","full_name":"Bodi, Andras"},{"last_name":"Bouwman","first_name":"Jordy","full_name":"Bouwman, Jordy"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1463-9076","1463-9084"]},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-11-13T08:00:52Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        25","date_created":"2023-11-07T07:24:53Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry","General Physics and Astronomy"],"department":[{"_id":"728"}],"publication":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","issue":"42","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The seven parallel dissociative ionization channels of benzonitrile yield highly stable fragment ions with commensurate abundance, underlining the potential role of the benzonitrile cation as hub species in the interstellar medium."}]},{"date_created":"2024-02-05T12:45:55Z","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"728"}],"keyword":["Absolute particle concentration","Flame Spray Pyrolysis","SMPS","Mass Spectrometry"],"type":"conference_abstract","citation":{"chicago":"Massopo, Orlando, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Munko Gonchikzhapov, and Tina Kasper. “Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster),” 2023.","short":"O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, in: 2023.","ieee":"O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, M. Gonchikzhapov, and T. Kasper, “Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster),” presented at the European Aerosol Conference, Málaga, Spain , 2023.","apa":"Massopo, O., Schmid, H.-J., Gonchikzhapov, M., &#38; Kasper, T. (2023). <i>Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)</i>. European Aerosol Conference, Málaga, Spain .","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Massopo_Schmid_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_2023, title={Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)}, author={Massopo, Orlando and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina}, year={2023} }","ama":"Massopo O, Schmid H-J, Gonchikzhapov M, Kasper T. Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster). In: ; 2023.","mla":"Massopo, Orlando, et al. <i>Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)</i>. 2023."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"51145","user_id":"98419","conference":{"end_date":"2023-09-08","location":"Málaga, Spain ","start_date":"2023-09-03","name":"European Aerosol Conference"},"author":[{"full_name":"Massopo, Orlando","first_name":"Orlando","last_name":"Massopo","id":"98419"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","id":"464"},{"id":"94996","full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-047X","first_name":"Munko","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov"},{"last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","full_name":"Kasper, Tina","id":"94562"}],"year":"2023","status":"public","title":"Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)","date_updated":"2024-02-05T12:46:11Z"},{"citation":{"ama":"Apazeller S, Gonchikzhapov M, Nanjaiah M, et al. A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames. <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>. 2023;39(1):909-918. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>","bibtex":"@article{Apazeller_Gonchikzhapov_Nanjaiah_Kasper_Wlokas_Wiggers_Schulz_2023, title={A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames}, volume={39}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>}, number={1}, journal={Proceedings of the Combustion Institute}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Apazeller, Sascha and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Nanjaiah, Monika and Kasper, Tina and Wlokas, Irenäus and Wiggers, Hartmut and Schulz, Christof}, year={2023}, pages={909–918} }","mla":"Apazeller, Sascha, et al. “A New Dual Matrix Burner for One-Dimensional Investigation of Aerosol Flames.” <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>, vol. 39, no. 1, Elsevier BV, 2023, pp. 909–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>.","chicago":"Apazeller, Sascha, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Monika Nanjaiah, Tina Kasper, Irenäus Wlokas, Hartmut Wiggers, and Christof Schulz. “A New Dual Matrix Burner for One-Dimensional Investigation of Aerosol Flames.” <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i> 39, no. 1 (2023): 909–18. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>.","short":"S. Apazeller, M. Gonchikzhapov, M. Nanjaiah, T. Kasper, I. Wlokas, H. Wiggers, C. Schulz, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39 (2023) 909–918.","apa":"Apazeller, S., Gonchikzhapov, M., Nanjaiah, M., Kasper, T., Wlokas, I., Wiggers, H., &#38; Schulz, C. (2023). A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames. <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>, <i>39</i>(1), 909–918. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>","ieee":"S. Apazeller <i>et al.</i>, “A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames,” <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 909–918, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","_id":"53078","publisher":"Elsevier BV","page":"909-918","volume":39,"user_id":"94562","issue":"1","publication":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","abstract":[{"text":"In spray-flame synthesis of nanoparticles, a precise understanding of the reaction processes is necessary to find optimal process parameters for the formation of the desired products. Coupling the chemistries of flame, solvent, and gas-phase species initially formed from the particle precursor in combination with the complex flow geometry of the spray flame means a special challenge for the modeling of the reaction processes. A new burner has been developed that is capable to observe the reaction of precursor solutions frequently used in spray-flame synthesis. The burner provides an almost flat, laminar, and steady flame with homogeneous addition of a fine aerosol and thus enables detailed investigation and modeling of the coupled reactions inde-pendent of spray formation and turbulent mixing. With its two separate supply channel matrices, the burner also enables the use of reactants that would otherwise react with each other already before reaching the flame. These features enable the investigation of a wide range of flame-based synthesis methods for nanoparticles and, due to the flat-flame geometry, kinetics models for these processes can be developed and validated. This work describes the matrix burner development and its gas flow optimization by simulation. Droplet-size dis-tributions generated by ultrasonic nebulization and their interaction with the burner structure are investigated by phase-Doppler anemometry. As an example for nanoparticle-for ming flames from solutions, iron-oxide nanoparticle-generating flames using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate dissolved in 1-butanol were investigated. This effort includes measurements of two-dimensional maps of the flame temperature by a thermocouple and height-dependent concentration profiles of the main species by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Exper-imental data are compared with 1D simulations using a reduced reaction mechanism. The results show that the new burner is well suited for the development of reaction models for precursors supplied in the liquid phase usually applied in spray-flame synthesis configurations.& COPY; 2022 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2024-03-27T16:14:34Z","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry","Mechanical Engineering","General Chemical Engineering"],"type":"journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"Apazeller","first_name":"Sascha","full_name":"Apazeller, Sascha"},{"full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","first_name":"Munko","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov"},{"last_name":"Nanjaiah","first_name":"Monika","full_name":"Nanjaiah, Monika"},{"last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"},{"last_name":"Wlokas","first_name":"Irenäus","full_name":"Wlokas, Irenäus"},{"full_name":"Wiggers, Hartmut","last_name":"Wiggers","first_name":"Hartmut"},{"first_name":"Christof","last_name":"Schulz","full_name":"Schulz, Christof"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1540-7489"]},"year":"2023","title":"A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        39","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-03-27T16:30:15Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed in fuel-rich and sooting hydrocarbon flames. These compounds and smaller aromatic flame constituents, such as benzene, toluene and naphthalene can be detected by flame-sampling molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). They are readily ionized by photoionization with UV light, either in resonant or non-resonant ionization processes. The multiphoton ionization of benzene, toluene, and styrene with MBMS detection was investigated as a function of laser power and wavelength and the quantitative relation between ion signal and mole fractions in the flames was established. These measurements were prerequisites for the measurement of quantitative mole fraction profiles of these species in flames of various fuels. In addition, the measurements provide relative mole fraction profiles of various other aromatic flame species. The results are compared to measurements of aromatics in butadiene, propyne, and allene flames by single-photon ionization with vacuum ultraviolet radiation from a synchrotron source and other literature data. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute."}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Kasper_Hansen_2023, title={Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames}, volume={257}, number={1}, journal={Combustion and Flame}, author={Kasper, Tina and Hansen, Nils}, year={2023} }","ama":"Kasper T, Hansen N. Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames. <i>Combustion and Flame</i>. 2023;257(1).","mla":"Kasper, Tina, and Nils Hansen. “Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Detection of Aromatics Formation in Fuel-Rich Flames.” <i>Combustion and Flame</i>, vol. 257, no. 1, 2023.","short":"T. Kasper, N. Hansen, Combustion and Flame 257 (2023).","chicago":"Kasper, Tina, and Nils Hansen. “Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Detection of Aromatics Formation in Fuel-Rich Flames.” <i>Combustion and Flame</i> 257, no. 1 (2023).","ieee":"T. Kasper and N. Hansen, “Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames,” <i>Combustion and Flame</i>, vol. 257, no. 1, 2023.","apa":"Kasper, T., &#38; Hansen, N. (2023). Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames. <i>Combustion and Flame</i>, <i>257</i>(1)."},"issue":"1","publication":"Combustion and Flame","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2024-03-27T16:09:38Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       257","date_updated":"2024-03-27T16:24:28Z","author":[{"first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","last_name":"Kasper","full_name":"Kasper, Tina","id":"94562"},{"full_name":"Hansen, Nils","first_name":"Nils","last_name":"Hansen"}],"title":"Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames","year":"2023","status":"public","volume":257,"user_id":"94562","_id":"53075","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_created":"2023-01-13T16:28:59Z","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"728"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry","Mechanical Engineering","General Chemical Engineering"],"citation":{"apa":"Apazeller, S., Gonchikzhapov, M., Nanjaiah, M., Kasper, T., Wlokas, I., Wiggers, H., &#38; Schulz, C. (2023). A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames. <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>","ieee":"S. Apazeller <i>et al.</i>, “A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames,” <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>.","chicago":"Apazeller, Sascha, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Monika Nanjaiah, Tina Kasper, Irenäus Wlokas, Hartmut Wiggers, and Christof Schulz. “A New Dual Matrix Burner for One-Dimensional Investigation of Aerosol Flames.” <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>.","short":"S. Apazeller, M. Gonchikzhapov, M. Nanjaiah, T. Kasper, I. Wlokas, H. Wiggers, C. Schulz, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute (2023).","mla":"Apazeller, Sascha, et al. “A New Dual Matrix Burner for One-Dimensional Investigation of Aerosol Flames.” <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>, Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>.","ama":"Apazeller S, Gonchikzhapov M, Nanjaiah M, et al. A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames. <i>Proceedings of the Combustion Institute</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>","bibtex":"@article{Apazeller_Gonchikzhapov_Nanjaiah_Kasper_Wlokas_Wiggers_Schulz_2023, title={A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166\">10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166</a>}, journal={Proceedings of the Combustion Institute}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Apazeller, Sascha and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Nanjaiah, Monika and Kasper, Tina and Wlokas, Irenäus and Wiggers, Hartmut and Schulz, Christof}, year={2023} }"},"publication":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"36812","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"94562","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.166","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1540-7489"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Apazeller, Sascha","last_name":"Apazeller","first_name":"Sascha"},{"id":"94996","full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","first_name":"Munko","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-047X"},{"last_name":"Nanjaiah","first_name":"Monika","full_name":"Nanjaiah, Monika"},{"id":"94562","first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","last_name":"Kasper","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"},{"first_name":"Irenäus","last_name":"Wlokas","full_name":"Wlokas, Irenäus"},{"full_name":"Wiggers, Hartmut","first_name":"Hartmut","last_name":"Wiggers"},{"last_name":"Schulz","first_name":"Christof","full_name":"Schulz, Christof"}],"status":"public","year":"2023","title":"A new dual matrix burner for one-dimensional investigation of aerosol flames","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-03-27T17:31:06Z"},{"publication":"Combustion and Flame","date_created":"2024-03-27T16:07:31Z","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy","Energy Engineering and Power Technology","Fuel Technology","General Chemical Engineering","General Chemistry"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"title":"Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames","year":"2023","author":[{"full_name":"Kasper, Tina","last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina"},{"last_name":"Hansen","first_name":"Nils","full_name":"Hansen, Nils"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0010-2180"]},"date_updated":"2024-03-27T16:23:48Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       257","article_number":"112820","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820","citation":{"apa":"Kasper, T., &#38; Hansen, N. (2023). Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames. <i>Combustion and Flame</i>, <i>257</i>, Article 112820. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820</a>","ieee":"T. Kasper and N. Hansen, “Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames,” <i>Combustion and Flame</i>, vol. 257, Art. no. 112820, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820\">10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820</a>.","chicago":"Kasper, Tina, and Nils Hansen. “Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Detection of Aromatics Formation in Fuel-Rich Flames.” <i>Combustion and Flame</i> 257 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820</a>.","short":"T. Kasper, N. Hansen, Combustion and Flame 257 (2023).","mla":"Kasper, Tina, and Nils Hansen. “Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Detection of Aromatics Formation in Fuel-Rich Flames.” <i>Combustion and Flame</i>, vol. 257, 112820, Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820\">10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820</a>.","ama":"Kasper T, Hansen N. Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames. <i>Combustion and Flame</i>. 2023;257. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820\">10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kasper_Hansen_2023, title={Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of aromatics formation in fuel-rich flames}, volume={257}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820\">10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112820</a>}, number={112820}, journal={Combustion and Flame}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kasper, Tina and Hansen, Nils}, year={2023} }"},"status":"public","_id":"53074","publisher":"Elsevier BV","user_id":"94562","volume":257},{"doi":"10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2","user_id":"7828","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"43391","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-04-27T11:10:32Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"7828","last_name":"Paul","first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Paul, Andreas"},{"first_name":"Elmar","last_name":"Baumhögger","full_name":"Baumhögger, Elmar","id":"15164"},{"id":"49826","full_name":"Dewerth, Mats-Ole","first_name":"Mats-Ole","last_name":"Dewerth"},{"full_name":"Hami Dindar, Iman","first_name":"Iman","last_name":"Hami Dindar","id":"54836"},{"last_name":"Sonnenrein","first_name":"Gerrit","full_name":"Sonnenrein, Gerrit"},{"first_name":"Jadran","last_name":"Vrabec","full_name":"Vrabec, Jadran"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1388-6150","1588-2926"]},"year":"2023","status":"public","title":"Thermal conductivity of solid paraffins and several n-docosane compounds with graphite","department":[{"_id":"728"},{"_id":"145"},{"_id":"393"},{"_id":"9"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry","Condensed Matter Physics"],"date_created":"2023-04-04T06:48:57Z","abstract":[{"text":"The technical importance of paraffins as phase change materials (PCM) in heat storage systems increases. Knowledge on the thermal conductivity of paraffins is necessary for the design and optimization of heat storage systems. However, for most paraffins solely the thermal conductivity of the liquid state has been sufficiently investigated. For the solid state, precise thermal conductivity data are only known for a few paraffins, while only generalized values are available for the remainder, some of which contradict each other. In this study, a measurement setup based on the modified guarded hot plate method is developed. It is used to investigate the thermal conductivity of several paraffines in the solid state, including pure n-docosane and its compounds with different types and concentrations of graphite. For n-docosane in the solid state, the thermal conductivity is determined to be 0.49 W/(m K). A particle size of 200 μm with a spherical shape turns out to be optimal to increase the thermal conductivity. This allows the thermal conductivity of a compound with 10% graphite to increase by a factor of three compared to the pure paraffin. Furthermore, significant differences to thermal conductivity data from the literature are found.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Paul A, Baumhögger E, Dewerth M-O, Hami Dindar I, Sonnenrein G, Vrabec J. Thermal conductivity of solid paraffins and several n-docosane compounds with graphite. <i>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2\">10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2</a>","bibtex":"@article{Paul_Baumhögger_Dewerth_Hami Dindar_Sonnenrein_Vrabec_2023, title={Thermal conductivity of solid paraffins and several n-docosane compounds with graphite}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2\">10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2</a>}, journal={Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Paul, Andreas and Baumhögger, Elmar and Dewerth, Mats-Ole and Hami Dindar, Iman and Sonnenrein, Gerrit and Vrabec, Jadran}, year={2023} }","mla":"Paul, Andreas, et al. “Thermal Conductivity of Solid Paraffins and Several N-Docosane Compounds with Graphite.” <i>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2\">10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2</a>.","chicago":"Paul, Andreas, Elmar Baumhögger, Mats-Ole Dewerth, Iman Hami Dindar, Gerrit Sonnenrein, and Jadran Vrabec. “Thermal Conductivity of Solid Paraffins and Several N-Docosane Compounds with Graphite.” <i>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2</a>.","short":"A. Paul, E. Baumhögger, M.-O. Dewerth, I. Hami Dindar, G. Sonnenrein, J. Vrabec, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (2023).","apa":"Paul, A., Baumhögger, E., Dewerth, M.-O., Hami Dindar, I., Sonnenrein, G., &#38; Vrabec, J. (2023). Thermal conductivity of solid paraffins and several n-docosane compounds with graphite. <i>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2</a>","ieee":"A. Paul, E. Baumhögger, M.-O. Dewerth, I. Hami Dindar, G. Sonnenrein, and J. Vrabec, “Thermal conductivity of solid paraffins and several n-docosane compounds with graphite,” <i>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry</i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2\">10.1007/s10973-023-12107-2</a>."},"publication":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"place":"Hannover","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Paul, Andreas, et al. <i>Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten</i>. Edited by Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Paul_Baumhögger_Elsner_Reineke_Kasper_Schumacher_Vrabec_ Hüppe_ Stamminger_Hölscher_et al._2023, place={Hannover}, title={Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten}, publisher={Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.}, author={Paul, Andreas and Baumhögger, Elmar and Elsner, Andreas and Reineke, Michael and Kasper, Tina and Schumacher, Daniel and Vrabec, Jadran and  Hüppe, Christian and  Stamminger, Rainer and Hölscher, Heike and et al.}, editor={Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.}, year={2023} }","ama":"Paul A, Baumhögger E, Elsner A, et al. Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten. In: Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., ed. Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.; 2023.","ieee":"A. Paul <i>et al.</i>, “Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten,” Magdeburg, 2023.","apa":"Paul, A., Baumhögger, E., Elsner, A., Reineke, M., Kasper, T., Schumacher, D., Vrabec, J.,  Hüppe, C.,  Stamminger, R., Hölscher, H., Stoll, R., Wagner, H.,  Gries, U., &#38; Becker, W. (2023). <i>Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten</i> (Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., Ed.). Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.","chicago":"Paul, Andreas, Elmar Baumhögger, Andreas Elsner, Michael Reineke, Tina Kasper, Daniel Schumacher, Jadran Vrabec, et al. “Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten.” edited by Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. Hannover: Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., 2023.","short":"A. Paul, E. Baumhögger, A. Elsner, M. Reineke, T. Kasper, D. Schumacher, J. Vrabec, C.  Hüppe, R.  Stamminger, H. Hölscher, R. Stoll, H. Wagner, U.  Gries, W. Becker, in: Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V. (Ed.), Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V., Hannover, 2023."},"user_id":"7828","_id":"43394","publisher":"Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V.","conference":{"end_date":"2022-11-18","location":"Magdeburg","start_date":"2022-11-16","name":"Deutsche Kälte-Klima Tagung 48"},"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"728"},{"_id":"9"}],"type":"conference","keyword":["Haushaltskältegeräte","Energieverbrauch","Alterung","Verdichter","PUR-Schaum"],"date_created":"2023-04-04T12:49:16Z","abstract":[{"lang":"ger","text":"Die für die Berechnung des Energieeffizienzindex von Haushaltskältegeräten benötigten Parameter werden durch Norm-Messungen im Neuzustand der Geräte bestimmt. Aus früheren Untersuchungen ist bekannt, dass durch verschiedene technische Alterungsmechanismen der Energieverbrauch über eine Produktlebensdauer von 18 Jahren um bis zu 33 % zunehmen kann. Ziel des vom BMWi geförderten Projekts ALGE war es, die verschie-denen Ursachen und Einflussgrößen für die Alterung von Haushaltskältegeräten zu ermitteln und eine Alterungs-funktion zu bestimmen, die den zeitlichen Verlauf des zunehmenden Energieverbrauchs beschreibt.\r\nIn diesem Projekt wurde das Alterungsverhalten von Haushaltskältegeräten durch 100 Normenergieverbrauchs-messungen an 32 real gealterten Geräten untersucht. Aus den gewonnenen Ergebnissen konnte eine Alterungs-funktion bestimmt werden, die den Anstieg des Energieverbrauchs beschreibt. Alle untersuchten Geräte wurden an der Universität Paderborn im Neuzustand vermessen und nach einer Laufzeit von bis zu 21 Jahren erneut geprüft. Bereits nach einem zweijährigen Betrieb konnte ein Mehrverbrauch von bis zu 11 % festgestellt werden. Über die durchschnittliche Produktlebensdauer von Haushaltskältegeräten von ca. 16 Jahren steigert sich der Energieverbrauch um durchschnittlich 27 %.\r\nIm Rahmen des Projekts wurden verschiedene Systemkomponenten, wie Isolierung und Verdichter, hinsichtlich ihres Alterungsverhaltens untersucht. Bei dem im Gehäuse als Isolierung verwendeten PUR-Schaum konnte über einen Zeitraum von 31 Monaten ein Anstieg der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 19,5 W/(m⋅K) auf 24,5 W/(m⋅K) festge-stellt werden. Zur Untersuchung der Alterung der Verdichter wurden zuvor auf einem Kalorimeterteststand ver-messene Verdichter in Geräte eingebaut. Nach einem zweijährigen Betrieb wurden diese Verdichter wieder aus-gebaut und erneut vermessen. Hierbei konnte keine Änderung des COP festgestellt werden. Zusätzlich zu den technischen Parametern wurde der Einfluss des Verbraucherverhaltens analysiert. Hier zeigte sich, dass bis zu 33 % des Gesamtenergieverbrauchs nach einer mehrjährigen Nutzungsdauer verbraucherinduziert sein können."}],"language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"date_updated":"2023-04-27T11:11:44Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Paul","full_name":"Paul, Andreas","id":"7828"},{"id":"15164","full_name":"Baumhögger, Elmar","first_name":"Elmar","last_name":"Baumhögger"},{"id":"16124","full_name":"Elsner, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Elsner"},{"id":"24603","last_name":"Reineke","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Reineke, Michael"},{"id":"94562","first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","last_name":"Kasper","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"},{"full_name":"Schumacher, Daniel","last_name":"Schumacher","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Vrabec, Jadran","first_name":"Jadran","last_name":"Vrabec"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":" Hüppe","full_name":" Hüppe, Christian"},{"first_name":"Rainer","last_name":" Stamminger","full_name":" Stamminger, Rainer"},{"full_name":"Hölscher, Heike","last_name":"Hölscher","first_name":"Heike"},{"full_name":"Stoll, Ragnar","first_name":"Ragnar","last_name":"Stoll"},{"full_name":"Wagner, Hendrik","first_name":"Hendrik","last_name":"Wagner"},{"full_name":" Gries, Ulrich","last_name":" Gries","first_name":"Ulrich"},{"full_name":"Becker, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Becker"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-932715-55-6"]},"corporate_editor":["Deutscher Kälte‐ und Klimatechnischer Verein e.V."],"title":"Alterungsmechanismen von Haushaltskältegeräten","year":"2023"},{"status":"public","_id":"45602","publisher":"Elsevier BV","volume":14,"user_id":"94996","citation":{"ieee":"Y. Karakaya, H. Somnitz, A. Hermsen, M. Gonchikzhapov, and T. Kasper, “Revisiting the initial reaction rates for TMS combustion and a new evidence for metastable silica nanoparticles in the gas-phase synthesis,” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, vol. 14, Art. no. 100152, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152</a>.","apa":"Karakaya, Y., Somnitz, H., Hermsen, A., Gonchikzhapov, M., &#38; Kasper, T. (2023). Revisiting the initial reaction rates for TMS combustion and a new evidence for metastable silica nanoparticles in the gas-phase synthesis. <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, <i>14</i>, Article 100152. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152</a>","short":"Y. Karakaya, H. Somnitz, A. Hermsen, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, Applications in Energy and Combustion Science 14 (2023).","chicago":"Karakaya, Yasin, H. Somnitz, A. Hermsen, Munko Gonchikzhapov, and Tina Kasper. “Revisiting the Initial Reaction Rates for TMS Combustion and a New Evidence for Metastable Silica Nanoparticles in the Gas-Phase Synthesis.” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i> 14 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152</a>.","mla":"Karakaya, Yasin, et al. “Revisiting the Initial Reaction Rates for TMS Combustion and a New Evidence for Metastable Silica Nanoparticles in the Gas-Phase Synthesis.” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, vol. 14, 100152, Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Karakaya_Somnitz_Hermsen_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_2023, title={Revisiting the initial reaction rates for TMS combustion and a new evidence for metastable silica nanoparticles in the gas-phase synthesis}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152</a>}, number={100152}, journal={Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Karakaya, Yasin and Somnitz, H. and Hermsen, A. and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina}, year={2023} }","ama":"Karakaya Y, Somnitz H, Hermsen A, Gonchikzhapov M, Kasper T. Revisiting the initial reaction rates for TMS combustion and a new evidence for metastable silica nanoparticles in the gas-phase synthesis. <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Yasin","last_name":"Karakaya","full_name":"Karakaya, Yasin","id":"95069"},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Somnitz","full_name":"Somnitz, H."},{"full_name":"Hermsen, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Hermsen"},{"orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-047X","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov","first_name":"Munko","full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","id":"94996"},{"id":"94562","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","first_name":"Tina","last_name":"Kasper","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2666-352X"]},"title":"Revisiting the initial reaction rates for TMS combustion and a new evidence for metastable silica nanoparticles in the gas-phase synthesis","year":"2023","intvolume":"        14","date_updated":"2023-08-22T20:03:29Z","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23000419","open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"100152","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100152","publication":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","date_created":"2023-06-13T18:32:33Z","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"keyword":["Metastable particles","Nanomaterials","Quartz-crystal-microbalance","Molecular-beam mass spectrometry","Tetramethylsilane","Reaction kinetics"],"type":"journal_article"}]