@unpublished{59917, abstract = {{nder the slogan of trustworthy AI, much of contemporary AI research is focused on designing AI systems and usage practices that inspire human trust and, thus, enhance adoption of AI systems. However, a person affected by an AI system may not be convinced by AI system design alone---neither should they, if the AI system is embedded in a social context that gives good reason to believe that it is used in tension with a person’s interest. In such cases, distrust in the system may be justified and necessary to build meaningful trust in the first place. We propose the term \emph{healthy distrust} to describe such a justified, careful stance towards certain AI usage practices. We investigate prior notions of trust and distrust in computer science, sociology, history, psychology, and philosophy, outline a remaining gap that healthy distrust might fill and conceptualize healthy distrust as a crucial part for AI usage that respects human autonomy.}}, author = {{Paaßen, Benjamin and Alpsancar, Suzana and Matzner, Tobias and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, booktitle = {{arXiv}}, title = {{{Healthy Distrust in AI systems}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62028, abstract = {{Explainable AI (XAI) methods can support the identification of biases in automated decision-making (ADM) systems. However, existing research does not sufficiently address whether these biases originate from the ADM system or mirror underlying societal inequalities. This distinction is important because it has major implications for how to act upon an explanation: while the societal bias produced by the ADM system can be algorithmically fixed, societal inequalities demand societal actions. To address this gap, we propose the RR-XAI-framework (recognition-redistribution through XAI) that builds on a distinction between socio-technical and societal bias and Nancy Fraser's justice theory of recognition and redistribution. In our framework, explanations can play two distinct roles: as a socio-technical diagnosis when they reveal biases produced by the ADM system itself, or as a societal diagnosis when they expose biases that reflect broader societal inequalities. We then outline the operationalization of the framework and discuss its applicability for cases in algorithmic hiring and credit scoring. Based on our findings, we argue that the diagnostic functions of XAI are contingent on the provision of such explanations, the resources of the audiences, as well as the current limits of XAI techniques.}}, author = {{Fahimi, Miriam and State, Laura and Kasirzadeh, Atoosa}}, issn = {{3065-8365}}, journal = {{Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{879--892}}, publisher = {{Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)}}, title = {{{From Explaining to Diagnosing: A Justice-Oriented Framework of Explainable AI for Bias Detection}}}, doi = {{10.1609/aies.v8i1.36597}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62229, abstract = {{In 2024, the EU adopted the AI Act, a new set of rules for trustworthy artificial intelligence. This legal instrument carves a large place for standardisation, a regulatory technique that consists in crafting so-called harmonised technical standards, to facilitate legal compliance by industry stakeholders. While EU technical standards have been used in the past for ensuring product safety, for the first time the AI Act relies on standardisation to facilitate compliance with fundamental rights, including the right to non-discrimination and equality. The attempt to translate inherently open-textured rights and ethical principles into operationalizable standards raises critical questions. In particular, how will standardisation practices under the new EU AI Act affect, transform, contest and stabilise notions of equality and non-discrimination in an increasingly algorithmic society? This paper proposes a research agenda to address this question and unpack the black box of AI standardisation.}}, author = {{Xenidis, Raphaële and Fahimi, Miriam}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of Fourth European Workshop on Algorithmic Fairness}}, pages = {{310–314}}, publisher = {{PMLR}}, title = {{{Standardising Equality in the Algorithmic Society? A Research Agenda}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62286, abstract = {{Optical tweezer arrays of laser-cooled and individually controlled particles have revolutionized atomic, molecular, and optical physics. They afford exquisite capabilities for applications in quantum simulation of many-body physics, quantum computation, and sensing. Underlying this development is the technical maturity of generating scalable optical beams, enabled by active components and a high numerical aperture objective. However, such a complex combination of bulk optics outside the vacuum chamber is very sensitive to any vibration and drift. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a 3 × 3 static tweezer array with a single chip-scale multifunctional metasurface element in vacuum, replacing the meter-long free space optics. Fluorescence counts on the camera validate the successful trapping of the atomic ensemble array and showcase a promising strategy for integrated photonics with cold atom systems. The introduction of a polarization independent dual-wavelength metasurface significantly enhances fluorescence collection efficiency while reducing experimental complexity. This approach paves the way for scalable neutral atom platforms and offers a compelling route towards the realization of next generation quantum metasurfaces.}}, author = {{Li, Donghao and Liao, Qiming and Xu, Beining and Zentgraf, Thomas and Narvaez Castaneda, Emmanuel and Zhou, Yaoting and Qin, Keyu and Xu, Zhongxiao and Shen, Heng and Huang, Lingling}}, issn = {{1094-4087}}, journal = {{Optics Express}}, number = {{24}}, publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}}, title = {{{In vacuum metasurface for optical microtrap array}}}, doi = {{10.1364/oe.580201}}, volume = {{33}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{57531, author = {{Alpsancar, Suzana and Buhl, Heike M. and Matzner, Tobias and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, journal = {{AI and Ethics}}, pages = {{3015–3033}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Explanation needs and ethical demands: unpacking the instrumental value of XAI}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00622-3}}, volume = {{5}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{62305, author = {{Reijers, Wessel and Matzner, Tobias and Alpsancar, Suzana}}, booktitle = {{Digital Development. Technology, Ethics and Governance}}, editor = {{Farina, Mirko and Yu, Xiao and Chen, Jin}}, isbn = {{9781003567622}}, publisher = {{Routledge}}, title = {{{Explainability and AI Governance}}}, doi = {{10.4324/9781003567622-22}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{62639, author = {{Kruse, Stephan and Silberhorn, Christine and Brecht, Benjamin and Schwabe, Tobias}}, title = {{{Optisch basierter Digital-Analog-Umsetzer}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62725, abstract = {{Aluminium-Silizium-Legierungen (AlSi) werden insbesondere bei der gießtechnischen Herstellung von Leichtbaukomponenten für Fahrzeuge verwendet. Dieses Legierungssystem hat hervorragende Gießeigenschaften bei gleichzeitig akzeptablen mechanischen Eigenschaften. Aufgrund des hohen Silizium-(Si)-Gehaltes, wodurch die Volumenkontraktion im Phasenübergang von flüssig-fest nahezu unterbunden wird, neigen AlSi-Legierungen dazu, feinere oder gröbere Si-Platten bei unterschiedlichen Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten zu bilden. Um die mechanischen Eigenschaften zu verbessern, werden dem Legierungssystem in der Schmelzphase entweder Natrium (Na) oder Strontium (Sr) zugesetzt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass sich eine fein lamellare Si-Morphologie bei der Erstarrung ausbildet; dies kann ebenfalls durch hohe Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden. Ein nachfolgendes Lösungsglühen bewirkt eine Sphäroidisierung der Si-Partikel und dient der Steigerung der Duktilität. Aktuell fehlen fundierte Erkenntnisse zur Ausprägung der Si-Morphologie in Abhängigkeit der Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit oder infolge einer Wärmebehandlung. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in dieser Studie verschiedene Behandlungsparameter in Bezug auf das Einformverhalten der Si-Partikel mit einem bildauswertenden Verfahren evaluiert sowie unter Bezug auf verschiedene chemische Zusammensetzungen miteinander korreliert.}}, author = {{Neuser, Moritz and Cichon, Gerrit and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}}, booktitle = {{Bildauswertendes Verfahren zur Evaluierung der Mikrostruktur von AlSi-Systemen}}, isbn = {{978-3-88355-454-9}}, keywords = {{Bildauswertendes Verfahren, Mikrostrukturanalyse, AlSi-System, Si-Morphologie}}, location = {{Dresden}}, pages = {{454 -- 459}}, publisher = {{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde (DGM)}}, title = {{{Bildauswertendes Verfahren zur Evaluierung der Mikrostruktur von AlSi-Systemen}}}, volume = {{43}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62749, abstract = {{Coherent Raman scattering techniques as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), offer significant advantages in terms of pixel dwell times and speed as compared to spontaneous Raman scattering for investigations of crystalline materials. However, the spectral information in CARS is often hampered by the presence of a nonresonant contribution to the scattering process that shifts and distorts the Raman peaks. In this work, we apply a method to obtain nonresonant background-free spectra based on time-delayed, broadband CARS (TD-BCARS) using an intrapulse excitation scheme. In particular, this method can measure the phononic dephasing times across the full phonon spectrum at once. We test the methodology on amorphous SiO2 (glass), which is used to characterize the setup-specific and material-independent response times, and then apply TD-BCARS to the analysis of single crystals of diamond and ferroelectrics of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and potassium titanyl arsenate (KTA). For diamond, we determine a dephasing time of 𝜏=7.81 ps for the single 𝑠⁢𝑝3 peak.}}, author = {{Hempel, F. and Rüsing, Michael and Vernuccio, F. and Spychala, K. J. and Buschbeck, R. and Cerullo, G. and Polli, D. and Eng, L. M.}}, issn = {{2469-9950}}, journal = {{Physical Review B}}, number = {{22}}, publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}}, title = {{{Phonon dephasing times determined with time-delayed broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering}}}, doi = {{10.1103/1ctr-csjy}}, volume = {{112}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62755, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Grotegut, Lea and Janzen, Thomas and Wotschel, Philipp}}, location = {{Göttigen}}, title = {{{Performanzorientiertes Prüfen im Lehramtsstudium Physik}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62752, abstract = {{In higher education, assessment/examination procedures should be designed to form a coherent learning process that is aligned with the intended learning objectives and planned learning activities. However, in academic teacher education programmes often use assessment formats that are not well aligned with the demands of teachers' actual professional practice. Performance-based assessments can offer an alternative, for example in the form of role-play-based simulations with trained actors representing typical professional activities in environments of reduced complexity. We have developed such a performance-based assessment format for physics teacher education, analogous to the Objective Structured Teaching Examinations (OSTE) approach used in medical education. The OSTE prototype consists of seven short simulative assessments, reflecting four areas of competence (Instruction, Assessment, Pedagogy and Innovation) that form a 90-minute examination course. In order to investigate prospective physics teachers' perceptions of such an assessment format in terms of its suitability as a summative examination procedure, we piloted the OSTE prototype with N = 34 physics student teachers from three German universities using short questionnaires. The results show that participants perceived the OSTE prototype as authentic and relevant, but they also highlight the need for adequate new learning opportunities to prepare for such simulative examinations to be integrated into teacher education programmes.}}, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Grotegut, Lea and Wotschel, Philipp and Janzen, Thomas}}, keywords = {{teacher education, physics, assessment, pre-service teachers}}, location = {{Copenhagen}}, title = {{{Prospective Physics Teachers' Perceptions of an Objective Structured Teaching Examination (OSTE)}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62756, author = {{Janzen, Thomas and Wotschel, Philipp and Grotegut, Lea and Vogelsang, Christoph}}, location = {{Kassel}}, title = {{{„als Student hätte ich da mehr Bock drauf als auf eine [Fachdidaktikklausur]“ - Die Wahrnehmung von Studierenden hinsichtlich rollenspielbasierter Simulationen als handlungsorientiertes Prüfungsformat für die Englischlehrkräftebildung}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62753, author = {{Janzen, Thomas and Grotegut, Lea and Wotschel, Philipp and Vogelsang, Christoph}}, location = {{Mannheim }}, title = {{{Validierung einer rollenspielbasierten Simulationsprüfung für angehende Englischlehrkräfte- Validitätsargumente zum Scoring und zur Testwertinterpretation}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62754, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Wotschel, Philipp and Janzen, Thomas and Grotegut, Lea}}, location = {{Heilbronn}}, title = {{{Auf die Prüfung kommt es an! - Handlungsnahe Prüfungsformate in Lehramtsstudiengängen}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62757, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Wotschel, Philipp and Janzen, Thomas and Grotegut, Lea}}, location = {{Essen}}, title = {{{Das Handeln prüfen - Performanzorientierte Prüfungsformate im Lehramtsstudium}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60509, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Scholl, Daniel and Meier, Jana and Küth, Simon}}, journal = {{Education Sciences}}, number = {{7}}, title = {{{Thoughts Are Free—Differences Between Unstructured and Structured Reflections of Teachers with Different Levels of Expertise}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15070820}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{60637, author = {{Weiser, David and Ditter, Rebecca and Ditter, David and Siepmann, Karin and Grandrath, Rebecca and Fechner, Sabine and Sommer, Katrin and Bohrmann-Linde, Claudia and Rubner, Isabel}}, booktitle = {{International conference New Perspective on Science Education}}, isbn = {{979-12-80225-83-2}}, location = {{Florence}}, number = {{14}}, publisher = {{Libreriauniversitaria.it}}, title = {{{Innovative teaching with actionbound: Digital pathways in chemistry education - a practical example from ComeNet Chemistry in the ComeMINT Project}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{61474, author = {{Habig, Sebastian and Großmann, Nadine and Schmid, Andrea M. and van Vorst, Helena and Fechner, Sabine and Wilde, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Interesse revisited}}, isbn = {{9783658485412}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}}, title = {{{Empirische Befunde der Interessenforschung der Fächer Biologie, Chemie und Physik im Primar- und Sekundarbereich seit 2012 – Ein systematisches Review}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-48542-9_4}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{61475, author = {{Zöchling, Sarah and Pletschacher, Laura and Maurer, Christian and Berger, Roland and Lindmaier, Kerstin and Fechner, Sabine and Wodzinski, Rita}}, booktitle = {{Interesse revisited}}, isbn = {{9783658485412}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}}, title = {{{Interessenförderung im Physik- und Chemieunterricht – Eine Bestandsaufnahme}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-48542-9_10}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62867, abstract = {{ABSTRACT Effective manipulation of photonic spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in microcavities is of fundamental importance within topological photonics and applications. Anisotropic organic single‐crystalline materials can induce abundant SOC phenomenon due to their flexible tunability of molecular geometries, however, the intrinsic relationship between molecular geometries/orientations in 3D space and photonic SOC is lacking. In this study, we design two kinds of 2D organic polymorphs for the construction of organic microcavities to investigate the structure‐performance relationships. In two polymorphic microcavities, two distinctive photonic SOC phenomena are observed regardless of the in‐plane anisotropy of organic polymorphs. Theoretical analysis indicates that the photonic SOC strength is strongly influenced by the synergies between the crystal anisotropy and the tilted collective molecular transition dipole moment. Our results uncover the correlation mechanism between the structure of molecules and photonic SOC and open an avenue to engineer complex photonic SOC by use of organic microstructures towards the development of diverse integrated photonic devices.}}, author = {{Ji, Ying and Ma, Xuekai and Huang, Han and Deng, Yibo and Wang, Pingyang and Long, Teng and Li, Yuan and Zhao, Ruiyang and Li, Yunfei and An, Cunbin and Schumacher, Stefan and Gu, Chunling and Liao, Bo and Fu, Hongbing and Liao, Qing}}, issn = {{1863-8880}}, journal = {{Laser & Photonics Reviews}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Molecular Orientation‐Dependent Photonic Spin–Orbit Coupling in Organic Microcavities Filled with 2D Polymorphic Crystals}}}, doi = {{10.1002/lpor.202501874}}, year = {{2025}}, }