---
_id: '9879'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Application of prognostics and health management (PHM) in the field of Proton
    Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is emerging as an important tool in increasing
    the reliability and availability of these systems. Though a lot of work is currently
    being conducted to develop PHM systems for fuel cells, various challenges have
    been encountered including the self-healing effect after characterization as well
    as accelerated degradation due to dynamic loading, all which make RUL predictions
    a difficult task. In this study, a prognostic approach based on adaptive particle
    filter algorithm is proposed. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the introduction
    of a self-healing factor after each characterization and the adaption of the degradation
    model parameters to fit to the changing degradation trend. An ensemble of five
    different state models based on weighted mean is then developed. The results show
    that the method is effective in estimating the remaining useful life of PEM fuel
    cells, with majority of the predictions falling within 5\% error. The method was
    employed in the IEEE 2014 PHM Data Challenge and led to our team emerging the
    winner of the RUL category of the challenge.
author:
- first_name: 'James Kuria '
  full_name: 'Kimotho, James Kuria '
  last_name: Kimotho
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer, Tobias
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Kimotho JK, Meyer T, Sextro W. PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter
    with model parameter adaptation. In: <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM),
    2014 IEEE Conference On</i>. ; 2014:1-6. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406">10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>'
  apa: Kimotho, J. K., Meyer, T., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). PEM fuel cell prognostics
    using particle filter with model parameter adaptation. In <i>Prognostics and Health
    Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on</i> (pp. 1–6). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kimotho_Meyer_Sextro_2014, title={PEM fuel cell prognostics
    using particle filter with model parameter adaptation}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406">10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>},
    booktitle={Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on},
    author={Kimotho, James Kuria  and Meyer, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014},
    pages={1–6} }'
  chicago: Kimotho, James Kuria , Tobias Meyer, and Walter Sextro. “PEM Fuel Cell
    Prognostics Using Particle Filter with Model Parameter Adaptation.” In <i>Prognostics
    and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference On</i>, 1–6, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>.
  ieee: J. K. Kimotho, T. Meyer, and W. Sextro, “PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle
    filter with model parameter adaptation,” in <i>Prognostics and Health Management
    (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on</i>, 2014, pp. 1–6.
  mla: Kimotho, James Kuria, et al. “PEM Fuel Cell Prognostics Using Particle Filter
    with Model Parameter Adaptation.” <i>Prognostics and Health Management (PHM),
    2014 IEEE Conference On</i>, 2014, pp. 1–6, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406">10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406</a>.
  short: 'J.K. Kimotho, T. Meyer, W. Sextro, in: Prognostics and Health Management
    (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference On, 2014, pp. 1–6.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:11:02Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:12:27Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1109/ICPHM.2014.7036406
keyword:
- ageing
- particle filtering (numerical methods)
- proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- remaining life assessment
- PEM fuel cell prognostics
- PHM
- RUL predictions
- accelerated degradation
- adaptive particle filter algorithm
- dynamic loading
- model parameter adaptation
- prognostics and health management
- proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- remaining useful life estimation
- self-healing effect
- Adaptation models
- Data models
- Degradation
- Estimation
- Fuel cells
- Mathematical model
- Prognostics and health management
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-6
publication: Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), 2014 IEEE Conference on
status: public
title: PEM fuel cell prognostics using particle filter with model parameter adaptation
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9880'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: With the paradigm shift towards prognostic and health management (PHM) of
    machinery, there is need for reliable PHM methodologies with narrow error bounds
    to allow maintenance engineers take decisive maintenance actions based on the
    prognostic results. Prognostics is mainly concerned with the estimation of the
    remaining useful life (RUL) or time to failure (TTF). The accuracy of PHM methods
    is usually a function of the features extracted from the raw data obtained from
    sensors. In cases where the extracted features do not display clear degradation
    trends, for instance highly loaded bearings, the accuracy of the state of the
    art PHM methods is significantly affected. The data which lacks clear degradation
    trend is referred to as non-trending data. This study presents a method for extracting
    degradation trends from non-trending condition monitoring data for RUL estimation.
    The raw signals are first filtered using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) denoising
    filter to remove noise from the acquired signals. Time domain, frequency domain
    and time-frequency domain features are then extracted from the filtered signals.
    An autoregressive model is then applied to the extracted features to identify
    the degradation trends. Features representing the maximum health information are
    then selected based on a performance evaluation criteria using extreme learning
    machine (ELM) algorithm. The selected features can then be used as inputs in a
    prognostic algorithm. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated using experimental
    bearing vibration data. The performance of the method is evaluated on the accuracy
    of RUL estimation and the results show that the method can be used to accurately
    estimate RUL with a maximum error of 10\%.
author:
- first_name: James Kuria
  full_name: Kimotho, James Kuria
  last_name: Kimotho
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Kimotho JK, Sextro W. An approach for feature extraction and selection from
    non-trending data for machinery prognosis. In: <i>Proceedings of the Second European
    Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>. Vol 5. ;
    2014.'
  apa: Kimotho, J. K., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). An approach for feature extraction
    and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis. In <i>Proceedings
    of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society
    2014</i> (Vol. 5).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kimotho_Sextro_2014, title={An approach for feature extraction
    and selection from non-trending data for machinery prognosis}, volume={5}, booktitle={Proceedings
    of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society
    2014}, author={Kimotho, James Kuria and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014} }'
  chicago: Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “An Approach for Feature Extraction
    and Selection from Non-Trending Data for Machinery Prognosis.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society
    2014</i>, Vol. 5, 2014.
  ieee: J. K. Kimotho and W. Sextro, “An approach for feature extraction and selection
    from non-trending data for machinery prognosis,” in <i>Proceedings of the Second
    European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>,
    2014, vol. 5.
  mla: Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “An Approach for Feature Extraction
    and Selection from Non-Trending Data for Machinery Prognosis.” <i>Proceedings
    of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society
    2014</i>, vol. 5, 2014.
  short: 'J.K. Kimotho, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of the Second European Conference
    of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014, 2014.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:13:00Z
date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:37:35Z
department:
- _id: '151'
intvolume: '         5'
keyword:
- autoregressive model ELM feature extraction feature selection non-trending Remaining
  useful Life
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and
  Health Management Society 2014
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: An approach for feature extraction and selection from non-trending data for
  machinery prognosis
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
volume: 5
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9881'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The increasing demand for high reliability, safety and availability of technical
    systems calls for innovative maintenance strategies. The use of prognostic health
    management (PHM) approach where maintenance action is taken based on current and
    future health state of a component or system is rapidly gaining popularity in
    the maintenance industry. Multiclass support vector machines (MC-SVM) has been
    identified as a promising algorithm in PHM applications due to its high classification
    accuracy. However, it requires parameter tuning for each application, with the
    objective of minimizing the classification error. This is a single objective optimization
    problem which requires the use of optimization algorithms that are capable of
    exhaustively searching for the global optimum parameters. This work proposes the
    use of hybrid differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO)
    in optimally tuning the MC-SVM parameters. DE identifies the search limit of the
    parameters while PSO finds the global optimum within the search limit. The feasibility
    of the approach is verified using bearing run-to-failure data and the results
    show that the proposed method significantly increases health state classification
    accuracy.
author:
- first_name: James Kuria
  full_name: Kimotho, James Kuria
  last_name: Kimotho
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: Kimotho JK, Sextro W. Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector
    Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation. <i>PAMM</i>. 2014;14(1):815-816.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388">10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>
  apa: Kimotho, J. K., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass
    Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation. <i>PAMM</i>, <i>14</i>(1),
    815–816. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Kimotho_Sextro_2014, title={Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass
    Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation}, volume={14}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388">10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>}, number={1},
    journal={PAMM}, publisher={WILEY-VCH Verlag}, author={Kimotho, James Kuria and
    Sextro, Walter}, year={2014}, pages={815–816} }'
  chicago: 'Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “Optimal Parameter Tuning for
    Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation.” <i>PAMM</i>
    14, no. 1 (2014): 815–16. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>.'
  ieee: J. K. Kimotho and W. Sextro, “Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support
    Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation,” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no.
    1, pp. 815–816, 2014.
  mla: Kimotho, James Kuria, and Walter Sextro. “Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass
    Support Vector Machines in Machinery Health State Estimation.” <i>PAMM</i>, vol.
    14, no. 1, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2014, pp. 815–16, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410388">10.1002/pamm.201410388</a>.
  short: J.K. Kimotho, W. Sextro, PAMM 14 (2014) 815–816.
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:14:17Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:15:00Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1002/pamm.201410388
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 815-816
publication: PAMM
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1617-7061
publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag
status: public
title: Optimal Parameter Tuning for Multiclass Support Vector Machines in Machinery
  Health State Estimation
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 14
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9882'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: An automotive suspension system represents one of the most complex and important
    systems in a passenger vehicle, which has to ensure a robust and optimized contact
    between the wheels and the road at any time. For improving a suspension system
    it is important to take an investigative look at the interaction between suspension,
    tire and road dynamics. Thus a part of a study into aspects of suspension modeling
    on multi-body simulations of rear multi-link suspension system dynamics with focus
    on the tire footprint area is presented in this work.
author:
- first_name: Sergej
  full_name: Kohl, Sergej
  last_name: Kohl
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Armin
  full_name: Zuber, Armin
  last_name: Zuber
citation:
  ama: Kohl S, Sextro W, Zuber A. Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics
    of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation. <i>PAMM</i>.
    2014;14(1):65-66. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020">10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>
  apa: Kohl, S., Sextro, W., &#38; Zuber, A. (2014). Tire footprint analysis depending
    on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics
    simulation. <i>PAMM</i>, <i>14</i>(1), 65–66. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Kohl_Sextro_Zuber_2014, title={Tire footprint analysis depending
    on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics
    simulation}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020">10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>},
    number={1}, journal={PAMM}, publisher={WILEY-VCH Verlag}, author={Kohl, Sergej
    and Sextro, Walter and Zuber, Armin}, year={2014}, pages={65–66} }'
  chicago: 'Kohl, Sergej, Walter Sextro, and Armin Zuber. “Tire Footprint Analysis
    Depending on the Elastokinematics of a Multi-Link Suspension System Using Multi-Body
    Dynamics Simulation.” <i>PAMM</i> 14, no. 1 (2014): 65–66. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>.'
  ieee: S. Kohl, W. Sextro, and A. Zuber, “Tire footprint analysis depending on the
    elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension system using multi-body dynamics simulation,”
    <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 65–66, 2014.
  mla: Kohl, Sergej, et al. “Tire Footprint Analysis Depending on the Elastokinematics
    of a Multi-Link Suspension System Using Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation.” <i>PAMM</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 1, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2014, pp. 65–66, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410020">10.1002/pamm.201410020</a>.
  short: S. Kohl, W. Sextro, A. Zuber, PAMM 14 (2014) 65–66.
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:15:27Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:16:20Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1002/pamm.201410020
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 65-66
publication: PAMM
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1617-7061
publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag
status: public
title: Tire footprint analysis depending on the elastokinematics of a multi-link suspension
  system using multi-body dynamics simulation
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 14
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9883'
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer, Tobias
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Claudia
  full_name: Priesterjahn, Claudia
  last_name: Priesterjahn
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Meyer T, Priesterjahn C, Sextro W. Conclusion and Outlook. In: Gausemeier
    J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W, eds. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing
    Mechatronic Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin
    Heidelberg; 2014:189-190. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>'
  apa: Meyer, T., Priesterjahn, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Conclusion and Outlook.
    In J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, &#38; W. Sextro (Eds.), <i>Dependability
    of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i> (pp. 189–190). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Meyer_Priesterjahn_Sextro_2014, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical
    Engineering}, title={Conclusion and Outlook}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>},
    booktitle={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, publisher={Springer
    Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Meyer, Tobias and Priesterjahn, Claudia and Sextro,
    Walter}, editor={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm
    and Sextro, WalterEditors}, year={2014}, pages={189–190}, collection={Lecture
    Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }'
  chicago: Meyer, Tobias, Claudia Priesterjahn, and Walter Sextro. “Conclusion and
    Outlook.” In <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited
    by Jürgen Gausemeier, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro,
    189–90. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>.
  ieee: T. Meyer, C. Priesterjahn, and W. Sextro, “Conclusion and Outlook,” in <i>Dependability
    of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W.
    Schäfer, and W. Sextro, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 189–190.
  mla: Meyer, Tobias, et al. “Conclusion and Outlook.” <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing
    Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg,
    2014, pp. 189–90, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5</a>.
  short: 'T. Meyer, C. Priesterjahn, W. Sextro, in: J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig,
    W. Schäfer, W. Sextro (Eds.), Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems,
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 189–190.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:16:42Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:17:43Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_5
editor:
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Gausemeier, Jürgen
  last_name: Gausemeier
- first_name: Franz
  full_name: Josef Rammig, Franz
  last_name: Josef Rammig
- first_name: Wilhelm
  full_name: Schäfer, Wilhelm
  last_name: Schäfer
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  last_name: Sextro
language:
- iso: eng
page: 189-190
publication: Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-642-53741-7
publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
series_title: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
status: public
title: Conclusion and Outlook
type: book_chapter
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9884'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: So-called reliability adaptive systems are able to adapt their system behavior
    based on the current reliability of the system. This allows them to react to changed
    operating conditions or faults within the system that change the degradation behavior.
    To implement such reliability adaptation, self-optimization can be used. A self-optimizing
    system pursues objectives, of which the priorities can be changed at runtime,
    in turn changing the system behavior. When including system reliability as an
    objective of the system, it becomes possible to change the system based on the
    current reliability as well. This capability can be used to control the reliability
    of the system throughout its operation period in order to achieve a pre-defined
    or user-selectable system lifetime. This way, optimal planning of maintenance
    intervals is possible while also using the system capabilities to their full extent.
    Our proposed control system makes it possible to react to changed degradation
    behavior by selecting objectives of the self-optimizing system and in turn changing
    the operating parameters in a closed loop. A two-stage controller is designed
    which is used to select the currently required priorities of the objectives in
    order to fulfill the desired usable lifetime. Investigations using a model of
    an automotive clutch system serve to demonstrate the feasibility of our controller.
    It is shown that the desired lifetime can be achieved reliably.
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer , Tobias
  last_name: 'Meyer '
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Meyer  T, Sextro W. Closed-loop Control System for the Reliability of Intelligent
    Mechatronic Systems. In: <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the
    Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>. Vol 5. ; 2014.'
  apa: Meyer , T., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Closed-loop Control System for the Reliability
    of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems. In <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference
    of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i> (Vol. 5).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Meyer _Sextro_2014, title={Closed-loop Control System for
    the Reliability of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems}, volume={5}, booktitle={Proceedings
    of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society
    2014}, author={Meyer , Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014} }'
  chicago: Meyer , Tobias, and Walter Sextro. “Closed-Loop Control System for the
    Reliability of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems.” In <i>Proceedings of the Second
    European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>,
    Vol. 5, 2014.
  ieee: T. Meyer  and W. Sextro, “Closed-loop Control System for the Reliability of
    Intelligent Mechatronic Systems,” in <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference
    of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>, 2014, vol. 5.
  mla: Meyer , Tobias, and Walter Sextro. “Closed-Loop Control System for the Reliability
    of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems.” <i>Proceedings of the Second European Conference
    of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014</i>, vol. 5, 2014.
  short: 'T. Meyer , W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of the Second European Conference
    of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2014, 2014.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:18:20Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:19:08Z
department:
- _id: '151'
intvolume: '         5'
keyword:
- self-optimization reliability adaptive
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Proceedings of the Second European Conference of the Prognostics and
  Health Management Society 2014
status: public
title: Closed-loop Control System for the Reliability of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
volume: 5
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9885'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Intelligent mechatronic systems, such as self-optimizing systems, allow an
    adaptation of the system behavior at runtime based on the current situation. To
    do so, they generally select among several pre-defined working points. A common
    method to determine working points for a mechatronic system is to use model-based
    multiobjective optimization. It allows finding compromises among conflicting objectives,
    called objective functions, by adapting parameters. To evaluate the system behavior
    for different parameter sets, a model of the system behavior is included in the
    objective functions and is evaluated during each function call. Intelligent mechatronic
    systems also have the ability to adapt their behavior based on their current reliability,
    thus increasing their availability, or on changed safety requirements; all of
    which are summed up by the common term dependability. To allow this adaptation,
    dependability can be considered in multiobjective optimization by including dependability-related
    objective functions. However, whereas performance-related objective functions
    are easily found, formulation of dependability-related objective functions is
    highly system-specific and not intuitive, making it complex and error-prone. Since
    each mechatronic system is different, individual failure modes have to be taken
    into account, which need to be found using common methods such as Failure-Modes
    and Effects Analysis or Fault Tree Analysis. Using component degradation models,
    which again are specific to the system at hand, the main loading factors can be
    determined. By including these in the model of the system behavior, the relation
    between working point and dependability can be formulated as an objective function.
    In our work, this approach is presented in more detail. It is exemplified using
    an actively actuated single plate dry clutch system. Results show that this approach
    is suitable for formulating dependability-related objective functions and that
    these can be used to extend system lifetime by adapting system behavior.
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer , Tobias
  last_name: 'Meyer '
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph
  last_name: Sondermann-Wölke
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: Meyer  T, Sondermann-Wölke C, Sextro W. Method to Identify Dependability Objectives
    in Multiobjective Optimization Problem. <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International
    Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>. 2014;15:46-53. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033">10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>
  apa: Meyer , T., Sondermann-Wölke, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Method to Identify
    Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem. <i>Conference
    Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>,
    <i>15</i>, 46–53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Meyer _Sondermann-Wölke_Sextro_2014, title={Method to Identify
    Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem}, volume={15},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033">10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>},
    journal={Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated
    Intelligence}, author={Meyer , Tobias and Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph and Sextro,
    Walter}, year={2014}, pages={46–53} }'
  chicago: 'Meyer , Tobias, Christoph Sondermann-Wölke, and Walter Sextro. “Method
    to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem.”
    <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated
    Intelligence</i> 15 (2014): 46–53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>.'
  ieee: T. Meyer , C. Sondermann-Wölke, and W. Sextro, “Method to Identify Dependability
    Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem,” <i>Conference Proceedings
    of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>, vol.
    15, pp. 46–53, 2014.
  mla: Meyer , Tobias, et al. “Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective
    Optimization Problem.” <i>Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference
    on System-Integrated Intelligence</i>, vol. 15, 2014, pp. 46–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033">10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033</a>.
  short: T. Meyer , C. Sondermann-Wölke, W. Sextro, Conference Proceedings of the
    2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence 15 (2014) 46–53.
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:19:37Z
date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:22:04Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2014.09.033
intvolume: '        15'
keyword:
- Self-optimization
- multiobjective optimization
- objective function
- dependability
- intelligent system
- behavior adaptation
language:
- iso: eng
page: 46-53
publication: Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated
  Intelligence
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization
  Problem
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 15
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9887'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A model to calculate the locally resolved tangential contact forces of the
    wheel rail contact with respect to contact kinematics, material and surface properties
    as well as temperature is introduced. The elasticity of wheel and rail is modeled
    as an elastic layer consisting of point contact elements connected by springs
    to each other and to the wheel. Each element has two degrees of freedom in tangential
    directions. The resulting total stiffness matrix is reduced to calculate only
    the position of the elements in contact. Friction forces as well as contact stiffnesses
    are incorporated by a nonlinear force-displacement characteristic, which originates
    from a detailed contact model. The contact elements are transported through the
    contact zone in discrete time steps. After each time step an equilibrium is calculated.
    For all elements, their temperature and its influence on local friction are regarded
    by calculating friction power and temperature each time step.
author:
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Neuhaus, Jan
  last_name: Neuhaus
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Neuhaus J, Sextro W. Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using
    Coupled Point Contact Elements. In: Liu GR, Guan ZW, eds. <i>Proceedings of the
    5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>. ScienTech Publisher;
    2014.'
  apa: Neuhaus, J., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail
    Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements. In G. R. Liu &#38; Z. W. Guan (Eds.),
    <i>Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods</i>.
    ScienTech Publisher.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Neuhaus_Sextro_2014, title={Thermo-Mechanical Model for
    Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact Elements}, booktitle={Proceedings
    of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods}, publisher={ScienTech
    Publisher}, author={Neuhaus, Jan and Sextro, Walter}, editor={Liu, G.R. and Guan,
    Z.W.Editors}, year={2014} }'
  chicago: Neuhaus, Jan, and Walter Sextro. “Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail
    Contact Using Coupled Point Contact Elements.” In <i>Proceedings of the 5th International
    Conference on Computational Methods</i>, edited by G.R. Liu and Z.W. Guan. ScienTech
    Publisher, 2014.
  ieee: J. Neuhaus and W. Sextro, “Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact
    using Coupled Point Contact Elements,” in <i>Proceedings of the 5th International
    Conference on Computational Methods</i>, 2014.
  mla: Neuhaus, Jan, and Walter Sextro. “Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact
    Using Coupled Point Contact Elements.” <i>Proceedings of the 5th International
    Conference on Computational Methods</i>, edited by G.R. Liu and Z.W. Guan, ScienTech
    Publisher, 2014.
  short: 'J. Neuhaus, W. Sextro, in: G.R. Liu, Z.W. Guan (Eds.), Proceedings of the
    5th International Conference on Computational Methods, ScienTech Publisher, 2014.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:23:02Z
date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:59:46Z
department:
- _id: '151'
editor:
- first_name: G.R.
  full_name: Liu, G.R.
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Z.W.
  full_name: Guan, Z.W.
  last_name: Guan
keyword:
- Rolling Contact
- Discrete Elements
- Contact Stiffness
- Temperature
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods
publisher: ScienTech Publisher
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Thermo-Mechanical Model for Wheel Rail Contact using Coupled Point Contact
  Elements
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9888'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper discusses the refinement of multibody models by integration of
    flexible bodies and by considering nonlinearities from contacts. It presents common
    approaches for contact modeling in multibody simulations and strategies to include
    flexible bodies. A contact model is implemented in the elastic multibody model.
    Experimental results show that significant effects of system dynamics can be modeled
    by use of a multibody model including elastic bodies and contacts.
author:
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Schulze, Sebastian
  last_name: Schulze
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Grüter, Frank
  last_name: Grüter
citation:
  ama: Schulze S, Sextro W, Grüter F. Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic
    Bodies in High-Frequency Applications. <i>PAMM</i>. 2014;14(1):39-40. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012">10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>
  apa: Schulze, S., Sextro, W., &#38; Grüter, F. (2014). Contact Modeling in Multibody
    Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications. <i>PAMM</i>, <i>14</i>(1),
    39–40. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schulze_Sextro_Grüter_2014, title={Contact Modeling in Multibody
    Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications}, volume={14}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012">10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>}, number={1},
    journal={PAMM}, publisher={WILEY-VCH Verlag}, author={Schulze, Sebastian and Sextro,
    Walter and Grüter, Frank}, year={2014}, pages={39–40} }'
  chicago: 'Schulze, Sebastian, Walter Sextro, and Frank Grüter. “Contact Modeling
    in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications.” <i>PAMM</i>
    14, no. 1 (2014): 39–40. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012">https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>.'
  ieee: S. Schulze, W. Sextro, and F. Grüter, “Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems
    with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency Applications,” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no.
    1, pp. 39–40, 2014.
  mla: Schulze, Sebastian, et al. “Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic
    Bodies in High-Frequency Applications.” <i>PAMM</i>, vol. 14, no. 1, WILEY-VCH
    Verlag, 2014, pp. 39–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410012">10.1002/pamm.201410012</a>.
  short: S. Schulze, W. Sextro, F. Grüter, PAMM 14 (2014) 39–40.
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:24:00Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:24:59Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1002/pamm.201410012
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 39-40
publication: PAMM
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1617-7061
publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag
status: public
title: Contact Modeling in Multibody Systems with Elastic Bodies in High-Frequency
  Applications
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 14
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9889'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A measurement method is presented that combines the advantages of the multisine
    measurement technique with a prediction method for peak bending behavior. This
    combination allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures
    at distinctly reduced measurement durations and has the advantage of reducing
    high excitation impacts on the structure under test.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Sprock, Christian
  last_name: Sprock
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Sprock C, Sextro W. Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting
    nonlinear peak bending. In: <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference
    (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>. ; 2014:320-324. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760">10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>'
  apa: Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures
    exhibiting nonlinear peak bending. In <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
    Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i> (pp. 320–324). <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760">https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Time-efficient dynamic analysis
    of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760">10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>},
    booktitle={Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings,
    2014 IEEE International}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014},
    pages={320–324} }'
  chicago: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Dynamic Analysis
    of Structures Exhibiting Nonlinear Peak Bending.” In <i>Instrumentation and Measurement
    Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>, 320–24,
    2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760">https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>.
  ieee: C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting
    nonlinear peak bending,” in <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference
    (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>, 2014, pp. 320–324.
  mla: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Dynamic Analysis of Structures
    Exhibiting Nonlinear Peak Bending.” <i>Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
    Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International</i>, 2014, pp. 320–24,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760">10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760</a>.
  short: 'C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference
    (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International, 2014, pp. 320–324.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:25:22Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:25:53Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860760
keyword:
- bending
- dynamic testing
- measurement
- structural engineering
- vibrations
- measurement durations
- mechanical structures
- multisine measurement technique
- nonlinear peak bending behavior
- prediction method
- time-efficient dynamic analysis
- Heuristic algorithms
- Nonlinear systems
- Oscillators
- Time measurement
- Time-frequency analysis
- Vibrations
language:
- iso: eng
page: 320-324
publication: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings,
  2014 IEEE International
status: public
title: Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9890'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Many nonlinear mechanical oscillators show excitation-dependent behavior.
    In this paper, a new measurement approach is presented to analyze such structures.
    The main advantage of the presented method is the high efﬁciency, since measurement
    duration and loads to the structure are signiﬁcantly reduced.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Sprock, Christian
  last_name: Sprock
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Sprock C, Sextro W. Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior.
    In: <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i>.
    ; 2014:293-294.'
  apa: Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic
    behavior. In <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr.
    1,</i> (pp. 293–294).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear
    dynamic behavior.}, booktitle={Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
    14 (2014), Nr. 1,}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, year={2014},
    pages={293–294} }'
  chicago: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear
    Dynamic Behavior.” In <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014),
    Nr. 1,</i> 293–94, 2014.
  ieee: C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior.,”
    in <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,</i> 2014,
    pp. 293–294.
  mla: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear
    Dynamic Behavior.” <i>Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014),
    Nr. 1,</i> 2014, pp. 293–94.
  short: 'C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
    14 (2014), Nr. 1, 2014, pp. 293–294.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:26:56Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:27:29Z
department:
- _id: '151'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 293-294
publication: Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 14 (2014), Nr. 1,
status: public
title: Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior.
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9891'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A measurement method is presented that combines the advantages of the multisine
    measurement technique with a prediction method for peak bending behavior. This
    combination allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures
    at distinctly reduced measurement durations and has the advantage of reducing
    high excitation impacts on the structure under test. After a brief presentation
    of the algorithm, the validity scope of the approach is investigated with emphasis
    on an exemplary error investigation.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Sprock, Christian
  last_name: Sprock
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Sprock C, Sextro W. Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior.
    In: <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration.
    2014</i>. ; 2014:1-8.'
  apa: Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak
    bending behavior. In <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise
    and Vibration. 2014</i> (pp. 1–8).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear
    peak bending behavior.}, booktitle={Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference
    of Noise and Vibration. 2014}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter},
    year={2014}, pages={1–8} }'
  chicago: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear
    Peak Bending Behavior.” In <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of
    Noise and Vibration. 2014</i>, 1–8, 2014.
  ieee: C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending
    behavior.,” in <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and
    Vibration. 2014</i>, 2014, pp. 1–8.
  mla: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Time-Efficient Analysis of Nonlinear
    Peak Bending Behavior.” <i>Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise
    and Vibration. 2014</i>, 2014, pp. 1–8.
  short: 'C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference
    of Noise and Vibration. 2014, 2014, pp. 1–8.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:26:57Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:28:24Z
department:
- _id: '151'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-8
publication: Proceedings of ISMA - International Conference of Noise and Vibration.
  2014
status: public
title: Time-efficient analysis of nonlinear peak bending behavior.
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9892'
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Sprock, Christian
  last_name: Sprock
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Sprock C, Sextro W. Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine
    Excitation Techniques. In: <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014</i>.
    ; 2014.'
  apa: Sprock, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2014). Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures
    using Multisine Excitation Techniques. In <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria
    Symposium. 2014</i>.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Sprock_Sextro_2014, title={Vibration Analysis of Mechanical
    Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques}, booktitle={Proceedings of 31st
    Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014}, author={Sprock, Christian and Sextro, Walter},
    year={2014} }'
  chicago: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Vibration Analysis of Mechanical
    Structures Using Multisine Excitation Techniques.” In <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria
    Symposium. 2014</i>, 2014.
  ieee: C. Sprock and W. Sextro, “Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using
    Multisine Excitation Techniques,” in <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium.
    2014</i>, 2014.
  mla: Sprock, Christian, and Walter Sextro. “Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures
    Using Multisine Excitation Techniques.” <i>Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium.
    2014</i>, 2014.
  short: 'C. Sprock, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014,
    2014.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:26:59Z
date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:56:34Z
department:
- _id: '151'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Proceedings of 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium. 2014
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Structures using Multisine Excitation Techniques
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9893'
author:
- first_name: Ansgar
  full_name: Trächtler, Ansgar
  last_name: Trächtler
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hölscher, Christian
  last_name: Hölscher
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Rasche, Christoph
  last_name: Rasche
- first_name: Claudia
  full_name: Priesterjahn, Claudia
  last_name: Priesterjahn
- first_name: Detmar
  full_name: Zimmer, Detmar
  last_name: Zimmer
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Henning Keßler, Jan
  last_name: Henning Keßler
- first_name: Katharin
  full_name: Stahl, Katharin
  last_name: Stahl
- first_name: Kathrin
  full_name: Flaßkamp, Kathrin
  last_name: Flaßkamp
- first_name: Mareen
  full_name: Vaßholz, Mareen
  last_name: Vaßholz
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Krüger, Martin
  last_name: Krüger
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Dellnitz, Michael
  last_name: Dellnitz
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Iwanek, Peter
  last_name: Iwanek
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Reinold, Peter
  last_name: Reinold
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Hartmann, Philip
  last_name: Hartmann
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer, Tobias
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Trächtler A, Hölscher C, Rasche C, et al. Introduction to Self-optimization
    and Dependability. In: Gausemeier J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W, eds.
    <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in
    Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014:1-24. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>'
  apa: Trächtler, A., Hölscher, C., Rasche, C., Priesterjahn, C., Zimmer, D., Henning
    Keßler, J., … Sextro, W. (2014). Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability.
    In J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, &#38; W. Sextro (Eds.), <i>Dependability
    of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i> (pp. 1–24). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Trächtler_Hölscher_Rasche_Priesterjahn_Zimmer_Henning Keßler_Stahl_Flaßkamp_Vaßholz_Krüger_et
    al._2014, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Introduction
    to Self-optimization and Dependability}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>},
    booktitle={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, publisher={Springer
    Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Trächtler, Ansgar and Hölscher, Christian and Rasche,
    Christoph and Priesterjahn, Claudia and Zimmer, Detmar and Henning Keßler, Jan
    and Stahl, Katharin and Flaßkamp, Kathrin and Vaßholz, Mareen and Krüger, Martin
    and et al.}, editor={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer, Wilhelm
    and Sextro, WalterEditors}, year={2014}, pages={1–24}, collection={Lecture Notes
    in Mechanical Engineering} }'
  chicago: Trächtler, Ansgar, Christian Hölscher, Christoph Rasche, Claudia Priesterjahn,
    Detmar Zimmer, Jan Henning Keßler, Katharin Stahl, et al. “Introduction to Self-Optimization
    and Dependability.” In <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>,
    edited by Jürgen Gausemeier, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro,
    1–24. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>.
  ieee: A. Trächtler <i>et al.</i>, “Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability,”
    in <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, J. Gausemeier,
    F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, and W. Sextro, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014,
    pp. 1–24.
  mla: Trächtler, Ansgar, et al. “Introduction to Self-Optimization and Dependability.”
    <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen
    Gausemeier et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–24, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1</a>.
  short: 'A. Trächtler, C. Hölscher, C. Rasche, C. Priesterjahn, D. Zimmer, J. Henning
    Keßler, K. Stahl, K. Flaßkamp, M. Vaßholz, M. Krüger, M. Dellnitz, P. Iwanek,
    P. Reinold, P. Hartmann, T. Meyer, W. Sextro, in: J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig,
    W. Schäfer, W. Sextro (Eds.), Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems,
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 1–24.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:29:24Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:32:38Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_1
editor:
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Gausemeier, Jürgen
  last_name: Gausemeier
- first_name: Franz
  full_name: Josef Rammig, Franz
  last_name: Josef Rammig
- first_name: Wilhelm
  full_name: Schäfer, Wilhelm
  last_name: Schäfer
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  last_name: Sextro
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-24
publication: Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-642-53741-7
publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
series_title: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
status: public
title: Introduction to Self-optimization and Dependability
type: book_chapter
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9894'
author:
- first_name: Ansgar
  full_name: Trächtler, Ansgar
  last_name: Trächtler
- first_name: Bernd
  full_name: Kleinjohann, Bernd
  last_name: Kleinjohann
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Heinzemann, Christian
  last_name: Heinzemann
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Rasche, Christoph
  last_name: Rasche
- first_name: Claudia
  full_name: Priesterjahn, Claudia
  last_name: Priesterjahn
- first_name: Dominik
  full_name: Steenken, Dominik
  last_name: Steenken
- first_name: Heike
  full_name: Wehrheim, Heike
  last_name: Wehrheim
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Gausemeier, Jürgen
  last_name: Gausemeier
- first_name: Kathrin
  full_name: Flaßkamp, Kathrin
  last_name: Flaßkamp
- first_name: Lisa
  full_name: Kleinjohann, Lisa
  last_name: Kleinjohann
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Krüger, Martin
  last_name: Krüger
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Iwanek, Peter
  last_name: Iwanek
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Hartmann, Philip
  last_name: Hartmann
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Dorociak, Rafal
  last_name: Dorociak
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Groesbrink, Stefan
  last_name: Groesbrink
- first_name: Steffen
  full_name: Ziegert, Steffen
  last_name: Ziegert
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer, Tobias
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Wilhelm
  full_name: Schäfer, Wilhelm
  last_name: Schäfer
citation:
  ama: 'Trächtler A, Kleinjohann B, Heinzemann C, et al. Case Study. In: Gausemeier
    J, Josef Rammig F, Schäfer W, Sextro W, eds. <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing
    Mechatronic Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin
    Heidelberg; 2014:173-188. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>'
  apa: Trächtler, A., Kleinjohann, B., Heinzemann, C., Rasche, C., Priesterjahn, C.,
    Steenken, D., … Schäfer, W. (2014). Case Study. In J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig,
    W. Schäfer, &#38; W. Sextro (Eds.), <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic
    Systems</i> (pp. 173–188). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Trächtler_Kleinjohann_Heinzemann_Rasche_Priesterjahn_Steenken_Wehrheim_Gausemeier_Flaßkamp_Kleinjohann_et
    al._2014, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Case Study},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>},
    booktitle={Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems}, publisher={Springer
    Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Trächtler, Ansgar and Kleinjohann, Bernd and Heinzemann,
    Christian and Rasche, Christoph and Priesterjahn, Claudia and Steenken, Dominik
    and Wehrheim, Heike and Gausemeier, Jürgen and Flaßkamp, Kathrin and Kleinjohann,
    Lisa and et al.}, editor={Gausemeier, Jürgen and Josef Rammig, Franz and Schäfer,
    Wilhelm and Sextro, WalterEditors}, year={2014}, pages={173–188}, collection={Lecture
    Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }'
  chicago: Trächtler, Ansgar, Bernd Kleinjohann, Christian Heinzemann, Christoph Rasche,
    Claudia Priesterjahn, Dominik Steenken, Heike Wehrheim, et al. “Case Study.” In
    <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen
    Gausemeier, Franz Josef Rammig, Wilhelm Schäfer, and Walter Sextro, 173–88. Lecture
    Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>.
  ieee: A. Trächtler <i>et al.</i>, “Case Study,” in <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing
    Mechatronic Systems</i>, J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, and W. Sextro,
    Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 173–188.
  mla: Trächtler, Ansgar, et al. “Case Study.” <i>Dependability of Self-Optimizing
    Mechatronic Systems</i>, edited by Jürgen Gausemeier et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg,
    2014, pp. 173–88, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4">10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4</a>.
  short: 'A. Trächtler, B. Kleinjohann, C. Heinzemann, C. Rasche, C. Priesterjahn,
    D. Steenken, H. Wehrheim, J. Gausemeier, K. Flaßkamp, L. Kleinjohann, M. Krüger,
    P. Iwanek, P. Hartmann, R. Dorociak, S. Groesbrink, S. Ziegert, T. Meyer, W. Sextro,
    W. Schäfer, in: J. Gausemeier, F. Josef Rammig, W. Schäfer, W. Sextro (Eds.),
    Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg,
    2014, pp. 173–188.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:29:25Z
date_updated: 2019-05-20T13:34:38Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-53742-4_4
editor:
- first_name: Jürgen
  full_name: Gausemeier, Jürgen
  last_name: Gausemeier
- first_name: Franz
  full_name: Josef Rammig, Franz
  last_name: Josef Rammig
- first_name: Wilhelm
  full_name: Schäfer, Wilhelm
  last_name: Schäfer
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  last_name: Sextro
language:
- iso: eng
page: 173-188
publication: Dependability of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-642-53741-7
publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
series_title: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
status: public
title: Case Study
type: book_chapter
user_id: '55222'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9895'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Power semiconductor modules are used to control and switch high electrical
    currents and voltages. Within the power module package wire bonding is used as
    an interconnection technology. In recent years, aluminum wire has been used preferably,
    but an ever-growing market of powerful and efficient power modules requires a
    material with better mechanical and electrical properties. For this reason, a
    technology change from aluminum to copper is indispensable. However, the copper
    wire bonding process reacts more sensitive to parameter changes. This makes manufacturing
    reliable copper bond connections a challenging task. The aim of the BMBF funded
    project Itsowl-InCuB is the development of self-optimizing techniques to enable
    the reliable production of copper bond connections under varying conditions. A
    model of the process is essential to achieve this aim. This model needs to include
    the dynamic elasto-plastic deformation, the ultrasonic softening effect and the
    proceeding adhesion between wire and substrate. This paper focusses on the pre-deformation
    process. In the touchdown phase, the wire is pressed into the V-groove of the
    tool and a small initial contact area between wire and substrate arise. The local
    characteristics of the material change abruptly because of the cold forming. Consequently,
    the pre-deformation has a strong effect on the joining process. In [1], a pre-cleaning
    effect during the touchdown process of aluminum wires by cracking of oxide layers
    was presented. These interactions of the process parameters are still largely
    unknown for copper. In a first step, this paper validates the importance of modeling
    the pre-deformation by showing its impact on the wire deformation characteristic
    experimentally. Creating cross-section views of pre-deformed copper wires has
    shown a low deformation degree compared to aluminum. By using a digital microscope
    and a scanning confocal microscope an analysis about the contact areas and penetration
    depths after touchdown has been made. Additionally, it has to be taken into account
    that the dynamical touchdown force depends on the touchdown speed and the touchdown
    force set in the bonding machine. In order to measure the overshoot in the force
    signals, a strain gauge sensor has been used. Subsequently, the affecting factors
    have been interpreted independently Furthermore, the material properties of copper
    wire have been investigated with tensile tests and hardness measurements. In a
    second step, the paper presents finite element models of the touchdown process
    for source and destination bonds. These models take the measured overshoot in
    the touchdown forces into account. A multi-linear, isotropic material model has
    been selected to map the material properties of the copper. A validation of the
    model with the experimental determined contact areas, normal pressures and penetration
    depths reveals the high model quality. Thus, the simulation is able to calculate
    and visualize the three dimensional pre-deformation with an integrated material
    parameter of the wire if the touchdown parameters of the bonding machine are known.
    Based on the calculated deformation degrees of wire and substrate, it is probably
    possible to investigate the effect of the pre-deformation on the pre-cleaning
    phase in the copper wire bonding.
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Unger, Andreas
  last_name: Unger
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Althoff, Simon
  last_name: Althoff
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Eichwald, Paul
  last_name: Eichwald
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer, Tobias
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Eacock, Florian
  last_name: Eacock
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Brökelmann, Michael
  last_name: Brökelmann
citation:
  ama: 'Unger A, Sextro W, Althoff S, et al. Experimental and Numerical Simulation
    Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds. In: <i>Proceedings of the
    47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>. San Diego, CA, US;
    2014:289-294.'
  apa: Unger, A., Sextro, W., Althoff, S., Eichwald, P., Meyer, T., Eacock, F., &#38;
    Brökelmann, M. (2014). Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed
    Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds. In <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium
    on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i> (pp. 289–294). San Diego, CA, US.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Unger_Sextro_Althoff_Eichwald_Meyer_Eacock_Brökelmann_2014,
    place={San Diego, CA, US}, title={Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study
    of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds}, booktitle={Proceedings of the
    47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)}, author={Unger, Andreas
    and Sextro, Walter and Althoff, Simon and Eichwald, Paul and Meyer, Tobias and
    Eacock, Florian and Brökelmann, Michael}, year={2014}, pages={289–294} }'
  chicago: Unger, Andreas, Walter Sextro, Simon Althoff, Paul Eichwald, Tobias Meyer,
    Florian Eacock, and Michael Brökelmann. “Experimental and Numerical Simulation
    Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds.” In <i>Proceedings of the
    47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>, 289–94. San Diego,
    CA, US, 2014.
  ieee: A. Unger <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed
    Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds,” in <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium
    on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>, 2014, pp. 289–294.
  mla: Unger, Andreas, et al. “Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed
    Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonds.” <i>Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium
    on Microelectronics (IMAPS)</i>, 2014, pp. 289–94.
  short: 'A. Unger, W. Sextro, S. Althoff, P. Eichwald, T. Meyer, F. Eacock, M. Brökelmann,
    in: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS),
    San Diego, CA, US, 2014, pp. 289–294.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:35:09Z
date_updated: 2020-05-07T05:33:47Z
department:
- _id: '151'
keyword:
- pre-deformation
- copper wire bonding
- finite element model
language:
- iso: eng
page: 289-294
place: San Diego, CA, US
project:
- _id: '92'
  grant_number: 02 PQ2210
  name: Intelligente Herstellung zuverlässiger Kupferbondverbindungen
publication: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (IMAPS)
status: public
title: Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of Pre-Deformed Heavy Copper Wire
  Wedge Bonds
type: conference
user_id: '210'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9896'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In power electronics, ultrasonic wire bonding is used to connect the electrical
    terminals of power modules. To implement a self-optimization technique for ultrasonic
    wire bonding machines, a model of the process is essential. This model needs to
    include the so called ultrasonic softening effect. It is a key effect within the
    wire bonding process primarily enabling the robust interconnection between the
    wire and a substrate. However, the physical modeling of the ultrasonic softening
    effect is notoriously difficult because of its highly non-linear character and
    the absence of a proper measurement method. In a first step, this paper validates
    the importance of modeling the ultrasonic softening by showing its impact on the
    wire deformation characteristic experimentally. In a second step, the paper presents
    a data-driven model of the ultrasonic softening effect which is constructed from
    data using machine learning techniques. A typical caveat of data-driven modeling
    is the need for training data that cover the considered domain of process parameters
    in order to achieve accurate generalization of the trained model to new process
    configurations. In practice, however, the space of process parameters can only
    be sampled sparsely. In this paper, a novel technique is applied which enables
    the integration of prior knowledge about the process into the datadriven modeling
    process. It turns out that this approach results in accurate generalization of
    the data-driven model to unseen process parameters from sparse data.
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Unger, Andreas
  last_name: Unger
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Althoff, Simon
  last_name: Althoff
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Meyer, Tobias
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Brökelmann, Michael
  last_name: Brökelmann
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Neumann, Klaus
  last_name: Neumann
- first_name: René Felix
  full_name: Reimann, René Felix
  last_name: Reimann
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Guth, Karsten
  last_name: Guth
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bolowski, Daniel
  last_name: Bolowski
citation:
  ama: 'Unger A, Sextro W, Althoff S, et al. Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic
    Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding. In: <i>Proceedings of 8th International
    Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>. Vol 141. ; 2014:175-180.'
  apa: Unger, A., Sextro, W., Althoff, S., Meyer, T., Brökelmann, M., Neumann, K.,
    … Bolowski, D. (2014). Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect
    for Robust Copper Wire Bonding. In <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference
    on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i> (Vol. 141, pp. 175–180).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Unger_Sextro_Althoff_Meyer_Brökelmann_Neumann_Reimann_Guth_Bolowski_2014,
    title={Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper
    Wire Bonding}, volume={141}, booktitle={Proceedings of 8th International Conference
    on Integrated Power Electronic Systems}, author={Unger, Andreas and Sextro, Walter
    and Althoff, Simon and Meyer, Tobias and Brökelmann, Michael and Neumann, Klaus
    and Reimann, René Felix and Guth, Karsten and Bolowski, Daniel}, year={2014},
    pages={175–180} }'
  chicago: Unger, Andreas, Walter Sextro, Simon Althoff, Tobias Meyer, Michael Brökelmann,
    Klaus Neumann, René Felix Reimann, Karsten Guth, and Daniel Bolowski. “Data-Driven
    Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding.” In
    <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic
    Systems</i>, 141:175–80, 2014.
  ieee: A. Unger <i>et al.</i>, “Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening
    Effect for Robust Copper Wire Bonding,” in <i>Proceedings of 8th International
    Conference on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>, 2014, vol. 141, pp. 175–180.
  mla: Unger, Andreas, et al. “Data-Driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect
    for Robust Copper Wire Bonding.” <i>Proceedings of 8th International Conference
    on Integrated Power Electronic Systems</i>, vol. 141, 2014, pp. 175–80.
  short: 'A. Unger, W. Sextro, S. Althoff, T. Meyer, M. Brökelmann, K. Neumann, R.F.
    Reimann, K. Guth, D. Bolowski, in: Proceedings of 8th International Conference
    on Integrated Power Electronic Systems, 2014, pp. 175–180.'
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:38:10Z
date_updated: 2020-05-07T05:33:47Z
department:
- _id: '151'
intvolume: '       141'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 175-180
project:
- _id: '92'
  grant_number: 02 PQ2210
  name: Intelligente Herstellung zuverlässiger Kupferbondverbindungen
publication: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronic
  Systems
status: public
title: Data-driven Modeling of the Ultrasonic Softening Effect for Robust Copper Wire
  Bonding
type: conference
user_id: '210'
volume: 141
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '15966'
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Niendorf, Thomas
  last_name: Niendorf
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Leuders, Stefan
  last_name: Leuders
- first_name: Andre
  full_name: Riemer, Andre
  last_name: Riemer
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Brenne, Florian
  last_name: Brenne
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Tröster, Thomas
  id: '553'
  last_name: Tröster
- first_name: Hans Albert
  full_name: Richard, Hans Albert
  last_name: Richard
- first_name: Dieter
  full_name: Schwarze, Dieter
  last_name: Schwarze
citation:
  ama: Niendorf T, Leuders S, Riemer A, et al. Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained
    by Additive Manufacturing. <i>Advanced Engineering Materials</i>. 2014:857-861.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579">10.1002/adem.201300579</a>
  apa: Niendorf, T., Leuders, S., Riemer, A., Brenne, F., Tröster, T., Richard, H.
    A., &#38; Schwarze, D. (2014). Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive
    Manufacturing. <i>Advanced Engineering Materials</i>, 857–861. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579">https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Niendorf_Leuders_Riemer_Brenne_Tröster_Richard_Schwarze_2014,
    title={Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive Manufacturing}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579">10.1002/adem.201300579</a>}, journal={Advanced
    Engineering Materials}, author={Niendorf, Thomas and Leuders, Stefan and Riemer,
    Andre and Brenne, Florian and Tröster, Thomas and Richard, Hans Albert and Schwarze,
    Dieter}, year={2014}, pages={857–861} }'
  chicago: Niendorf, Thomas, Stefan Leuders, Andre Riemer, Florian Brenne, Thomas
    Tröster, Hans Albert Richard, and Dieter Schwarze. “Functionally Graded Alloys
    Obtained by Additive Manufacturing.” <i>Advanced Engineering Materials</i>, 2014,
    857–61. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579">https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579</a>.
  ieee: T. Niendorf <i>et al.</i>, “Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive
    Manufacturing,” <i>Advanced Engineering Materials</i>, pp. 857–861, 2014.
  mla: Niendorf, Thomas, et al. “Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive Manufacturing.”
    <i>Advanced Engineering Materials</i>, 2014, pp. 857–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300579">10.1002/adem.201300579</a>.
  short: T. Niendorf, S. Leuders, A. Riemer, F. Brenne, T. Tröster, H.A. Richard,
    D. Schwarze, Advanced Engineering Materials (2014) 857–861.
date_created: 2020-02-21T14:41:20Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:52:41Z
department:
- _id: '9'
- _id: '321'
- _id: '149'
doi: 10.1002/adem.201300579
language:
- iso: eng
page: 857-861
publication: Advanced Engineering Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1438-1656
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive Manufacturing
type: journal_article
user_id: '72008'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '15967'
author:
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Riemer, A.
  last_name: Riemer
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Leuders, S.
  last_name: Leuders
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Thöne, M.
  last_name: Thöne
- first_name: H.A.
  full_name: Richard, H.A.
  last_name: Richard
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Tröster, Thomas
  id: '553'
  last_name: Tröster
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Niendorf, T.
  last_name: Niendorf
citation:
  ama: Riemer A, Leuders S, Thöne M, Richard HA, Tröster T, Niendorf T. On the fatigue
    crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser
    melting. <i>Engineering Fracture Mechanics</i>. 2014:15-25. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008">10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008</a>
  apa: Riemer, A., Leuders, S., Thöne, M., Richard, H. A., Tröster, T., &#38; Niendorf,
    T. (2014). On the fatigue crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured
    by selective laser melting. <i>Engineering Fracture Mechanics</i>, 15–25. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Riemer_Leuders_Thöne_Richard_Tröster_Niendorf_2014, title={On
    the fatigue crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective
    laser melting}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008">10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008</a>},
    journal={Engineering Fracture Mechanics}, author={Riemer, A. and Leuders, S. and
    Thöne, M. and Richard, H.A. and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, T.}, year={2014},
    pages={15–25} }'
  chicago: Riemer, A., S. Leuders, M. Thöne, H.A. Richard, Thomas Tröster, and T.
    Niendorf. “On the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured
    by Selective Laser Melting.” <i>Engineering Fracture Mechanics</i>, 2014, 15–25.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008</a>.
  ieee: A. Riemer, S. Leuders, M. Thöne, H. A. Richard, T. Tröster, and T. Niendorf,
    “On the fatigue crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured by
    selective laser melting,” <i>Engineering Fracture Mechanics</i>, pp. 15–25, 2014.
  mla: Riemer, A., et al. “On the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in 316L Stainless
    Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting.” <i>Engineering Fracture Mechanics</i>,
    2014, pp. 15–25, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008">10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008</a>.
  short: A. Riemer, S. Leuders, M. Thöne, H.A. Richard, T. Tröster, T. Niendorf, Engineering
    Fracture Mechanics (2014) 15–25.
date_created: 2020-02-21T14:41:54Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:52:41Z
department:
- _id: '9'
- _id: '321'
- _id: '149'
doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008
language:
- iso: eng
page: 15-25
publication: Engineering Fracture Mechanics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-7944
publication_status: published
status: public
title: On the fatigue crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured by
  selective laser melting
type: journal_article
user_id: '72008'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '16097'
author:
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Klein, M.
  last_name: Klein
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Hülsbusch, D.
  last_name: Hülsbusch
- first_name: F.
  full_name: Walther, F.
  last_name: Walther
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Bartsch, M.
  last_name: Bartsch
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Hausmann, J.
  last_name: Hausmann
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Frantz, M.
  last_name: Frantz
- first_name: C.
  full_name: Lauter, C.
  last_name: Lauter
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Tröster, Thomas
  id: '553'
  last_name: Tröster
citation:
  ama: 'Klein M, Hülsbusch D, Walther F, et al. Characterization of the corrosion
    influence on the fatigue behavior of intrinsic CFRP-steel-hybrids. In: ; 2014:188-193.'
  apa: 'Klein, M., Hülsbusch, D., Walther, F., Bartsch, M., Hausmann, J., Frantz,
    M., … Tröster, T. (2014). Characterization of the corrosion influence on the fatigue
    behavior of intrinsic CFRP-steel-hybrids (pp. 188–193). Presented at the International
    Conference: Euro Hybrid Materials and Structures, Stade.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Klein_Hülsbusch_Walther_Bartsch_Hausmann_Frantz_Lauter_Tröster_2014,
    title={Characterization of the corrosion influence on the fatigue behavior of
    intrinsic CFRP-steel-hybrids}, author={Klein, M. and Hülsbusch, D. and Walther,
    F. and Bartsch, M. and Hausmann, J. and Frantz, M. and Lauter, C. and Tröster,
    Thomas}, year={2014}, pages={188–193} }'
  chicago: Klein, M., D. Hülsbusch, F. Walther, M. Bartsch, J. Hausmann, M. Frantz,
    C. Lauter, and Thomas Tröster. “Characterization of the Corrosion Influence on
    the Fatigue Behavior of Intrinsic CFRP-Steel-Hybrids,” 188–93, 2014.
  ieee: 'M. Klein <i>et al.</i>, “Characterization of the corrosion influence on the
    fatigue behavior of intrinsic CFRP-steel-hybrids,” presented at the International
    Conference: Euro Hybrid Materials and Structures, Stade, 2014, pp. 188–193.'
  mla: Klein, M., et al. <i>Characterization of the Corrosion Influence on the Fatigue
    Behavior of Intrinsic CFRP-Steel-Hybrids</i>. 2014, pp. 188–93.
  short: 'M. Klein, D. Hülsbusch, F. Walther, M. Bartsch, J. Hausmann, M. Frantz,
    C. Lauter, T. Tröster, in: 2014, pp. 188–193.'
conference:
  end_date: 2014-04-11
  location: Stade
  name: 'International Conference: Euro Hybrid Materials and Structures'
  start_date: 2014-04-10
date_created: 2020-02-26T09:41:20Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:52:43Z
department:
- _id: '9'
- _id: '321'
- _id: '149'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 188-193
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-88355-402-0
status: public
title: Characterization of the corrosion influence on the fatigue behavior of intrinsic
  CFRP-steel-hybrids
type: conference
user_id: '72008'
year: '2014'
...
