@article{60530,
  author       = {{Grimminger-Seidensticker, Elke and ComeNet 5, Autorengruppe }},
  journal      = {{sportunterricht}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{250 -- 253}},
  title        = {{{Körperbilder und Social Media im Sportunterricht. Herausforderungen und Chancen für Lehrkräfte}}},
  doi          = {{10.30426/SU-2025-06-2}},
  volume       = {{74}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60552,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The incorporation of heteroatoms into the framework of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular of nitrogen to yield polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs), has been proposed for both astronomical and combustion environments, but no suitable precursors and pathways have been found. Analogous pathways to PAH formation are kinetically or energetically inhibited in the presence of a nitrogen heteroatom. We report on the reaction of phenylnitrene (<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>PhN, <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>‐C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>N) with resonance‐stabilized propargyl radicals (C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) and find that the association reaction bifurcates depending on the orientation of the attacking propargyl radical and yields multiple isomeric products. Among them, we identify the condensed‐ring quinoline and conclude that nitrenes are viable candidates to drive the formation of PANHs.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Arns, Rahel and McClish, Rory and Hemberger, Patrick and Bodi, Andras and Bouwman, Jordy and Kasper, Tina and Schleier, Domenik}},
  issn         = {{1433-7851}},
  journal      = {{Angewandte Chemie International Edition}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/anie.202503940}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60551,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The incorporation of heteroatoms into the framework of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular of nitrogen to yield polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs), has been proposed for both astronomical and combustion environments, but no suitable precursors and pathways have been found. Analogous pathways to PAH formation are kinetically or energetically inhibited in the presence of a nitrogen heteroatom. We report on the reaction of phenylnitrene (<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>PhN, <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>‐C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>N) with resonance‐stabilized propargyl radicals (C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) and find that the association reaction bifurcates depending on the orientation of the attacking propargyl radical and yields multiple isomeric products. Among them, we identify the condensed‐ring quinoline and conclude that nitrenes are viable candidates to drive the formation of PANHs.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Arns, Rahel and McClish, Rory and Hemberger, Patrick and Bodi, Andras and Bouwman, Jordy and Kasper, Tina and Schleier, Domenik}},
  issn         = {{1433-7851}},
  journal      = {{Angewandte Chemie International Edition}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Is Phenylnitrene a Missing Link in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles?}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/anie.202503940}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{60578,
  author       = {{Elit, Stefan}},
  publisher    = {{LibreCat University}},
  title        = {{{Komische Fluchten aus der „Deutschen Chronik“ oder (Selbst-)Archivierung der 1980er Jahre?}}},
  doi          = {{10.17619/UNIPB/1-2348}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{58642,
  abstract     = {{We present a cost-effective self-assembly method to fabricate low-density dimer NPs in an NPoM architecture, using the M13 phage as a spacer layer. This will enable the development of dynamic plasmonic devices and advanced sensing applications.}},
  author       = {{Devaraj, Vasanthan and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Lee, Jong-Min and Oh, Jin-Woo and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Zentgraf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2055-6756}},
  journal      = {{Nanoscale Horizons}},
  pages        = {{537--548}},
  publisher    = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}},
  title        = {{{Self-assembly of isolated plasmonic dimers with sub-5 nm gaps on a metallic mirror}}},
  doi          = {{10.1039/d4nh00546e}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{37722,
  author       = {{Öhlschläger, Claudia}},
  booktitle    = {{Grundthemen der Literaturwissenschaft: Weltliteratur. }},
  editor       = {{Borsò, Vittorià  and Schahadat, Schamma}},
  pages        = {{361--374}},
  publisher    = {{De Gruyter}},
  title        = {{{Literaturen vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert (thematische, ästhetische, mediale Transformationen hin zu einer technologisch aufgerüsteten Weltkommunikation)}}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{58895,
  author       = {{Rezat, Sara and Kilsbach, Sebastian and Michel, Nadine and Karabey, Rabia and Stahl, Maja and Wachsmuth, Henning }},
  journal      = {{Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik}},
  number       = {{82}},
  pages        = {{1--28}},
  publisher    = {{de Gruyter}},
  title        = {{{Mehrebenenannotation argumentativer Lerner*innentexte für die automatische Textauswertung}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1515/zfal-2025-2003}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{60742,
  abstract     = {{Das Museum der Unschuld in Istanbul präsentiert Dinge, die im gleichnamigen Roman Orhan Pamuks eine Rolle spielen. Damit bietet es eine seltene Gelegenheit, die vielfältigen Verknüpfungen zwischen Realität und Fiktion an realen Objekten zu erleben, denen eine ‚ontologische Ambiguität‘ eigen ist, da sie fiktiven Personen zuzuordnen sind. Was sie transportieren, sind die Stimmungen der Romankapitel. In oft surreal anmutenden Kombinationen sind die Exponate in Dioramen ausgestellt und wären als Illustration des Romans völlig missverstanden, da sie in ihrer oft eigenwilligen Kombination eine eigene ‚Sprache der Dinge‘ entwickeln. Schüler:innen können am Beispiel des Museums die metaphysische Energie der Dinge erleben, durch die diese auf vergangene Situationen verweisen und so ein Speicher individueller und kollektiver Erinnerung sind. Die ästhetische Dimension der Stimmung ermöglicht es in unterschiedlichen Unterrichtssettings, transmedial die Aussagewerte verschiedener Medien zu erproben und diese miteinander in einen assoziativen Dialog zu bringen.}},
  author       = {{Schulte Eickholt, Swen}},
  booktitle    = {{Literaturausstellungen und Vermittlung. Transdisziplinäre Perspektiven}},
  editor       = {{Bernhardt, Sebastian }},
  isbn         = {{9783732911752}},
  pages        = {{271--299}},
  title        = {{{Fiktionale Wirklichkeiten oder wirkliche Fiktionen? Orhan Pamuks Museum der Unschuld als transmedialer Lernort}}},
  volume       = {{Band 14}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{60743,
  abstract     = {{Die Immanenz, das Gefühl einer Einheit mit allem Sein, wird in Euripides' Backchen, Kleists Penthesilea und James Camerons Film Avatar unterschiedlich thematisiert. Euripides' Tragödie betont die Ambivalenz und Fremdheit der Natur, während Kleist den Konflikt, als Kulturwesen Einheit mit der Natur zu erfahren, in den Menschen verlagert. Camerons Film Avatar befriedigt die Sehnsucht nach der Immanenz virtuell, ohne den Schrecken des Todes und die Inkommensurabilität des Seins.
Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Immanenz in den Werken zwar als Einheit mit der Natur inszeniert wird, diese jedoch durch die menschliche Ordnung der Zeichen gestört wird. Die Sehnsucht nach der Immanenz bleibt ein grundlegendes Thema in der Kunst und Literatur, da sie die Frage nach der Beziehung zwischen dem Menschen und der Natur aufwirft.}},
  author       = {{Schulte Eickholt, Swen}},
  booktitle    = {{Deutsche Griechenland-Diskurse und Griechisch-Deutscher Kulturtransfer}},
  editor       = {{Anastasia , Antonopoulou and Michael, Hofmann and Theano , Traka}},
  pages        = {{45--66}},
  publisher    = {{Königshausen und Neumann}},
  title        = {{{Euripides, Kleist und James Camerons Avatar. Das Drama der Immanenz}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{60073,
  author       = {{Elit, Stefan}},
  booktitle    = {{Arbitrium}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{237--241}},
  publisher    = {{de Gruyter}},
  title        = {{{[Rezension zu:] Clara Fischer, Experimentierfeld Versepos (1918‒1933). Mit Studien zu Thomas Mann und Alfred Döblin. Wallstein, Göttingen 2024}}},
  doi          = {{10.1515/arb-2025-0045}},
  volume       = {{43}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60004,
  abstract     = {{Process mining has been established as a data-driven approach to analyze and improve business processes based on event data documented in event logs. A core assumption for meaningful analyses is that event data accurately represent the real-world execution of business processes in an organization. However, anecdotal evidence and recent case studies show that these aspects do not always align, and the business process management community is only beginning to investigate the mechanisms generating mismatches between process execution and event data. This study aims to identify the role of workarounds goal-directed deviations from standard processes performed by process participants to overcome obstacles– in this context. Through an inductive multiple case study of 13 workarounds in four organizations, three mismatch categories between event logs and real-world process execution related to workarounds are identified and explored. This study contributes to the literature by describing how workarounds can act as mechanisms that cause mismatches between process execution and event data, adding to the discussion on process drift and workaround mining. Furthermore, exploring the mismatch categories offers insights for practitioners and researchers on how to handle and interpret data quality issues in event data.}},
  author       = {{Bartelheimer, Christian and Löhr, Bernd and Reineke, Malte Fabian and Aßbrock, Agnes and Beverungen, Daniel}},
  issn         = {{2363-7005}},
  journal      = {{Business & Information Systems Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Workarounds as a Cause of Mismatches in Business Processes—Insights from a Multiple Case Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s12599-025-00943-5}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{58180,
  abstract     = {{A series of CoIII complexes [Co(RImP)2][PF6], with HMeImP = 1,1′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(3-methyl-1-imidazole-2-ylidene)) and R = Me, Et, iPr, nBu, is presented in this work. The influence of the strong donor ligand on the ground and excited-state photophysical properties was investigated in the context of different alkyl substituents at the imidazole nitrogen. X-ray diffraction revealed no significant alterations of the structures and all differences in the series emerge from the electronic structures. These were probed via cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectroscopy, detailing the influence of the different alkyl substituents on the ground-state properties. All complexes are emissive at 77 K from a 3MC state, which exhibits lifetimes in the range of 1–5 ns at room temperature, depending on the alkyl substituent. Therefore, it is clearly shown that even small differences in the electronic structure have a large impact on the details of the excited state landscape. The observed behavior was rationalized by a detailed DFT analysis, which shows that the minimum-energy crossing point to the ground-state is located only slightly above the MC energy: Consequently, nonradiative decay to the ground state at room temperature is enabled, while at 77 K this path is prohibited, leading to low-temperature 3MC emission.}},
  author       = {{Krishna, Athul and Fritsch, Lorena and Steube, Jakob and Argüello Cordero, Miguel A. and Schoch, Roland and Neuba, Adam and Lochbrunner, Stefan and Bauer, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0020-1669}},
  journal      = {{Inorganic Chemistry}},
  keywords     = {{Photo}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Low Temperature Emissive Cyclometalated Cobalt(III) Complexes}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04479}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60935,
  abstract     = {{Research suggests that presenting an action via multimodal stimulation (verbal and visual) enhances its perception. To highlight this, in most studies, assertive instructions are generally presented before the occurrence of the visual subevent(s). However, verbal instructions need not always be assertive; they can also include negation to contrast the present event with a prior one, thereby facilitating processing—a phenomenon known as contextual facilitation. In our study, we investigated whether using negation to guide an action sequence facilitates action perception, particularly when two consecutive subactions contrast with each other. Stimuli from previous studies on action demonstration were used to create (non)contrastive actions, that is, a ball following noncontrastive and identical (Over–Over or Under–Under) versus contrastive and opposite paths (Over–Under or Under–Over) before terminating at a goal location. In Experiment 1, either an assertive or a negative instruction was provided as verbal guidance before onset of each path. Analyzing data from 35 participants, we found that, whereas assertive instructions facilitate overall action recall, negating the later path for contrastive actions is equally facilitative. Given that action goal is the most salient aspect in event memory due to goal-path bias in attention, a second experiment was conducted to test the effect of multimodal synchrony on goal attention and action memory. Experiment 2 revealed that when instructions overlap with actions, they become more tailored—assertive instructions effectively guide noncontrastive actions, while assertive–negative instruction particularly guides contrastive actions. Both studies suggest that increased attention to the goal leads to coarser perception of midevents, with action-instruction synchrony modulating goal bias in real-time event apprehension to serve distinct purposes for action conceptualization. Whereas presenting instructions before subactions attenuates goal attention, overlapping instructions increase goal attention and reveal the selective roles of assertive and negative instructions in guiding contrastive and noncontrastive actions.}},
  author       = {{Singh, Amit and Rohlfing, Katharina J.}},
  journal      = {{Cognitive Science}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Contrastive Verbal Guidance: A Beneficial Context for Attention To Events and Their Memory?}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/cogs.70096}},
  volume       = {{49}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60996,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
          <jats:p>The benefits of physical activity are undisputed. However, adverse events can occur in rare cases, particularly during high-intensity or prolonged exercise. During physical activity, at-risk patients can experience major cardiac events, whereas adverse events affecting the musculoskeletal system are more common but less severe. A sports preparticipation evaluation (PPE) for apparently healthy adults is designed to detect at-risk individuals and prevent potentially fatal events. This guideline for conducting PPEs was developed by consensus among 16 medical societies and sports associations and is based on previously published guidelines and consensus papers. Sports medicine physicians and potential participants were also surveyed to assess the recommendations’ content, feasibility, and implementation. On the basis of the 20 recommendations developed and agreed upon by the abovementioned entities, PPE comprises individuals’ personal, family, and sports histories, as well as a physical examination. The need for additional examinations (e.g., laboratory parameters, echocardiograms, or stress tests) is determined on the basis of the PPE findings. This approach’s feasibility in various regions, including resource-limited settings, and the extent to which it prevents adverse or potentially fatal events, should be examined in future research.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Joisten, Christine and Hirschmüller, Anja and Bauer, Pascal and Baum, Erika and Behrens, Meinolf and Berrisch-Rahmel, Susanne and Berrsche, Gregor and Carlsohn, Anja and Cassel, Michael and DeZeuuw, Justus and Dörr, Gesine and Dreher, Michael and Edelmann, Frank and Esefeld, Katrin and Freitag, Michael and Grebe, Mathias and Grim, Casper and Janßen, Pia and Kaiser, Rolf and Katlun, Thomas and Köppel, Maximilian and Kreutz, Charlotte and Krüger, Karsten and Lutter, Christoph and Mayer, Frank and Moser, Othmar and Nieß, Andreas and Predel, Hans-Georg and Peters, Stefan and Platen, Petra and Portius, Dorothea and Reinsberger, Claus and Reiss, Nils and Röcker, Kai and Schmidt, Thomas and Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno and Schmitt, Holger and Schramm, Thomas and Sturm, Christian and Vater, Hans and Weise, Alina and Weisser, Burkhard and Welsch, Götz and Winkelmann, Andreas and Wirth, Alfred and Wolfarth, Bernd and Goossen, Käthe}},
  issn         = {{0112-1642}},
  journal      = {{Sports Medicine}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Sports Preparticipation Evaluation for Healthy Adults: A Consensus-Based German Guideline}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s40279-025-02230-5}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60719,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
          <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Background</jats:title>
            <jats:p>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) bears a variety of sex differences and is associated with cardiovascular dysregulation (CDR). Variation in the routinely assessed standard parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) seem not well understood within the frame of sex-specific developments under therapy. Parameters of heart rate variability (RMSSD) and electrodermal activity (meanEDA) may assist the understanding of underlying autonomic developments. This pilot study aims to describe sex-specific cardiovascular and autonomic responses to a multimodal inpatient rehabilitation program in patients with PD.</jats:p>
          </jats:sec>
          <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
            <jats:p>Forty-one PD patients (24 male, 17 female) participated in a stationary, multimodal therapy intervention (MTI). Before and after MTI, HR, BP, RMSSD, and meanEDA were assessed in supine baseline (5 min of rest before orthostasis) and during supine adaption to rest (5 min of rest after orthostasis). Differences between baseline and adaption to rest as well as differences over time of MTI were calculated using Wilcoxon test; sex differences using Mann–Whitney-U test.</jats:p>
          </jats:sec>
          <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Results</jats:title>
            <jats:p>Before MTI, women’s supine HR (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .034*; d = .17) and BP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .015*, d = 0.4) were significantly higher during adaption to rest than during baseline. After MTI, women’s supine HR (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .020*; d = .84) and BP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .022*, d = 0.5) during adaption to rest had decreased significantly. Men’s HR and BP remained constant and without differences between the supine conditions. RMSSD and meanEDA remained steady in both sexes.</jats:p>
          </jats:sec>
          <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
            <jats:p>The sex-specific responsiveness to MTI supports the concept of sex-sensitive therapeutic management for cardiovascular symptoms in PD. In both sexes, peripheral cardiovascular outcomes appeared not attributable to corresponding outcomes in autonomic regulation. Further examination of autonomic parameters could provide a foundation for developing therapeutic approaches that address central nervous system mechanisms.</jats:p>
            <jats:p>The study was officially registered (08/2020). The data supporting the findings of this study are available under <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/" ext-link-type="uri">http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/</jats:ext-link> under trial number <jats:italic>DRKS00022773.</jats:italic>
            </jats:p>
          </jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Siche-Pantel, Franziska and Mühlenberg, Manfred and Buschfort, Rüdiger and Michels, Heinke and Jakobsmeyer, Rasmus and Oesterschlink, Julian and Reinsberger, Claus}},
  issn         = {{1471-2377}},
  journal      = {{BMC Neurology}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Sex-differences in autonomic and cardiovascular responses to multimodal therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study}}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{59903,
  abstract     = {{This article explores the challenges and opportunities of documenting and cataloguing 19th-century music sources in Germany, using the 1832 Stuttgart production of Goethe’s Faust with music by Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner as a case study. The main focus lies on the potential interplay between (digital) critical music editions and RISM as complementary approaches to source documentation. While RISM has traditionally concentrated on pre-1800 sources, the vast and complex landscape of 19th-century music-theatrical materials—especially handwritten performance materials, but also printed sources—calls for new collaborative strategies. Drawing on the Faust edition within the OPEN Edirom project, which publishes data in open, structured formats (TEI and MEI) and makes them accessible via the RADAR4Culture repository and the Culture Knowledge Graph, the article argues for closer integration between editorial projects and RISM through stable identifiers and Linked Open Data principles. Editorial descriptions do not compete with RISM records but meaningfully extend them, and vice versa. The case study illustrates how editorial source descriptions and full-text editions could enhance the informational scope and augment the reach of RISM, and how RISM could serve as a basis for more granular, interconnected, and FAIR-compliant musicological research infrastructures. The article proposes RISM as a central access point for distributed research data and outlines the simple yet effective steps researchers can take to enhance discoverability and interoperability: namely, by using (or if necessary, creating) RISM IDs and by publishing data with persistent Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs).}},
  author       = {{Frömmel, Lena and Münzmay, Andreas}},
  booktitle    = {{Musikquellen des 19. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland. Herausforderungen und Chancen}},
  editor       = {{Schwindt, Nicole}},
  pages        = {{153--178}},
  publisher    = {{musiconn.publish}},
  title        = {{{Vernetzte Musikquellen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Überlegungen zum Zusammenspiel wissenschaftlicher Editionen mit RISM am Beispiel des Stuttgarter Faust 1832}}},
  doi          = {{10.25366/2025.45}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@book{59079,
  abstract     = {{The present OPEN Edirom digital edition of Goethe’s Faust presents the literary and musical text of the work as it was possibly performed at its premiere (Friday, March 2, 1832) and consecutive performances under the direction and participation of Carl Seydelmann (directing the production and playing the role of Mephistopheles) and Peter Joseph von Lindpainter in the Stuttgart Hoftheater in 1832 (March 11, May 28, October 12) and 1833 (May 14, December 27), in accordance with the surviving sources, i.e., the original theatre material preserved in the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart (D-Sl). This material constitutes a nearly complete autograph source package consisting of text adaptation (an autograph by Seydelmann incorporated into a copy of the print edition published by Cotta in Tübingen in 1830) and corresponding music (two volumes with autograph scores by Lindpaintner).}},
  editor       = {{Münzmay, Andreas and Frömmel, Lena and Bachmann, Tobias and Tumat, Antje}},
  publisher    = {{ZenMEM}},
  title        = {{{Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner, Ouverture, Entreacte, Chöre und Lieder zu Goethes Faust nach der szenischen Einrichtung von Carl Seydelmann (1832)}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{59865,
  author       = {{Schmidt, Rebecca}},
  booktitle    = {{Transdisziplinäre Räume in den Kulturwissenschaften}},
  editor       = {{Kornbach, Alina and Lammer, Christina and Magdeburg, Lena}},
  pages        = {{339--363}},
  publisher    = {{Verlag Herder GmbH}},
  title        = {{{Participatory Research with Teachers - A Critical Analysis of Power Dynamics}}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{60863,
  author       = {{Peckhaus, Volker}},
  booktitle    = {{Transdisziplinäre Räume in den Kulturwissenschaften}},
  editor       = {{Kornbach, Alina and Lammer, Christina and Magdeburg, Lena }},
  pages        = {{255--288}},
  publisher    = {{wbg Academics}},
  title        = {{{Aufruhr im Raum der Räume: Logik zwischen Philosophie und Mathematik}}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{59740,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>In this contribution, we propose an innovative method for determining optimal control sequences for nonlinear systems with partially unknown dynamics, which further expands our previous work. Within the paradigm of model‐based design, the practicality and safety of commissioning feedforward controls and feedback controllers have priority. Our approach leverages probabilistic Gaussian processes to adjust for model inaccuracies from measured system data. This differs from conventional approaches that involve complicated analytical modeling and may entail a substantial time investment to acquire expertise and may prove impractical. Consequently, we address the limitations inherent in traditional design methodologies. Our research focuses on the formulation and solution of the hybrid<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> optimal control problem using probabilistic state predictions and multiple shooting. This ensures adaptability, data efficiency, and resilience against uncertainties in system dynamics. These attributes are empirically substantiated through experimental validation on a chaotic and highly sensitive dynamical system—a double pendulum on a cart. Our methodology unfolds as an iterative learning process, systematically exploring diverse controls, accumulating data within each iteration, and refining the control strategy until the desired task is accomplished. The adoption of the two‐degree‐of‐freedom control structure allows for the distinct consideration of the feedforward and the feedback control signal. For the latter, we employ a time‐variant, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) designed to stabilize the system around its target trajectory. Furthermore, we integrate a probabilistic long‐term prediction through the unscented transform, enabling systematic anticipation of safety‐critical violations. Detailed insights into relevant implementation aspects are provided. To ascertain the real‐world applicability, we present an exemplary application involving a double pendulum on a cart. The objective is to bring the pendulum arms from the lower stable to the upper unstable equilibrium by horizontally moving the cart and subsequently stabilize them. In this scenario, we assume that the centrifugal forces, crucial to the system dynamics, have not been accurately modeled and must be learned from data. Solving the control task took only 5 iterations and 1 h of computation time, which surpasses our previous work [2], where we used the purely data‐driven PILCO framework and required 27 iterations and 57 h of computation time. The time of interaction with the system decreased by  and the computation time is lowered by . It demonstrates significant practical applicability for commissioning control systems.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hesse, Michael and Schwarzer, Luis and Timmermann, Julia and Trächtler, Ansgar}},
  issn         = {{1617-7061}},
  journal      = {{PAMM}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Robust and Efficient Hybrid Optimal Control via Gaussian Process Regression and Multiple Shooting With Experimental Validation on a Double Pendulum on a Cart}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/pamm.70004}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

