[{"_id":"40303","date_updated":"2023-01-26T11:50:52Z","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:48:19Z","status":"public","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1058-725X"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Jain, Sukhmal C., and Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow. “A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization.” <i>Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals</i>, vol. 288, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, 1996, pp. 153–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592\">10.1080/10587259608034592</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Jain_Kitzerow_1996, title={A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization}, volume={288}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592\">10.1080/10587259608034592</a>}, number={1}, journal={Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jain, Sukhmal C. and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}, year={1996}, pages={153–160} }","short":"S.C. Jain, H.-S. Kitzerow, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 288 (1996) 153–160.","ama":"Jain SC, Kitzerow H-S. A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization. <i>Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals</i>. 1996;288(1):153-160. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592\">10.1080/10587259608034592</a>","apa":"Jain, S. C., &#38; Kitzerow, H.-S. (1996). A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization. <i>Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals</i>, <i>288</i>(1), 153–160. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592\">https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592</a>","chicago":"Jain, Sukhmal C., and Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow. “A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization.” <i>Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals</i> 288, no. 1 (1996): 153–60. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592\">https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592</a>.","ieee":"S. C. Jain and H.-S. Kitzerow, “A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization,” <i>Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals</i>, vol. 288, no. 1, pp. 153–160, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034592\">10.1080/10587259608034592</a>."},"department":[{"_id":"313"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Jain","first_name":"Sukhmal C.","full_name":"Jain, Sukhmal C."},{"full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried","first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried","last_name":"Kitzerow","id":"254"}],"intvolume":"       288","volume":288,"page":"153-160","issue":"1","publication":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","type":"journal_article","user_id":"254","keyword":["Condensed Matter Physics"],"extern":"1","title":"A Technique to Align Liquid Crystals Based on Bulk-Induced Photo-Polymerization","doi":"10.1080/10587259608034592"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Applied Physics Letters","issue":"6","page":"725-727","volume":69,"doi":"10.1063/1.117871","title":"Gray‐scale in polymer‐stabilized antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays","extern":"1","keyword":["Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)"],"user_id":"254","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118"]},"year":"1996","status":"public","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:49:05Z","publisher":"AIP Publishing","date_updated":"2023-01-26T11:51:01Z","_id":"40305","intvolume":"        69","author":[{"last_name":"Strauss","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Strauss, J."},{"first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried","full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried","id":"254","last_name":"Kitzerow"}],"department":[{"_id":"313"}],"citation":{"ieee":"J. Strauss and H.-S. Kitzerow, “Gray‐scale in polymer‐stabilized antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays,” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 725–727, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871\">10.1063/1.117871</a>.","chicago":"Strauss, J., and Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow. “Gray‐scale in Polymer‐stabilized Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i> 69, no. 6 (1996): 725–27. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871</a>.","apa":"Strauss, J., &#38; Kitzerow, H.-S. (1996). Gray‐scale in polymer‐stabilized antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, <i>69</i>(6), 725–727. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871</a>","ama":"Strauss J, Kitzerow H-S. Gray‐scale in polymer‐stabilized antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. 1996;69(6):725-727. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871\">10.1063/1.117871</a>","short":"J. Strauss, H.-S. Kitzerow, Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996) 725–727.","bibtex":"@article{Strauss_Kitzerow_1996, title={Gray‐scale in polymer‐stabilized antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays}, volume={69}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871\">10.1063/1.117871</a>}, number={6}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Strauss, J. and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}, year={1996}, pages={725–727} }","mla":"Strauss, J., and Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow. “Gray‐scale in Polymer‐stabilized Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 69, no. 6, AIP Publishing, 1996, pp. 725–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117871\">10.1063/1.117871</a>."},"publication_status":"published"},{"user_id":"254","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy","Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)","General Engineering"],"doi":"10.1007/bf01831000","extern":"1","title":"Storage of laser-induced holographic gratings in discotic liquid crystals","issue":"6","volume":63,"page":"605-608","type":"journal_article","publication":"Applied Physics B Laser and Optics","department":[{"_id":"313"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Contzen J, Heppke G, Kitzerow H-S, Krüerke D, Schmid H. Storage of laser-induced holographic gratings in discotic liquid crystals. <i>Applied Physics B Laser and Optics</i>. 1996;63(6):605-608. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000\">10.1007/bf01831000</a>","apa":"Contzen, J., Heppke, G., Kitzerow, H.-S., Krüerke, D., &#38; Schmid, H. (1996). Storage of laser-induced holographic gratings in discotic liquid crystals. <i>Applied Physics B Laser and Optics</i>, <i>63</i>(6), 605–608. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000\">https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000</a>","ieee":"J. Contzen, G. Heppke, H.-S. Kitzerow, D. Krüerke, and H. Schmid, “Storage of laser-induced holographic gratings in discotic liquid crystals,” <i>Applied Physics B Laser and Optics</i>, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 605–608, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000\">10.1007/bf01831000</a>.","chicago":"Contzen, J., G. Heppke, Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow, D. Krüerke, and H. Schmid. “Storage of Laser-Induced Holographic Gratings in Discotic Liquid Crystals.” <i>Applied Physics B Laser and Optics</i> 63, no. 6 (1996): 605–8. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000\">https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Contzen_Heppke_Kitzerow_Krüerke_Schmid_1996, title={Storage of laser-induced holographic gratings in discotic liquid crystals}, volume={63}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000\">10.1007/bf01831000</a>}, number={6}, journal={Applied Physics B Laser and Optics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Contzen, J. and Heppke, G. and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried and Krüerke, D. and Schmid, H.}, year={1996}, pages={605–608} }","mla":"Contzen, J., et al. “Storage of Laser-Induced Holographic Gratings in Discotic Liquid Crystals.” <i>Applied Physics B Laser and Optics</i>, vol. 63, no. 6, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 1996, pp. 605–08, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01831000\">10.1007/bf01831000</a>.","short":"J. Contzen, G. Heppke, H.-S. Kitzerow, D. Krüerke, H. Schmid, Applied Physics B Laser and Optics 63 (1996) 605–608."},"intvolume":"        63","author":[{"last_name":"Contzen","full_name":"Contzen, J.","first_name":"J."},{"full_name":"Heppke, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"Heppke"},{"full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried","first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried","id":"254","last_name":"Kitzerow"},{"last_name":"Krüerke","full_name":"Krüerke, D.","first_name":"D."},{"last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"H.","full_name":"Schmid, H."}],"date_updated":"2023-01-26T10:30:51Z","_id":"40229","status":"public","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0946-2171","1432-0649"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_created":"2023-01-26T09:28:27Z"},{"department":[{"_id":"313"}],"citation":{"mla":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried, et al. “Effect of Chirality on Liquid Crystals in Capillary Tubes with Parallel and Perpendicular Anchoring.” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 54, no. 1, American Physical Society (APS), 1996, pp. 568–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568\">10.1103/physreve.54.568</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Kitzerow_Liu_Xu_Crooker_1996, title={Effect of chirality on liquid crystals in capillary tubes with parallel and perpendicular anchoring}, volume={54}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568\">10.1103/physreve.54.568</a>}, number={1}, journal={Physical Review E}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried and Liu, B. and Xu, F. and Crooker, P. P.}, year={1996}, pages={568–575} }","short":"H.-S. Kitzerow, B. Liu, F. Xu, P.P. Crooker, Physical Review E 54 (1996) 568–575.","apa":"Kitzerow, H.-S., Liu, B., Xu, F., &#38; Crooker, P. P. (1996). Effect of chirality on liquid crystals in capillary tubes with parallel and perpendicular anchoring. <i>Physical Review E</i>, <i>54</i>(1), 568–575. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568</a>","ama":"Kitzerow H-S, Liu B, Xu F, Crooker PP. Effect of chirality on liquid crystals in capillary tubes with parallel and perpendicular anchoring. <i>Physical Review E</i>. 1996;54(1):568-575. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568\">10.1103/physreve.54.568</a>","chicago":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried, B. Liu, F. Xu, and P. P. Crooker. “Effect of Chirality on Liquid Crystals in Capillary Tubes with Parallel and Perpendicular Anchoring.” <i>Physical Review E</i> 54, no. 1 (1996): 568–75. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568</a>.","ieee":"H.-S. Kitzerow, B. Liu, F. Xu, and P. P. Crooker, “Effect of chirality on liquid crystals in capillary tubes with parallel and perpendicular anchoring,” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 568–575, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.568\">10.1103/physreve.54.568</a>."},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        54","author":[{"last_name":"Kitzerow","id":"254","full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried","first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried"},{"first_name":"B.","full_name":"Liu, B.","last_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"Xu","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Xu, F."},{"first_name":"P. P.","full_name":"Crooker, P. P.","last_name":"Crooker"}],"date_updated":"2023-01-26T11:52:39Z","_id":"40314","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1063-651X","1095-3787"]},"status":"public","date_created":"2023-01-26T11:00:32Z","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"254","doi":"10.1103/physreve.54.568","title":"Effect of chirality on liquid crystals in capillary tubes with parallel and perpendicular anchoring","extern":"1","issue":"1","page":"568-575","volume":54,"type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review E"},{"extern":"1","title":"Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals","doi":"10.1201/9781482272796","user_id":"254","publication":"Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries","type":"book_chapter","page":"187-219","author":[{"last_name":"Kitzerow","id":"254","full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried","first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried"}],"editor":[{"last_name":"Crawford","first_name":"G P","full_name":"Crawford, G P"},{"first_name":"S","full_name":"Zumer, S","last_name":"Zumer"}],"place":"London","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"H.-S. Kitzerow, “Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals,” in <i>Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries</i>, G. P. Crawford and S. Zumer, Eds. London: Taylor &#38; Francis , 1996, pp. 187–219.","chicago":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried. “Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals.” In <i>Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries</i>, edited by G P Crawford and S Zumer, 187–219. London: Taylor &#38; Francis , 1996. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796\">https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796</a>.","apa":"Kitzerow, H.-S. (1996). Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals. In G. P. Crawford &#38; S. Zumer (Eds.), <i>Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries</i> (pp. 187–219). Taylor &#38; Francis . <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796\">https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796</a>","ama":"Kitzerow H-S. Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals. In: Crawford GP, Zumer S, eds. <i>Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries</i>. Taylor &#38; Francis ; 1996:187-219. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796\">10.1201/9781482272796</a>","short":"H.-S. Kitzerow, in: G.P. Crawford, S. Zumer (Eds.), Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries, Taylor &#38; Francis , London, 1996, pp. 187–219.","bibtex":"@inbook{Kitzerow_1996, place={London}, title={Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796\">10.1201/9781482272796</a>}, booktitle={Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries}, publisher={Taylor &#38; Francis }, author={Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}, editor={Crawford, G P and Zumer, S}, year={1996}, pages={187–219} }","mla":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried. “Polymer Dispersed and Polymer Stabilized Chiral Liquid Crystals.” <i>Liquid Crystals In Complex Geometries</i>, edited by G P Crawford and S Zumer, Taylor &#38; Francis , 1996, pp. 187–219, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272796\">10.1201/9781482272796</a>."},"department":[{"_id":"313"}],"publisher":"Taylor & Francis ","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:50:59Z","status":"public","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781482272796"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"40309","date_updated":"2023-01-26T11:52:31Z"},{"_id":"40307","date_updated":"2023-01-26T11:53:35Z","date_created":"2023-01-26T10:50:09Z","publication":"SPIE Proceedings","publisher":"SPIE","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1996","type":"conference","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0277-786X"]},"status":"public","citation":{"mla":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried, et al. “Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Holographic Formation of Switchable Gratings.” <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>, edited by Ranganathan Shashidhar, SPIE, 1996, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340\">10.1117/12.235340</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kitzerow_Strauss_Jain_1996, title={Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: holographic formation of switchable gratings}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340\">10.1117/12.235340</a>}, booktitle={SPIE Proceedings}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried and Strauss, J. and Jain, Sukhmal C.}, editor={Shashidhar, Ranganathan}, year={1996} }","short":"H.-S. Kitzerow, J. Strauss, S.C. Jain, in: R. Shashidhar (Ed.), SPIE Proceedings, SPIE, 1996.","apa":"Kitzerow, H.-S., Strauss, J., &#38; Jain, S. C. (1996). Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: holographic formation of switchable gratings. In R. Shashidhar (Ed.), <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>. SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340</a>","ama":"Kitzerow H-S, Strauss J, Jain SC. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: holographic formation of switchable gratings. In: Shashidhar R, ed. <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>. SPIE; 1996. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340\">10.1117/12.235340</a>","chicago":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried, J. Strauss, and Sukhmal C. Jain. “Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Holographic Formation of Switchable Gratings.” In <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>, edited by Ranganathan Shashidhar. SPIE, 1996. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340</a>.","ieee":"H.-S. Kitzerow, J. Strauss, and S. C. Jain, “Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: holographic formation of switchable gratings,” in <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.235340\">10.1117/12.235340</a>."},"publication_status":"published","user_id":"254","department":[{"_id":"313"}],"title":"Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: holographic formation of switchable gratings","extern":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Kitzerow","id":"254","first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried","full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried"},{"last_name":"Strauss","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Strauss, J."},{"last_name":"Jain","full_name":"Jain, Sukhmal C.","first_name":"Sukhmal C."}],"editor":[{"full_name":"Shashidhar, Ranganathan","first_name":"Ranganathan","last_name":"Shashidhar"}],"doi":"10.1117/12.235340"},{"year":"1996","type":"book_chapter","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0-471-96715-7"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Large Ring Molecules","date_created":"2023-02-13T09:34:14Z","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","date_updated":"2023-02-13T09:45:16Z","_id":"42041","page":"627-684","place":"Chichester","title":"Theory of Macromolecular Rings","editor":[{"last_name":"Semlyen","full_name":"Semlyen, J. Anthony","first_name":"J. Anthony"}],"author":[{"id":"237","last_name":"Huber","first_name":"Klaus","full_name":"Huber, Klaus"},{"full_name":"Burchard, Walther","first_name":"Walther","last_name":"Burchard"}],"extern":"1","department":[{"_id":"314"}],"citation":{"ieee":"K. Huber and W. Burchard, “Theory of Macromolecular Rings,” in <i>Large Ring Molecules</i>, J. A. Semlyen, Ed. Chichester: John Wiley &#38; Sons, 1996, pp. 627–684.","chicago":"Huber, Klaus, and Walther Burchard. “Theory of Macromolecular Rings.” In <i>Large Ring Molecules</i>, edited by J. Anthony Semlyen, 627–84. Chichester: John Wiley &#38; Sons, 1996.","short":"K. Huber, W. Burchard, in: J.A. Semlyen (Ed.), Large Ring Molecules, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Chichester, 1996, pp. 627–684.","bibtex":"@inbook{Huber_Burchard_1996, place={Chichester}, title={Theory of Macromolecular Rings}, booktitle={Large Ring Molecules}, publisher={John Wiley &#38; Sons}, author={Huber, Klaus and Burchard, Walther}, editor={Semlyen, J. Anthony}, year={1996}, pages={627–684} }","ama":"Huber K, Burchard W. Theory of Macromolecular Rings. In: Semlyen JA, ed. <i>Large Ring Molecules</i>. John Wiley &#38; Sons; 1996:627-684.","apa":"Huber, K., &#38; Burchard, W. (1996). Theory of Macromolecular Rings. In J. A. Semlyen (Ed.), <i>Large Ring Molecules</i> (pp. 627–684). John Wiley &#38; Sons.","mla":"Huber, Klaus, and Walther Burchard. “Theory of Macromolecular Rings.” <i>Large Ring Molecules</i>, edited by J. Anthony Semlyen, John Wiley &#38; Sons, 1996, pp. 627–84."},"user_id":"237"},{"year":"1996","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0921-5107"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Materials Science and Engineering: B","date_created":"2019-10-10T16:16:58Z","date_updated":"2025-12-16T07:27:59Z","issue":"1-3","_id":"13795","page":"158-161","volume":37,"doi":"10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2","intvolume":"        37","title":"Diamond (111) and (100) surface: ab initio study of the atomic and electronic structure","author":[{"last_name":"Scholze","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Scholze, A."},{"first_name":"Wolf Gero","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","id":"468","last_name":"Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076"},{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Käckell, P.","last_name":"Käckell"},{"first_name":"F.","full_name":"Bechstedt, F.","last_name":"Bechstedt"}],"department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"}],"citation":{"short":"A. Scholze, W.G. Schmidt, P. Käckell, F. Bechstedt, Materials Science and Engineering: B 37 (1996) 158–161.","mla":"Scholze, A., et al. “Diamond (111) and (100) Surface: Ab Initio Study of the Atomic and Electronic Structure.” <i>Materials Science and Engineering: B</i>, vol. 37, no. 1–3, 1996, pp. 158–61, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2\">10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Scholze_Schmidt_Käckell_Bechstedt_1996, title={Diamond (111) and (100) surface: ab initio study of the atomic and electronic structure}, volume={37}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2\">10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2</a>}, number={1–3}, journal={Materials Science and Engineering: B}, author={Scholze, A. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Käckell, P. and Bechstedt, F.}, year={1996}, pages={158–161} }","chicago":"Scholze, A., Wolf Gero Schmidt, P. Käckell, and F. Bechstedt. “Diamond (111) and (100) Surface: Ab Initio Study of the Atomic and Electronic Structure.” <i>Materials Science and Engineering: B</i> 37, no. 1–3 (1996): 158–61. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2</a>.","ieee":"A. Scholze, W. G. Schmidt, P. Käckell, and F. Bechstedt, “Diamond (111) and (100) surface: ab initio study of the atomic and electronic structure,” <i>Materials Science and Engineering: B</i>, vol. 37, no. 1–3, pp. 158–161, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2\">10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2</a>.","ama":"Scholze A, Schmidt WG, Käckell P, Bechstedt F. Diamond (111) and (100) surface: ab initio study of the atomic and electronic structure. <i>Materials Science and Engineering: B</i>. 1996;37(1-3):158-161. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2\">10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2</a>","apa":"Scholze, A., Schmidt, W. G., Käckell, P., &#38; Bechstedt, F. (1996). Diamond (111) and (100) surface: ab initio study of the atomic and electronic structure. <i>Materials Science and Engineering: B</i>, <i>37</i>(1–3), 158–161. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01477-2</a>"},"user_id":"16199","publication_status":"published"},{"_id":"13793","page":"183-188","volume":351,"date_updated":"2025-12-16T07:28:38Z","publication":"Surface Science","date_created":"2019-10-10T16:13:48Z","funded_apc":"1","type":"journal_article","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0039-6028"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"W. G. Schmidt, A. Scholze, and F. Bechstedt, “Dimerized, buckled, or ideal chains on the diamond (111)2 × 1 surface?,” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 351, pp. 183–188, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2\">10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2</a>.","chicago":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero, A. Scholze, and F. Bechstedt. “Dimerized, Buckled, or Ideal Chains on the Diamond (111)2 × 1 Surface?” <i>Surface Science</i> 351 (1996): 183–88. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2</a>.","ama":"Schmidt WG, Scholze A, Bechstedt F. Dimerized, buckled, or ideal chains on the diamond (111)2 × 1 surface? <i>Surface Science</i>. 1996;351:183-188. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2\">10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2</a>","apa":"Schmidt, W. G., Scholze, A., &#38; Bechstedt, F. (1996). Dimerized, buckled, or ideal chains on the diamond (111)2 × 1 surface? <i>Surface Science</i>, <i>351</i>, 183–188. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2</a>","short":"W.G. Schmidt, A. Scholze, F. Bechstedt, Surface Science 351 (1996) 183–188.","bibtex":"@article{Schmidt_Scholze_Bechstedt_1996, title={Dimerized, buckled, or ideal chains on the diamond (111)2 × 1 surface?}, volume={351}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2\">10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2</a>}, journal={Surface Science}, author={Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Scholze, A. and Bechstedt, F.}, year={1996}, pages={183–188} }","mla":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero, et al. “Dimerized, Buckled, or Ideal Chains on the Diamond (111)2 × 1 Surface?” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 351, 1996, pp. 183–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2\">10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2</a>."},"user_id":"16199","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"}],"title":"Dimerized, buckled, or ideal chains on the diamond (111)2 × 1 surface?","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","id":"468"},{"last_name":"Scholze","full_name":"Scholze, A.","first_name":"A."},{"last_name":"Bechstedt","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Bechstedt, F."}],"intvolume":"       351","doi":"10.1016/0039-6028(95)01270-2"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review Letters","issue":"21","volume":77,"page":"4402-4405","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402","title":"Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface","user_id":"16199","status":"public","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"funded_apc":"1","date_created":"2019-10-10T15:49:26Z","date_updated":"2025-12-16T07:32:43Z","_id":"13782","intvolume":"        77","author":[{"full_name":"Esser, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Esser"},{"last_name":"Shkrebtii","full_name":"Shkrebtii, A. I.","first_name":"A. I."},{"full_name":"Resch-Esser, U.","first_name":"U.","last_name":"Resch-Esser"},{"full_name":"Springer, C.","first_name":"C.","last_name":"Springer"},{"first_name":"W.","full_name":"Richter, W.","last_name":"Richter"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","last_name":"Schmidt","id":"468","first_name":"Wolf Gero","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero"},{"last_name":"Bechstedt","full_name":"Bechstedt, F.","first_name":"F."},{"first_name":"R.","full_name":"Del Sole, R.","last_name":"Del Sole"}],"department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"N. Esser <i>et al.</i>, “Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 77, no. 21, pp. 4402–4405, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402\">10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402</a>.","short":"N. Esser, A.I. Shkrebtii, U. Resch-Esser, C. Springer, W. Richter, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole, Physical Review Letters 77 (1996) 4402–4405.","chicago":"Esser, N., A. I. Shkrebtii, U. Resch-Esser, C. Springer, W. Richter, Wolf Gero Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, and R. Del Sole. “Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i> 77, no. 21 (1996): 4402–5. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402</a>.","ama":"Esser N, Shkrebtii AI, Resch-Esser U, et al. Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 1996;77(21):4402-4405. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402\">10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402</a>","bibtex":"@article{Esser_Shkrebtii_Resch-Esser_Springer_Richter_Schmidt_Bechstedt_Del Sole_1996, title={Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface}, volume={77}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402\">10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402</a>}, number={21}, journal={Physical Review Letters}, author={Esser, N. and Shkrebtii, A. I. and Resch-Esser, U. and Springer, C. and Richter, W. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Bechstedt, F. and Del Sole, R.}, year={1996}, pages={4402–4405} }","apa":"Esser, N., Shkrebtii, A. I., Resch-Esser, U., Springer, C., Richter, W., Schmidt, W. G., Bechstedt, F., &#38; Del Sole, R. (1996). Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, <i>77</i>(21), 4402–4405. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402</a>","mla":"Esser, N., et al. “Atomic Structure of the Sb-Stabilized GaAs(100)-(2×4) Surface.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 77, no. 21, 1996, pp. 4402–05, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402\">10.1103/physrevlett.77.4402</a>."}},{"citation":{"ieee":"W. G. Schmidt and F. Bechstedt, “Geometry and electronic structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) reconstructions,” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 54, no. 23, pp. 16742–16748, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742\">10.1103/physrevb.54.16742</a>.","chicago":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero, and F. Bechstedt. “Geometry and Electronic Structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) Reconstructions.” <i>Physical Review B</i> 54, no. 23 (1996): 16742–48. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742</a>.","short":"W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, Physical Review B 54 (1996) 16742–16748.","ama":"Schmidt WG, Bechstedt F. Geometry and electronic structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) reconstructions. <i>Physical Review B</i>. 1996;54(23):16742-16748. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742\">10.1103/physrevb.54.16742</a>","bibtex":"@article{Schmidt_Bechstedt_1996, title={Geometry and electronic structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) reconstructions}, volume={54}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742\">10.1103/physrevb.54.16742</a>}, number={23}, journal={Physical Review B}, author={Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Bechstedt, F.}, year={1996}, pages={16742–16748} }","apa":"Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Bechstedt, F. (1996). Geometry and electronic structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) reconstructions. <i>Physical Review B</i>, <i>54</i>(23), 16742–16748. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742</a>","mla":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero, and F. Bechstedt. “Geometry and Electronic Structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) Reconstructions.” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 54, no. 23, 1996, pp. 16742–48, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16742\">10.1103/physrevb.54.16742</a>."},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076","id":"468","last_name":"Schmidt","full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero"},{"last_name":"Bechstedt","full_name":"Bechstedt, F.","first_name":"F."}],"intvolume":"        54","_id":"13783","date_updated":"2025-12-16T07:32:21Z","date_created":"2019-10-10T15:51:29Z","funded_apc":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0163-1829","1095-3795"]},"year":"1996","status":"public","user_id":"16199","title":"Geometry and electronic structure of GaAs(001)(2×4) reconstructions","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.54.16742","page":"16742-16748","volume":54,"issue":"23","publication":"Physical Review B","type":"journal_article"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Surface Science","issue":"1","volume":360,"page":"L473-L477","doi":"10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5","title":"Atomic structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) reconstructions","user_id":"16199","status":"public","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0039-6028"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"funded_apc":"1","date_created":"2019-10-10T15:54:38Z","date_updated":"2025-12-16T07:31:43Z","_id":"13785","intvolume":"       360","author":[{"full_name":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero","first_name":"Wolf Gero","last_name":"Schmidt","id":"468","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-5076"},{"first_name":"F.","full_name":"Bechstedt, F.","last_name":"Bechstedt"}],"department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"295"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero, and F. Bechstedt. “Atomic Structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) Reconstructions.” <i>Surface Science</i> 360, no. 1 (1996): L473–77. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5</a>.","short":"W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, Surface Science 360 (1996) L473–L477.","ieee":"W. G. Schmidt and F. Bechstedt, “Atomic structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) reconstructions,” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 360, no. 1, pp. L473–L477, 1996, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5\">10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5</a>.","mla":"Schmidt, Wolf Gero, and F. Bechstedt. “Atomic Structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) Reconstructions.” <i>Surface Science</i>, vol. 360, no. 1, 1996, pp. L473–77, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5\">10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5</a>.","ama":"Schmidt WG, Bechstedt F. Atomic structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) reconstructions. <i>Surface Science</i>. 1996;360(1):L473-L477. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5\">10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5</a>","bibtex":"@article{Schmidt_Bechstedt_1996, title={Atomic structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) reconstructions}, volume={360}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5\">10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5</a>}, number={1}, journal={Surface Science}, author={Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Bechstedt, F.}, year={1996}, pages={L473–L477} }","apa":"Schmidt, W. G., &#38; Bechstedt, F. (1996). Atomic structures of GaAs(100)-(2 × 4) reconstructions. <i>Surface Science</i>, <i>360</i>(1), L473–L477. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00728-5</a>"}},{"_id":"18696","page":"726 S. Text zzgl. Anhang und 430 Abb.","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:53:51Z","date_created":"2020-08-31T12:08:16Z","publisher":"(Wasmuth)","type":"book","year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"status":"public","citation":{"short":"E.-M. Seng, Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins, (Wasmuth), Tübingen, 1995.","mla":"Seng, Eva-Maria. <i>Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins</i>. (Wasmuth), 1995.","bibtex":"@book{Seng_1995, place={Tübingen}, title={Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins}, publisher={(Wasmuth)}, author={Seng, Eva- Maria}, year={1995} }","chicago":"Seng, Eva- Maria. <i>Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins</i>. Tübingen: (Wasmuth), 1995.","ieee":"E.-M. Seng, <i>Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins</i>. Tübingen: (Wasmuth), 1995.","apa":"Seng, E.-M. (1995). <i>Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins</i>. Tübingen: (Wasmuth).","ama":"Seng E-M. <i>Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins</i>. Tübingen: (Wasmuth); 1995."},"user_id":"21240","department":[{"_id":"443"}],"title":"Der evangelische Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert, die Eisenacher Bewegung und der Architekt Christian Friedrich von Leins","author":[{"last_name":"Seng","id":"499","first_name":"Eva- Maria","full_name":"Seng, Eva- Maria"}],"extern":"1","place":"Tübingen","abstract":[{"lang":"ger","text":"Rezensionen (Auswahl) in: \r\n - architectura Bd. 27, 1997, Heft 2, S. 221-228 von Elisabeth Spitzbart\r\n - Blätter für württembergische Kirchengeschichte 96. Jg. 1996, S. 253f.von Rainer Lächele\r\n - Etudes Theologiques Et Religieuses (Montpellier) 1997, 3, S. 490-491 von\r\n   Bernard  Reymond"}]},{"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:51:08Z","_id":"11757","year":"1995","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"ICASSP, Detroit","date_created":"2019-07-12T05:27:40Z","department":[{"_id":"54"}],"citation":{"apa":"Dugast, C., Beyerlein, P., &#38; Haeb-Umbach, R. (1995). Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition. In <i>ICASSP, Detroit</i>.","ama":"Dugast C, Beyerlein P, Haeb-Umbach R. Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition. In: <i>ICASSP, Detroit</i>. ; 1995.","chicago":"Dugast, Christian, Peter Beyerlein, and Reinhold Haeb-Umbach. “Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition.” In <i>ICASSP, Detroit</i>, 1995.","ieee":"C. Dugast, P. Beyerlein, and R. Haeb-Umbach, “Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition,” in <i>ICASSP, Detroit</i>, 1995.","mla":"Dugast, Christian, et al. “Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition.” <i>ICASSP, Detroit</i>, 1995.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Dugast_Beyerlein_Haeb-Umbach_1995, title={Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition}, booktitle={ICASSP, Detroit}, author={Dugast, Christian and Beyerlein, Peter and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}, year={1995} }","short":"C. Dugast, P. Beyerlein, R. Haeb-Umbach, in: ICASSP, Detroit, 1995."},"user_id":"44006","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://groups.uni-paderborn.de/nt/pubs/1995/ICASSP_1995_Haeb_paper.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Clustering techniques have been integrated at different levels into the training procedure of a continuous-density hidden Markov model (HMM) speech recognizer. These clustering techniques can be used in two ways. First acoustically similar states are tied together. It will help to reduce the number of parameters but also allow to train otherwise rarely seen states together with more robust ones (state-tying). Secondly densities are clustered across states, this reduces the number of densities while at the same time keeping the best performances of our recognizer (density-clustering). We have applied these techniques both to word-based small-vocabulary and phoneme-based large-vocabulary recognition tasks. On the WSJ task, we could achieve a reduction of the word error rate by 7%. On the TI/NIST-connected digit task, the number of parameters was reduced by a factor 2-3 while keeping the same string error rate.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Application of Clustering Techniques to Mixture Density Modelling for Continuous-Speech Recognition","author":[{"full_name":"Dugast, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Dugast"},{"last_name":"Beyerlein","full_name":"Beyerlein, Peter","first_name":"Peter"},{"last_name":"Haeb-Umbach","id":"242","full_name":"Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold","first_name":"Reinhold"}]},{"title":"Continuous speech dictation - From theory to practice","author":[{"first_name":"Volker","full_name":"Steinbiss, Volker","last_name":"Steinbiss"},{"last_name":"Ney","full_name":"Ney, Hermann J.","first_name":"Hermann J."},{"last_name":"Essen","full_name":"Essen, Ute","first_name":"Ute"},{"first_name":"Bach Hiep","full_name":"Tran, Bach Hiep","last_name":"Tran"},{"last_name":"Aubert","first_name":"Xavier L.","full_name":"Aubert, Xavier L."},{"first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Dugast, Christian","last_name":"Dugast"},{"first_name":"Reinhard","full_name":"Kneser, Reinhard","last_name":"Kneser"},{"first_name":"Hans Günter","full_name":"Meier, Hans Günter","last_name":"Meier"},{"full_name":"Oerder, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Oerder"},{"first_name":"Reinhold","full_name":"Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold","last_name":"Haeb-Umbach","id":"242"},{"full_name":"Geller, Dieter","first_name":"Dieter","last_name":"Geller"},{"full_name":"Hoellerbauer, W.","first_name":"W.","last_name":"Hoellerbauer"},{"first_name":"H.","full_name":"Bartosik, H.","last_name":"Bartosik"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper gives an overview of the Philips research system for phoneme-based, large-vocabulary, continuousspeech recognition. The system has been successfully applied to various tasks in the German and (American) English languages, ranging from small vocabulary tasks to very large vocabulary tasks. Here, we concentrate on continuousspeech recognition for dictation in real applications, the dictation of legal reports and radiology reports in German. We describe this task and report on experimental results. We also describe a commercial PC-based dictation system which includes a PC implementation of our scientific recognition prototype. In order to allow for a comparison with the performance of other systems, a section with an evaluation on the standard Wall Street Journal task (dictation of American English newspaper text) is supplied. The recognition architecture is based on an integrated statistical approach. We describe the characteristic features of the system as opposed to other systems: 1. the Viterbi criterion is consistently applied both in training and testing; 2. continuous mixture densities are used without tying or smoothing; 3. time-synchronous beam search in connection with a phoneme look-ahead is applied to a tree-organized lexicon."}],"citation":{"short":"V. Steinbiss, H.J. Ney, U. Essen, B.H. Tran, X.L. Aubert, C. Dugast, R. Kneser, H.G. Meier, M. Oerder, R. Haeb-Umbach, D. Geller, W. Hoellerbauer, H. Bartosik, Speech Communication (1995).","bibtex":"@article{Steinbiss_Ney_Essen_Tran_Aubert_Dugast_Kneser_Meier_Oerder_Haeb-Umbach_et al._1995, title={Continuous speech dictation - From theory to practice}, journal={Speech Communication}, author={Steinbiss, Volker and Ney, Hermann J. and Essen, Ute and Tran, Bach Hiep and Aubert, Xavier L. and Dugast, Christian and Kneser, Reinhard and Meier, Hans Günter and Oerder, Martin and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold and et al.}, year={1995} }","mla":"Steinbiss, Volker, et al. “Continuous Speech Dictation - From Theory to Practice.” <i>Speech Communication</i>, 1995.","ieee":"V. Steinbiss <i>et al.</i>, “Continuous speech dictation - From theory to practice,” <i>Speech Communication</i>, 1995.","chicago":"Steinbiss, Volker, Hermann J. Ney, Ute Essen, Bach Hiep Tran, Xavier L. Aubert, Christian Dugast, Reinhard Kneser, et al. “Continuous Speech Dictation - From Theory to Practice.” <i>Speech Communication</i>, 1995.","ama":"Steinbiss V, Ney HJ, Essen U, et al. Continuous speech dictation - From theory to practice. <i>Speech Communication</i>. 1995.","apa":"Steinbiss, V., Ney, H. J., Essen, U., Tran, B. H., Aubert, X. L., Dugast, C., … Bartosik, H. (1995). Continuous speech dictation - From theory to practice. <i>Speech Communication</i>."},"user_id":"44006","department":[{"_id":"54"}],"publication":"Speech Communication","date_created":"2019-07-12T12:22:00Z","type":"journal_article","year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"11948","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:51:13Z"},{"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Schmidt, Claudia, M. E. Rosen, D. F. Caplan, A. Pines, and M. F. Quinton. “Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24.” <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry</i> 99, no. 26 (1995): 10565–72. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020\">https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020</a>.","ieee":"C. Schmidt, M. E. Rosen, D. F. Caplan, A. Pines, and M. F. Quinton, “Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24,” <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry</i>, vol. 99, no. 26, pp. 10565–10572, 1995, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020\">10.1021/j100026a020</a>.","apa":"Schmidt, C., Rosen, M. E., Caplan, D. F., Pines, A., &#38; Quinton, M. F. (1995). Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24. <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry</i>, <i>99</i>(26), 10565–10572. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020\">https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020</a>","ama":"Schmidt C, Rosen ME, Caplan DF, Pines A, Quinton MF. Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24. <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry</i>. 1995;99(26):10565-10572. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020\">10.1021/j100026a020</a>","short":"C. Schmidt, M.E. Rosen, D.F. Caplan, A. Pines, M.F. Quinton, The Journal of Physical Chemistry 99 (1995) 10565–10572.","mla":"Schmidt, Claudia, et al. “Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24.” <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry</i>, vol. 99, no. 26, American Chemical Society (ACS), 1995, pp. 10565–72, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020\">10.1021/j100026a020</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schmidt_Rosen_Caplan_Pines_Quinton_1995, title={Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24}, volume={99}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/j100026a020\">10.1021/j100026a020</a>}, number={26}, journal={The Journal of Physical Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Schmidt, Claudia and Rosen, M. E. and Caplan, D. F. and Pines, A. and Quinton, M. F.}, year={1995}, pages={10565–10572} }"},"department":[{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"315"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-3179-9997","first_name":"Claudia","full_name":"Schmidt, Claudia","id":"466","last_name":"Schmidt"},{"full_name":"Rosen, M. E.","first_name":"M. E.","last_name":"Rosen"},{"last_name":"Caplan","full_name":"Caplan, D. F.","first_name":"D. F."},{"full_name":"Pines, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Pines"},{"last_name":"Quinton","full_name":"Quinton, M. F.","first_name":"M. F."}],"article_type":"original","intvolume":"        99","_id":"35381","date_updated":"2023-01-07T11:07:39Z","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","date_created":"2023-01-06T13:22:16Z","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3654","1541-5740"]},"year":"1995","keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry","General Engineering"],"user_id":"466","extern":"1","title":"Orientation and Motion of Tetrahydrofuran in Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Proton NMR Studies of Cs(THF)1.3C24 and K(THF)2.5C24","doi":"10.1021/j100026a020","volume":99,"page":"10565-10572","issue":"26","quality_controlled":"1","publication":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry","type":"journal_article"},{"_id":"35382","date_updated":"2023-01-07T11:07:05Z","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","date_created":"2023-01-06T13:22:29Z","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0743-7463","1520-5827"]},"year":"1995","publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Lukaschek, Michail, David A. Grabowski, and Claudia Schmidt. “Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR.” <i>Langmuir</i> 11, no. 9 (1995): 3590–94. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050\">https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050</a>.","short":"M. Lukaschek, D.A. Grabowski, C. Schmidt, Langmuir 11 (1995) 3590–3594.","ieee":"M. Lukaschek, D. A. Grabowski, and C. Schmidt, “Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR,” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 3590–3594, 1995, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050\">10.1021/la00009a050</a>.","mla":"Lukaschek, Michail, et al. “Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR.” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 11, no. 9, American Chemical Society (ACS), 1995, pp. 3590–94, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050\">10.1021/la00009a050</a>.","ama":"Lukaschek M, Grabowski DA, Schmidt C. Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR. <i>Langmuir</i>. 1995;11(9):3590-3594. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050\">10.1021/la00009a050</a>","bibtex":"@article{Lukaschek_Grabowski_Schmidt_1995, title={Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050\">10.1021/la00009a050</a>}, number={9}, journal={Langmuir}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Lukaschek, Michail and Grabowski, David A. and Schmidt, Claudia}, year={1995}, pages={3590–3594} }","apa":"Lukaschek, M., Grabowski, D. A., &#38; Schmidt, C. (1995). Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR. <i>Langmuir</i>, <i>11</i>(9), 3590–3594. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050\">https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a050</a>"},"department":[{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"315"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Lukaschek","first_name":"Michail","full_name":"Lukaschek, Michail"},{"last_name":"Grabowski","full_name":"Grabowski, David A.","first_name":"David A."},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3179-9997","last_name":"Schmidt","id":"466","full_name":"Schmidt, Claudia","first_name":"Claudia"}],"article_type":"original","intvolume":"        11","volume":11,"page":"3590-3594","issue":"9","publication":"Langmuir","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Electrochemistry","Spectroscopy","Surfaces and Interfaces","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science"],"user_id":"466","extern":"1","title":"Shear-Induced Alignment of a Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystal as Studied by Rheo-NMR","doi":"10.1021/la00009a050"},{"date_updated":"2023-01-07T11:06:27Z","_id":"35380","year":"1995","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1022-1336","1521-3927"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","date_created":"2023-01-06T13:22:01Z","publisher":"Wiley","department":[{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"315"}],"citation":{"mla":"Fischer, Peter, et al. “Amphiphilic Liquid-Crystalline Networks — Phase Behavior and Alignment by Mechanical Fields.” <i>Macromolecular Rapid Communications</i>, vol. 16, no. 6, Wiley, 1995, pp. 435–47, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605\">10.1002/marc.1995.030160605</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Fischer_Schmidt_Finkelmann_1995, title={Amphiphilic liquid-crystalline networks — phase behavior and alignment by mechanical fields}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605\">10.1002/marc.1995.030160605</a>}, number={6}, journal={Macromolecular Rapid Communications}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Fischer, Peter and Schmidt, Claudia and Finkelmann, Heino}, year={1995}, pages={435–447} }","ama":"Fischer P, Schmidt C, Finkelmann H. Amphiphilic liquid-crystalline networks — phase behavior and alignment by mechanical fields. <i>Macromolecular Rapid Communications</i>. 1995;16(6):435-447. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605\">10.1002/marc.1995.030160605</a>","apa":"Fischer, P., Schmidt, C., &#38; Finkelmann, H. (1995). Amphiphilic liquid-crystalline networks — phase behavior and alignment by mechanical fields. <i>Macromolecular Rapid Communications</i>, <i>16</i>(6), 435–447. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605\">https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605</a>","short":"P. Fischer, C. Schmidt, H. Finkelmann, Macromolecular Rapid Communications 16 (1995) 435–447.","chicago":"Fischer, Peter, Claudia Schmidt, and Heino Finkelmann. “Amphiphilic Liquid-Crystalline Networks — Phase Behavior and Alignment by Mechanical Fields.” <i>Macromolecular Rapid Communications</i> 16, no. 6 (1995): 435–47. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605\">https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605</a>.","ieee":"P. Fischer, C. Schmidt, and H. Finkelmann, “Amphiphilic liquid-crystalline networks — phase behavior and alignment by mechanical fields,” <i>Macromolecular Rapid Communications</i>, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 435–447, 1995, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160605\">10.1002/marc.1995.030160605</a>."},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        16","article_type":"original","author":[{"full_name":"Fischer, Peter","first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Fischer"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3179-9997","id":"466","last_name":"Schmidt","full_name":"Schmidt, Claudia","first_name":"Claudia"},{"last_name":"Finkelmann","first_name":"Heino","full_name":"Finkelmann, Heino"}],"issue":"6","page":"435-447","volume":16,"type":"journal_article","publication":"Macromolecular Rapid Communications","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"466","keyword":["Materials Chemistry","Polymers and Plastics","Organic Chemistry"],"doi":"10.1002/marc.1995.030160605","title":"Amphiphilic liquid-crystalline networks — phase behavior and alignment by mechanical fields","extern":"1"},{"date_updated":"2023-01-24T12:07:33Z","_id":"39541","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1995","type":"conference","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0-8186-7045-2"]},"date_created":"2023-01-24T12:07:26Z","publication":"Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages","department":[{"_id":"672"}],"keyword":["Animation","Timing","Debugging","Ethernet networks","Multiaccess communication","Protocols","Computer languages","Prototypes","Environmental management","Visualization"],"user_id":"5786","citation":{"chicago":"Lehrenfeld, Georg, Wolfgang Müller, and C. Tahedl. “Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation.” In <i>Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages</i>.  Darmstadt, Germany , 1995. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803\">https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803</a>.","ieee":"G. Lehrenfeld, W. Müller, and C. Tahedl, “Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation,” 1995, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803\">10.1109/VL.1995.520803</a>.","apa":"Lehrenfeld, G., Müller, W., &#38; Tahedl, C. (1995). Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation. <i>Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803\">https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803</a>","ama":"Lehrenfeld G, Müller W, Tahedl C. Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation. In: <i>Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages</i>. ; 1995. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803\">10.1109/VL.1995.520803</a>","short":"G. Lehrenfeld, W. Müller, C. Tahedl, in: Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages,  Darmstadt, Germany , 1995.","mla":"Lehrenfeld, Georg, et al. “Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation.” <i>Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages</i>, 1995, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803\">10.1109/VL.1995.520803</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Lehrenfeld_Müller_Tahedl_1995, place={ Darmstadt, Germany }, title={Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1995.520803\">10.1109/VL.1995.520803</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of Symposium on Visual Languages}, author={Lehrenfeld, Georg and Müller, Wolfgang and Tahedl, C.}, year={1995} }"},"doi":"10.1109/VL.1995.520803","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We investigate a translation of SDL diagrams into the complete visual representation of Pictorial Janus (PJ) programs in order to analyze the specification by visual debugging and animation. We additionally introduce timing concepts to PJ (Timed PJ) for a mapping of the SDL timing statements. The concepts transforming SDL interaction and process diagrams into Timed PJ are outlined by an example sketching the transformation of an Ethernet CSMA/CD protocol specification."}],"place":" Darmstadt, Germany ","author":[{"last_name":"Lehrenfeld","first_name":"Georg","full_name":"Lehrenfeld, Georg"},{"last_name":"Müller","id":"16243","full_name":"Müller, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"first_name":"C.","full_name":"Tahedl, C.","last_name":"Tahedl"}],"title":"Transforming SDL Diagrams Into a Complete Visual Representation"},{"department":[{"_id":"313"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Vorflusev_Kitzerow_Chigrinov_1995, title={Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films}, volume={34}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137\">10.1143/jjap.34.l1137</a>}, number={9AL1137}, journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Vorflusev, Valery P. and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried and Chigrinov, Vladimir G.}, year={1995} }","mla":"Vorflusev, Valery P., et al. “Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films.” <i>Japanese Journal of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 34, no. 9A, L1137, IOP Publishing, 1995, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137\">10.1143/jjap.34.l1137</a>.","short":"V.P. Vorflusev, H.-S. Kitzerow, V.G. Chigrinov, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 34 (1995).","apa":"Vorflusev, V. P., Kitzerow, H.-S., &#38; Chigrinov, V. G. (1995). Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films. <i>Japanese Journal of Applied Physics</i>, <i>34</i>(9A), Article L1137. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137\">https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137</a>","ama":"Vorflusev VP, Kitzerow H-S, Chigrinov VG. Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films. <i>Japanese Journal of Applied Physics</i>. 1995;34(9A). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137\">10.1143/jjap.34.l1137</a>","ieee":"V. P. Vorflusev, H.-S. Kitzerow, and V. G. Chigrinov, “Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films,” <i>Japanese Journal of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 34, no. 9A, Art. no. L1137, 1995, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137\">10.1143/jjap.34.l1137</a>.","chicago":"Vorflusev, Valery P., Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow, and Vladimir G. Chigrinov. “Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films.” <i>Japanese Journal of Applied Physics</i> 34, no. 9A (1995). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137\">https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.l1137</a>."},"intvolume":"        34","author":[{"last_name":"Vorflusev","full_name":"Vorflusev, Valery P.","first_name":"Valery P."},{"last_name":"Kitzerow","id":"254","full_name":"Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried","first_name":"Heinz-Siegfried"},{"last_name":"Chigrinov","first_name":"Vladimir G.","full_name":"Chigrinov, Vladimir G."}],"date_updated":"2023-01-26T11:52:46Z","_id":"40315","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-4922","1347-4065"]},"year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_created":"2023-01-26T11:01:37Z","user_id":"254","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy","General Engineering"],"doi":"10.1143/jjap.34.l1137","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p> \r\n   Most electrooptic effects in liquid crystals require a uniform orientation of the director at the glass substrates. A new method to produce suitable alignment layers is based on the creation of anisotropic polymer films by photopolymerization with linearly polarized light. In the present paper we report on measurements of the anchoring strength of these photo-induced anisotropic films. Using a wedge-cell technique, we find an azimuthal anchoring energy of <jats:italic>W</jats:italic>\r\n                  <jats:sub>ϕ</jats:sub>≈2.3·10<jats:sup>-6</jats:sup>  J/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. \r\n   </jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","title":"Azimuthal Anchoring Energy in Photoinduced Anisotropic Films","issue":"9A","article_number":"L1137","volume":34,"type":"journal_article","publication":"Japanese Journal of Applied Physics"}]