---
_id: '24551'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Access to precise meteorological data is crucial to be able to plan and install
    renewable energy systems \r\nsuch as solar power plants and wind farms. In case
    of solar energy, knowledge of local irradiance and air temperature \r\nvalues
    is very important. For this, various methods can be used such as installing local
    weather stations or using \r\nmeteorological data from different organizations
    such as Meteonorm or official Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). An \r\nalternative
    is to use satellite reanalysis datasets provided by organizations like the National
    Aeronautics and Space \r\nAdministration (NASA) and European Centre for Medium-Range
    Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). In this paper the \r\n“Modern-Era Retrospective analysis
    for Research and Applications” dataset version 2 (MERRA-2) will be presented,
    \r\nand its performance will be evaluated by comparing it to locally measured
    datasets provided by Meteonorm and DWD. \r\nThe analysis shows very high correlation
    between MERRA-2 and local measurements (correlation coefficients of 0.99) \r\nfor
    monthly global irradiance and air temperature values. The results prove the suitability
    of MERRA-2 data for \r\napplications requiring long historical data. Moreover,
    availability of MERRA-2 for the whole world with an acceptable \r\nresolution
    makes it a very valuable dataset."
author:
- first_name: Arash
  full_name: Khatibi, Arash
  id: '43538'
  last_name: Khatibi
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
citation:
  ama: 'Khatibi A, Krauter S. Comparison and Validation of Irradiance Data: Satellite
    Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather Service (DWD).
    In: <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and
    Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>. ; 2021:1141-1147. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11</a>'
  apa: 'Khatibi, A., &#38; Krauter, S. (2021). Comparison and Validation of Irradiance
    Data: Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather
    Service (DWD). <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1141–1147. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Khatibi_Krauter_2021, title={Comparison and Validation of
    Irradiance Data: Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German
    Weather Service (DWD)}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)}, author={Khatibi, Arash and Krauter, Stefan}, year={2021},
    pages={1141–1147} }'
  chicago: 'Khatibi, Arash, and Stefan Krauter. “Comparison and Validation of Irradiance
    Data: Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather
    Service (DWD).” In <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy
    Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1141–47, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Khatibi and S. Krauter, “Comparison and Validation of Irradiance Data:
    Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather Service
    (DWD),” in <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1141–1147, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11</a>.'
  mla: 'Khatibi, Arash, and Stefan Krauter. “Comparison and Validation of Irradiance
    Data: Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather
    Service (DWD).” <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy
    Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1141–47, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11</a>.'
  short: 'A. Khatibi, S. Krauter, in: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic
    Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021), 2021, pp. 1141–1147.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-09-10
  name: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
    2021)
  start_date: 2021-09-06
date_created: 2021-09-16T10:20:41Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:29:51Z
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-5BV.4.11
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: krauter
  date_created: 2022-01-06T13:26:47Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:26:47Z
  file_id: '29176'
  file_name: Khatibi Krauter - MERRA 2 vs Meteonorm - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf
  file_size: 2475972
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:26:47Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Energy potential estimation
- Photovoltaic
- Solar radiation
- Temperature measurement
- Satellite data
- Meteonorm
- MERRA-2
- DWD
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1141 - 1147
publication: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
  and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 3-936338-78-7
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Comparison and Validation of Irradiance Data: Satellite Meteorological Dataset
  MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather Service (DWD)'
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '24550'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Efficiencies and energy yields of microinverters available on the market
    during 2014‒2021 have been \r\nmeasured, compared, and ranked. Conversion efficiencies
    as a function of load have been measured indoors with high \r\naccuracy and ranked
    according to Euro- and CEC weightings. Energy yields have been measured outdoors
    via \r\nidentical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp (until
    2020) and 360 Wp (starting 2021). Inverters \r\nwith two inputs have been fed
    by two of those modules. DC input, AC power output and energy yield of each micro\x02inverter
    have been recorded by individual calibrated electricity meters. CEC and EU efficiency
    rankings have been \r\ncomputed and compared. To assess the influence of PV module
    size, two extremes have been investigated: A rather \r\nsmall module with 215
    Wp - as it has been used 10 years ago, and a brand-new module (2021) offering
    360 Wp. Both \r\ntypes of modules contain 60 solar cells in series connection.
    Appling the low-power modules, the challenge for the \r\ndifferent micro-inverters
    has been during weak-light conditions, using the high-power modules, some inverters
    \r\ntemporarily reach their power limits and yield is reduced. A method using
    a reference configuration of inverter & \r\nmodule and a linear equation y = ax
    + b resulting in the actual yield, any module & inverter configuration can be
    \r\ncharacterized by just the coefficients a and b."
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Bendfeld, Jörg
  id: '16148'
  last_name: Bendfeld
citation:
  ama: 'Krauter S, Bendfeld J. Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module
    Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields. In: <i>Proceedings of the 38th
    European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)</i>.
    ; 2021:659-663. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>'
  apa: 'Krauter, S., &#38; Bendfeld, J. (2021). Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
    Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields. <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 659–663. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Bendfeld_2021, title={Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
    Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg},
    year={2021}, pages={659–663} }'
  chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Jörg Bendfeld. “Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
    Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 659–63, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Krauter and J. Bendfeld, “Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence
    of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields,” in <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 659–663, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>.'
  mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Jörg Bendfeld. “Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence
    of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields.” <i>Proceedings of
    the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 659–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>.'
  short: 'S. Krauter, J. Bendfeld, in: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic
    Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021), 2021, pp. 659–663.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-09-10
  name: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
    2021)
  start_date: 2021-09-06
date_created: 2021-09-16T10:17:11Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:22:03Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: krauter
  date_created: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
  file_id: '29175'
  file_name: Krauter Bendfeld - Module size Microinverters - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf
  file_size: 5413518
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- AC-modules
- Microinverter
- Power Conditioning
- Efficiency
- Yield
- PV module size
- saturation
- performance
language:
- iso: eng
page: 659 - 663
publication: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
  and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 3-936338-78-7
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module Size on Conversion
  Efficiencies and Energy Yields'
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '24540'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "With its growing population and industrialization, DREs, and solar technologies
    in particular, provide a \r\nsustainable means of bridging the current energy
    deficit in Africa, increasing supply reliability and meeting future \r\ndemand.
    Data acquisition and data management systems allow real time monitoring and control
    of energy systems as \r\nwell as performance analysis. However commercial data
    acquisition systems often have cost implications that are \r\nprohibitive for
    small PV systems and installations in developing countries.\r\nIn this paper,
    a multi-user, multi-purpose microgrid database system is designed and implemented.
    MAVOWATT \r\n270 power quality analyzers by GOSSEN METRAWATT, raspberry pi modules
    and sensors are used for measuring, \r\nrecording and storing electrical and meteorological
    data in East Africa. Socio-economic data is also stored in the\r\ndatabase. The
    designed system employs open source software and hardware solutions which are
    best suited to \r\ndeveloping regions like East Africa due to the lower cost implications.\r\nThe
    expected results promise a comprehensive database covering different electro-technical
    and socio-economic \r\nparameters useful for optimal design of microgrid systems."
author:
- first_name: Josephine Nakato
  full_name: Kakande, Josephine Nakato
  id: '88649'
  last_name: Kakande
- first_name: Godiana Hagile
  full_name: Philipo, Godiana Hagile
  id: '88505'
  last_name: Philipo
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
citation:
  ama: 'Kakande JN, Philipo GH, Krauter S. Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa
    for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
    2021)</i>. ; 2021:1505-1510. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>'
  apa: Kakande, J. N., Philipo, G. H., &#38; Krauter, S. (2021). Load Data Acquisition
    in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures.
    <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition
    (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1505–1510. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kakande_Philipo_Krauter_2021, title={Load Data Acquisition
    in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)}, author={Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo,
    Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}, year={2021}, pages={1505–1510} }'
  chicago: Kakande, Josephine Nakato, Godiana Hagile Philipo, and Stefan Krauter.
    “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management
    Measures.” In <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1505–10, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.
  ieee: 'J. N. Kakande, G. H. Philipo, and S. Krauter, “Load Data Acquisition in Rural
    East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures,”
    in <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and
    Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1505–1510, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.'
  mla: Kakande, Josephine Nakato, et al. “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa
    for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures.” <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
    2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1505–10, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.
  short: 'J.N. Kakande, G.H. Philipo, S. Krauter, in: Proceedings of the 38th European
    Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021), 2021, pp.
    1505–1510.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-09-10
  name: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
    2021)
  start_date: 2021-09-06
date_created: 2021-09-16T05:52:50Z
date_updated: 2024-10-17T08:45:50Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: krauter
  date_created: 2022-01-06T13:11:59Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:11:59Z
  file_id: '29174'
  file_name: Kakande Philipo Krauter - Load Data Aquisition ART-D - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf
  file_size: 1343406
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:11:59Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Art-D
- Afrika
- Demand side management
- MySQL
- Raspberry pi
- Data acquisition
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1505-1510
publication: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
  and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 3-936338-78-7
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and
  Demand–Side–Management Measures
type: conference
user_id: '16148'
year: '2021'
...