---
_id: '17264'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding
    infants’ learning processes. Infants seem sensitive to tutoring situations and
    they detect these by ostensive cues [4]. Some social signals such as eye-gaze,
    child-directed speech (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency
    have been shown to serve as ostensive cues. The concept of contingency describes
    exchanges in which two agents interact with each other reciprocally. Csibra and
    Gergely argued that contingency is a characteristic ostensive stimulus of a tutoring
    situation [4]. In order for a robot to be treated similar to an infant, it has
    to both, be sensitive to the ostensive stimuli on the one hand and induce tutoring
    behavior by its feedback about its capabilities on the other hand. In this paper,
    we raise the question whether a robot can be treated similar to an infant in an
    interaction. We present results concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in
    a social learning scenario, which we obtained via comparison to interactions with
    8-11 months old infants and adults in equal conditions. We applied measurements
    for motion modifications (Motionese) and eye-gaze behavior. Our results reveal
    significant differences between Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), Adult-Adult Interaction
    (AAI) and Adult- Robot Interaction (ARI) suggesting that in ARI, robotdirected
    tutoring behavior is even more accentuated in terms of Motionese, but contingent
    responsivity is impaired. Our results confirm previous findings [14] concerning
    the differences between ACI, AAI, and ARI and constitute an important empirical
    basis for making use of ostensive stimuli as social signals for tutoring behavior
    in social robotics.
author:
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
  full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
  last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
  full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
  last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Jannik
  full_name: Fritsch, Jannik
  last_name: Fritsch
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
citation:
  ama: 'Lohan KS, Vollmer A-L, Fritsch J, Rohlfing K, Wrede B. Which ostensive stimuli
    can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring situations? In: <i>IEEE
    International Workshop on Social Signal Processing</i>. International Computer
    Science Institute; 2009. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>'
  apa: Lohan, K. S., Vollmer, A.-L., Fritsch, J., Rohlfing, K., &#38; Wrede, B. (2009).
    Which ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring
    situations? <i>IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal Processing</i>. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lohan_Vollmer_Fritsch_Rohlfing_Wrede_2009, title={Which
    ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring situations?},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>},
    booktitle={IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal Processing}, publisher={International
    Computer Science Institute}, author={Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
    and Fritsch, Jannik and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta}, year={2009} }'
  chicago: Lohan, Katrin Solveig, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Jannik Fritsch, Katharina Rohlfing,
    and Britta Wrede. “Which Ostensive Stimuli Can Be Used for a Robot to Detect and
    Maintain Tutoring Situations?” In <i>IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal
    Processing</i>. International Computer Science Institute, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>.
  ieee: 'K. S. Lohan, A.-L. Vollmer, J. Fritsch, K. Rohlfing, and B. Wrede, “Which
    ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring situations?,”
    2009, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>.'
  mla: Lohan, Katrin Solveig, et al. “Which Ostensive Stimuli Can Be Used for a Robot
    to Detect and Maintain Tutoring Situations?” <i>IEEE International Workshop on
    Social Signal Processing</i>, International Computer Science Institute, 2009,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>.
  short: 'K.S. Lohan, A.-L. Vollmer, J. Fritsch, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, in: IEEE International
    Workshop on Social Signal Processing, International Computer Science Institute,
    2009.'
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:02:33Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T13:04:03Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1109/acii.2009.5349507
keyword:
- Ostensive Signals
- Contingency
- Motionese
- hri
language:
- iso: eng
publication: IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal Processing
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781424448005'
publisher: International Computer Science Institute
status: public
title: Which ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring
  situations?
type: conference
user_id: '14931'
year: '2009'
...