---
_id: '57892'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The present paper discusses the extent to which Large Language Models (LLMs)
    may affect the scientific enterprise, reinforcing or mitigating existing structural
    inequalities expressed by the Matthew Effect and introducing a “bot delusion”
    in academia. In a theory-led thought experiment, we first focus on the academic
    publication and citation system and develop three scenarios of the anticipated
    consequences of using LLMs: reproducing content and status quo (Scenario 1), enabling
    content coherence evaluation (Scenario 2) and content evaluation (Scenario 3).
    Second, we discuss the interaction between the use of LLMs and academic (counter)norms
    for citation selection and their impact on the publication and citation system.
    Finally, we introduce communal counter-norms to capture academics’ loyal citation
    behavior and develop three future scenarios that academia may face when LLMs are
    widely used in the research process, namely status quo future of science, mixed-access
    future, and open science future.'
article_number: '103537'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Wieczorek, Oliver
  last_name: Wieczorek
- first_name: Isabel
  full_name: Steinhardt, Isabel
  id: '90339'
  last_name: Steinhardt
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-6189
- first_name: Rebecca
  full_name: Schmidt, Rebecca
  id: '94416'
  last_name: Schmidt
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-359X
- first_name: Sylvi
  full_name: Mauermeister, Sylvi
  id: '98032'
  last_name: Mauermeister
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Schneijderberg, Christian
  last_name: Schneijderberg
citation:
  ama: Wieczorek O, Steinhardt I, Schmidt R, Mauermeister S, Schneijderberg C. The
    Bot Delusion. Large language models and anticipated consequences for academics’
    publication and citation behavior. <i>Futures</i>. 2024;166. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537">10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537</a>
  apa: Wieczorek, O., Steinhardt, I., Schmidt, R., Mauermeister, S., &#38; Schneijderberg,
    C. (2024). The Bot Delusion. Large language models and anticipated consequences
    for academics’ publication and citation behavior. <i>Futures</i>, <i>166</i>,
    Article 103537. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Wieczorek_Steinhardt_Schmidt_Mauermeister_Schneijderberg_2024,
    title={The Bot Delusion. Large language models and anticipated consequences for
    academics’ publication and citation behavior}, volume={166}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537">10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537</a>},
    number={103537}, journal={Futures}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wieczorek,
    Oliver and Steinhardt, Isabel and Schmidt, Rebecca and Mauermeister, Sylvi and
    Schneijderberg, Christian}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Wieczorek, Oliver, Isabel Steinhardt, Rebecca Schmidt, Sylvi Mauermeister,
    and Christian Schneijderberg. “The Bot Delusion. Large Language Models and Anticipated
    Consequences for Academics’ Publication and Citation Behavior.” <i>Futures</i>
    166 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537</a>.
  ieee: 'O. Wieczorek, I. Steinhardt, R. Schmidt, S. Mauermeister, and C. Schneijderberg,
    “The Bot Delusion. Large language models and anticipated consequences for academics’
    publication and citation behavior,” <i>Futures</i>, vol. 166, Art. no. 103537,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537">10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537</a>.'
  mla: Wieczorek, Oliver, et al. “The Bot Delusion. Large Language Models and Anticipated
    Consequences for Academics’ Publication and Citation Behavior.” <i>Futures</i>,
    vol. 166, 103537, Elsevier BV, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537">10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537</a>.
  short: O. Wieczorek, I. Steinhardt, R. Schmidt, S. Mauermeister, C. Schneijderberg,
    Futures 166 (2024).
date_created: 2024-12-31T08:30:51Z
date_updated: 2024-12-31T08:36:28Z
department:
- _id: '121'
doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2024.103537
intvolume: '       166'
keyword:
- Large Language Models
- Matthew Effect
- Academic Publishing and Citation Systems
- Scientific Norms
- Thought Experiment
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328724002209?via%3Dihub
oa: '1'
publication: Futures
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-3287
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The Bot Delusion. Large language models and anticipated consequences for academics’
  publication and citation behavior
type: journal_article
user_id: '90339'
volume: 166
year: '2024'
...