@article{63531,
  author       = {{Doshi, Siddharth and Güsken, Nicholas Alexander and Dijk, Gerwin and Carlström, Johan and Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E. and Suzuki, Peter and Li, Bohan and Fordyce, Polly M. and Salleo, Alberto and Melosh, Nicholas A. and Brongersma, Mark L.}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  number       = {{8096}},
  pages        = {{345--352}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Soft photonic skins with dynamic texture and colour control}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2}},
  volume       = {{649}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{66414,
  author       = {{Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel and Aguero-Santacruz, Raul and Bermudez, David and Leonhardt, Ulf}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  number       = {{8122}},
  pages        = {{336--341}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3}},
  volume       = {{655}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{59663,
  abstract     = {{Controlling the intensity of emitted light and charge current is the basis of transferring and processing information1. By contrast, robust information storage and magnetic random-access memories are implemented using the spin of the carrier and the associated magnetization in ferromagnets2. The missing link between the respective disciplines of photonics, electronics and spintronics is to modulate the circular polarization of the emitted light, rather than its intensity, by electrically controlled magnetization. Here we demonstrate that this missing link is established at room temperature and zero applied magnetic field in light-emitting diodes2,3,4,5,6,7, through the transfer of angular momentum between photons, electrons and ferromagnets. With spin–orbit torque8,9,10,11, a charge current generates also a spin current to electrically switch the magnetization. This switching determines the spin orientation of injected carriers into semiconductors, in which the transfer of angular momentum from the electron spin to photon controls the circular polarization of the emitted light2. The spin–photon conversion with the nonvolatile control of magnetization opens paths to seamlessly integrate information transfer, processing and storage. Our results provide substantial advances towards electrically controlled ultrafast modulation of circular polarization and spin injection with magnetization dynamics for the next-generation information and communication technology12, including space–light data transfer. The same operating principle in scaled-down structures or using two-dimensional materials will enable transformative opportunities for quantum information processing with spin-controlled single-photon sources, as well as for implementing spin-dependent time-resolved spectroscopies.}},
  author       = {{Dainone, Pambiang Abel and Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo and Renucci, Pierre and Bouché, Alexandre and Morassi, Martina and Devaux, Xavier and Lindemann, Markus and George, Jean-Marie and Jaffrès, Henri and Lemaitre, Aristide and Xu, Bo and Stoffel, Mathieu and Chen, Tongxin and Lombez, Laurent and Lagarde, Delphine and Cong, Guangwei and Ma, Tianyi and Pigeat, Philippe and Vergnat, Michel and Rinnert, Hervé and Marie, Xavier and Han, Xiufeng and Mangin, Stephane and Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos and Wang, Jian-Ping and Beard, Matthew C. and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher and Žutić, Igor and Lu, Yuan}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  keywords     = {{Lasers, LEDs and light sources, Spintronics}},
  number       = {{8005}},
  pages        = {{783--788}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5}},
  volume       = {{627}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{59687,
  abstract     = {{Lasers have both ubiquitous applications and roles as model systems in which non-equilibrium and cooperative phenomena can be elucidated1. The introduction of novel concepts in laser operation thus has potential to lead to both new applications and fundamental insights2. Spintronics3, in which both the spin and the charge of the electron are used, has led to the development of spin-lasers, in which charge-carrier spin and photon spin are exploited. Here we show experimentally that the coupling between carrier spin and light polarization in common semiconductor lasers can enable room-temperature modulation frequencies above 200 gigahertz, exceeding by nearly an order of magnitude the best conventional semiconductor lasers. Surprisingly, this ultrafast operation of the resultant spin-laser relies on a short carrier spin relaxation time and a large anisotropy of the refractive index, both of which are commonly viewed as detrimental in spintronics3 and conventional lasers4. Our results overcome the key speed limitations of conventional directly modulated lasers and offer a prospect for the next generation of low-energy ultrafast optical communication.}},
  author       = {{Lindemann, Markus and Xu, Gaofeng and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik, Rainer and Hofmann, Martin R. and Žutić, Igor and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  number       = {{7751}},
  pages        = {{212--215}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Ultrafast spin-lasers}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y}},
  volume       = {{568}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{13419,
  author       = {{Frigge, T. and Hafke, B. and Witte, T. and Krenzer, B. and Streubühr, C. and Samad Syed, A. and Mikšić Trontl, V. and Avigo, I. and Zhou, P. and Ligges, M. and von der Linde, D. and Bovensiepen, U. and Horn-von Hoegen, M. and Wippermann, S. and Lücke, A. and Sanna, S. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  pages        = {{207--211}},
  title        = {{{Optically excited structural transition in atomic wires on surfaces at the quantum limit}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/nature21432}},
  volume       = {{544}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@article{1725,
  author       = {{Liu, Ming and Yin, Xiaobo and Ulin-Avila, Erick and Geng, Baisong and Zentgraf, Thomas and Ju, Long and Wang, Feng and Zhang, Xiang}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  number       = {{7349}},
  pages        = {{64--67}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature}},
  title        = {{{A graphene-based broadband optical modulator}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/nature10067}},
  volume       = {{474}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@article{1735,
  author       = {{Oulton, Rupert F. and Sorger, Volker J. and Zentgraf, Thomas and Ma, Ren-Min and Gladden, Christopher and Dai, Lun and Bartal, Guy and Zhang, Xiang}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  number       = {{7264}},
  pages        = {{629--632}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature}},
  title        = {{{Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/nature08364}},
  volume       = {{461}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

@article{1738,
  author       = {{Valentine, Jason and Zhang, Shuang and Zentgraf, Thomas and Ulin-Avila, Erick and Genov, Dentcho A. and Bartal, Guy and Zhang, Xiang}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{Nature}},
  number       = {{7211}},
  pages        = {{376--379}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Nature}},
  title        = {{{Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/nature07247}},
  volume       = {{455}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}