---
_id: '63192'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a widely used material with several desirable
physical properties, such as high second-order nonlinear optical and strong electro-optical
effects. Thus LiNbO3 is used for various applications such as electro-optic modulation
or nonlinear frequency conversion and mixing. But LiNbO3 also exhibits a strong
photorefractive effect, which limits the intensity of the optical fields involved.
Various approaches to reduce the photorefractive effect have been investigated,
such as increasing the temperature, doping the crystal or using different waveguide
designs in LiNbO3. Here, we present an analysis of the approach to increase the
photorefractive damage threshold by using different waveguide designs. Contrary
to previous claims and investigations, our SHG measurements revealed no significant
difference in resistance to photorefractive damage when comparing conventional
Ti-doped channel waveguides and Ti-doped diced ridge waveguides in LiNbO3. Furthermore,
we have investigated the effect of photorefractive cleaning and curing using a
light field at 532 nm. Here, we observe a reduction in the photorefractive effect
at room temperature during and after SHG measurements, which is an easy alternative
to conventional approaches.
article_number: '114260'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michelle
full_name: Kirsch, Michelle
id: '69553'
last_name: Kirsch
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Kießler, Christian
id: '44252'
last_name: Kießler
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
id: '44373'
last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Stefszky, Michael
id: '42777'
last_name: Stefszky
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Herrmann, Harald
id: '216'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
ama: Kirsch M, Kießler C, Lengeling S, et al. Photorefraction and in-situ optical
cleaning in various types of LiNbO3 waveguides. Optics & Laser Technology.
2025;193. doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260
apa: Kirsch, M., Kießler, C., Lengeling, S., Stefszky, M., Eigner, C., Herrmann,
H., & Silberhorn, C. (2025). Photorefraction and in-situ optical cleaning
in various types of LiNbO3 waveguides. Optics & Laser Technology, 193,
Article 114260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260
bibtex: '@article{Kirsch_Kießler_Lengeling_Stefszky_Eigner_Herrmann_Silberhorn_2025,
title={Photorefraction and in-situ optical cleaning in various types of LiNbO3
waveguides}, volume={193}, DOI={10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260},
number={114260}, journal={Optics & Laser Technology}, publisher={Elsevier
BV}, author={Kirsch, Michelle and Kießler, Christian and Lengeling, Sebastian
and Stefszky, Michael and Eigner, Christof and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn,
Christine}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Kirsch, Michelle, Christian Kießler, Sebastian Lengeling, Michael Stefszky,
Christof Eigner, Harald Herrmann, and Christine Silberhorn. “Photorefraction and
In-Situ Optical Cleaning in Various Types of LiNbO3 Waveguides.” Optics &
Laser Technology 193 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260.
ieee: 'M. Kirsch et al., “Photorefraction and in-situ optical cleaning in
various types of LiNbO3 waveguides,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol.
193, Art. no. 114260, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260.'
mla: Kirsch, Michelle, et al. “Photorefraction and In-Situ Optical Cleaning in Various
Types of LiNbO3 Waveguides.” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 193, 114260,
Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260.
short: M. Kirsch, C. Kießler, S. Lengeling, M. Stefszky, C. Eigner, H. Herrmann,
C. Silberhorn, Optics & Laser Technology 193 (2025).
date_created: 2025-12-18T08:17:57Z
date_updated: 2025-12-18T08:27:13Z
department:
- _id: '288'
- _id: '623'
- _id: '15'
doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114260
intvolume: ' 193'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030399225018511?via%3Dihub
oa: '1'
publication: Optics & Laser Technology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0030-3992
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Photorefraction and in-situ optical cleaning in various types of LiNbO3 waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '69553'
volume: 193
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '40379'
article_number: '106769'
author:
- first_name: Vladislav
full_name: Sukharnikov, Vladislav
last_name: Sukharnikov
- first_name: Polina
full_name: Sharapova, Polina
id: '60286'
last_name: Sharapova
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Tikhonova, Olga
last_name: Tikhonova
citation:
ama: Sukharnikov V, Sharapova P, Tikhonova O. Managing spectral properties and Schmidt
mode content of squeezed vacuum light using sum-frequency converter. Optics
& Laser Technology. 2021;136. doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769
apa: Sukharnikov, V., Sharapova, P., & Tikhonova, O. (2021). Managing spectral
properties and Schmidt mode content of squeezed vacuum light using sum-frequency
converter. Optics & Laser Technology, 136, Article 106769.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769
bibtex: '@article{Sukharnikov_Sharapova_Tikhonova_2021, title={Managing spectral
properties and Schmidt mode content of squeezed vacuum light using sum-frequency
converter}, volume={136}, DOI={10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769},
number={106769}, journal={Optics & Laser Technology}, publisher={Elsevier
BV}, author={Sukharnikov, Vladislav and Sharapova, Polina and Tikhonova, Olga},
year={2021} }'
chicago: Sukharnikov, Vladislav, Polina Sharapova, and Olga Tikhonova. “Managing
Spectral Properties and Schmidt Mode Content of Squeezed Vacuum Light Using Sum-Frequency
Converter.” Optics & Laser Technology 136 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769.
ieee: 'V. Sukharnikov, P. Sharapova, and O. Tikhonova, “Managing spectral properties
and Schmidt mode content of squeezed vacuum light using sum-frequency converter,”
Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 136, Art. no. 106769, 2021, doi:
10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769.'
mla: Sukharnikov, Vladislav, et al. “Managing Spectral Properties and Schmidt Mode
Content of Squeezed Vacuum Light Using Sum-Frequency Converter.” Optics &
Laser Technology, vol. 136, 106769, Elsevier BV, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769.
short: V. Sukharnikov, P. Sharapova, O. Tikhonova, Optics & Laser Technology
136 (2021).
date_created: 2023-01-26T14:03:44Z
date_updated: 2025-12-16T11:27:32Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '569'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '35'
doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106769
intvolume: ' 136'
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Optics & Laser Technology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0030-3992
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Managing spectral properties and Schmidt mode content of squeezed vacuum light
using sum-frequency converter
type: journal_article
user_id: '16199'
volume: 136
year: '2021'
...