---
_id: '63830'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: " This study investigates the effect of dispersion gas (DG) flow on the formation
    and properties of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using standardized SpraySyn
    burners (SS1 and SS2). Several diagnostics were employed to characterize the spray
    and nanoparticles. \r\nIncreasing DG flow (6 - 12 slm) results in smaller droplet
    sizes (DS), cooler flame temperatures, shorter high-temperature droplet/particle
    residence times, and smaller agglomerates in the size range of 5 - 12 nm with
    narrower primary particle size distribution, corresponding to higher mass fractal
    dimensions, as supported by TEM and SMPS analysis, resulting in more compact agglomerates.
    BET and TEM confirmed decreasing primary particle sizes with increasing DG flow.
    Raman and XRD analyses predominantly identified maghemite, which shows a bimodal
    distribution of crystallite sizes, while SS1 samples have a greater proportion
    of larger crystallites.\r\nThe self-preserving size distributions of agglomerates
    with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5 are reached faster with increasing
    DG flow. The barrier effect of DG observed in SS1 leads to slower droplet combustion
    kinetics, higher temperatures, and delayed precursor release, which, along with
    downstream flow recirculation, result in significantly higher agglomeration rates
    outside the visible flame. SS2 demonstrates improved atomization, more stable
    flames, and finer, uniform nanoparticles with less carbonaceous residues (CR).
    Conversely, SS1 showed broader DS distributions and higher CR levels on the γ-Fe2O3
    surface, especially at higher DG flow.\r\nThis work highlights the essential role
    of DG flow and nozzle geometry in controlling droplet evaporation, flame stability,
    and nanoparticle growth, offering insights for optimizing SFS and validating numerical
    models.\r\n"
article_number: '121992'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Orlando
  full_name: Massopo, Orlando
  last_name: Massopo
- first_name: Ricardo
  full_name: Tischendorf, Ricardo
  last_name: Tischendorf
- first_name: Munko
  full_name: Gonchikzhapov, Munko
  last_name: Gonchikzhapov
- first_name: Tina
  full_name: Kasper, Tina
  last_name: Kasper
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Augustin, Peter
  last_name: Augustin
- first_name: Burak
  full_name: Özer, Burak
  last_name: Özer
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Reddemann, Manuel
  last_name: Reddemann
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Kneer, Reinhold
  last_name: Kneer
- first_name: Mohammed-Ali
  full_name: Sheikh, Mohammed-Ali
  last_name: Sheikh
- first_name: Aydan Akyildiz
  full_name: Mert, Aydan Akyildiz
  last_name: Mert
- first_name: Hartmut
  full_name: Wiggers, Hartmut
  last_name: Wiggers
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  last_name: Schmid
citation:
  ama: Massopo O, Tischendorf R, Gonchikzhapov M, et al. Influence of dispersion gas
    flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties
    in reference SpraySyn burners. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2025;470. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>
  apa: Massopo, O., Tischendorf, R., Gonchikzhapov, M., Kasper, T., Augustin, P.,
    Özer, B., Reddemann, M., Kneer, R., Sheikh, M.-A., Mert, A. A., Wiggers, H., &#38;
    Schmid, H.-J. (2025). Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics
    and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>470</i>, Article 121992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Massopo_Tischendorf_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_Augustin_Özer_Reddemann_Kneer_Sheikh_Mert_et
    al._2025, title={Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics
    and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners},
    volume={470}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>},
    number={121992}, journal={Powder Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Massopo,
    Orlando and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina and
    Augustin, Peter and Özer, Burak and Reddemann, Manuel and Kneer, Reinhold and
    Sheikh, Mohammed-Ali and Mert, Aydan Akyildiz and et al.}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Massopo, Orlando, Ricardo Tischendorf, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Tina Kasper,
    Peter Augustin, Burak Özer, Manuel Reddemann, et al. “Influence of Dispersion
    Gas Flow on the Spray Characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Formation and
    Properties in Reference SpraySyn Burners.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 470 (2025).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.
  ieee: 'O. Massopo <i>et al.</i>, “Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray
    characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference
    SpraySyn burners,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 470, Art. no. 121992, 2025,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.'
  mla: Massopo, Orlando, et al. “Influence of Dispersion Gas Flow on the Spray Characteristics
    and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Formation and Properties in Reference SpraySyn Burners.”
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 470, 121992, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.
  short: O. Massopo, R. Tischendorf, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, P. Augustin, B.
    Özer, M. Reddemann, R. Kneer, M.-A. Sheikh, A.A. Mert, H. Wiggers, H.-J. Schmid,
    Powder Technology 470 (2025).
date_created: 2026-02-02T11:41:04Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T07:45:44Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992
intvolume: '       470'
keyword:
- Spray flame synthesis
- iron oxide nanoparticle
- SpraySyn burner
- Dispersion gas
- Coaxial atomization
- HiaT-SMPS
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles
  formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners
type: journal_article
user_id: '98419'
volume: 470
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '43128'
article_number: '118460'
author:
- first_name: Moritz Johannes
  full_name: Rüther, Moritz Johannes
  id: '38188'
  last_name: Rüther
- first_name: Sven Helge
  full_name: Klippstein, Sven Helge
  id: '71545'
  last_name: Klippstein
- first_name: SathishKumar
  full_name: Ponusamy, SathishKumar
  id: '77383'
  last_name: Ponusamy
- first_name: Torben
  full_name: Rüther, Torben
  id: '76950'
  last_name: Rüther
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
  orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921
citation:
  ama: Rüther MJ, Klippstein SH, Ponusamy S, Rüther T, Schmid H-J. Flowability of
    polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing. <i>Powder
    Technology</i>. 2023;422. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>
  apa: Rüther, M. J., Klippstein, S. H., Ponusamy, S., Rüther, T., &#38; Schmid, H.-J.
    (2023). Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>422</i>, Article 118460. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Rüther_Klippstein_Ponusamy_Rüther_Schmid_2023, title={Flowability
    of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing}, volume={422},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>},
    number={118460}, journal={Powder Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rüther,
    Moritz Johannes and Klippstein, Sven Helge and Ponusamy, SathishKumar and Rüther,
    Torben and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Rüther, Moritz Johannes, Sven Helge Klippstein, SathishKumar Ponusamy,
    Torben Rüther, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Flowability of Polymer Powders at Elevated
    Temperatures for Additive Manufacturing.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 422 (2023).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>.
  ieee: 'M. J. Rüther, S. H. Klippstein, S. Ponusamy, T. Rüther, and H.-J. Schmid,
    “Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing,”
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 422, Art. no. 118460, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>.'
  mla: Rüther, Moritz Johannes, et al. “Flowability of Polymer Powders at Elevated
    Temperatures for Additive Manufacturing.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 422,
    118460, Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460">10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460</a>.
  short: M.J. Rüther, S.H. Klippstein, S. Ponusamy, T. Rüther, H.-J. Schmid, Powder
    Technology 422 (2023).
date_created: 2023-03-27T19:57:12Z
date_updated: 2023-04-27T12:33:28Z
department:
- _id: '150'
- _id: '624'
- _id: '219'
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118460
intvolume: '       422'
keyword:
- General Chemical Engineering
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Flowability of polymer powders at elevated temperatures for additive manufacturing
type: journal_article
user_id: '71545'
volume: 422
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '26107'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Capillary forces are very important considering the handling of powders as
    they, in general, exceed other adhesion forces. These capillary forces are dependent
    on several different parameters. Especially the distance between the particles
    is an important parameter. For example, in moving bulk solids a large variety
    of distances between particles will occur. Therefore, the distance-dependence
    of capillary bridges was investigated with a numerical simulation method, assuming
    thermodynamic equilibrium which is attained very fast for small particles. This
    method uses the Kelvin equation and the Young-Laplace equation to calculate numerically
    the shape of the capillary bridge without any assumption regarding the shape.
    The force is eventually derived from the meniscus shape.\r\n\r\nThe distance becomes
    extremely important when the capillary liquid bridge between two surfaces is only
    determined by capillary condensation depending on relative humidity. Only a slight
    increase of the distance within the fraction of a nanometer changes the behaviour
    of the capillary force significantly. Furthermore, the influence of the force
    on the separation of particles will be presented. The force decreases almost linearly
    with increasing distance for a wide range of distances and consequently, a contact
    stiffness for capillary bridges could be derived. These results may e.g. be used
    in DEM models. Also, the maximum separation distance of capillary bridges in thermodynamic
    equilibrium and the correlation with the according bridge volume was investigated.
    As two limiting cases for capillary bridges at varying distances one can assume
    either a constant curvature, i.e. infinitely fast attainment of equilibrium, or
    a constant volume, i.e. infinitely slow attainment of equilibrium. Therefore,
    a comparison of these two possibilities will be presented and discussed as well."
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Dörmann, Michael
  last_name: Dörmann
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
citation:
  ama: Dörmann M, Schmid H-J. Distance-dependency of capillary bridges in thermodynamic
    equilibrium. <i>Powder Technology</i>. Published online 2017:175-183. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012</a>
  apa: Dörmann, M., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2017). Distance-dependency of capillary bridges
    in thermodynamic equilibrium. <i>Powder Technology</i>, 175–183. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Dörmann_Schmid_2017, title={Distance-dependency of capillary bridges
    in thermodynamic equilibrium}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012</a>},
    journal={Powder Technology}, author={Dörmann, Michael and Schmid, Hans-Joachim},
    year={2017}, pages={175–183} }'
  chicago: Dörmann, Michael, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Distance-Dependency of Capillary
    Bridges in Thermodynamic Equilibrium.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, 2017, 175–83.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Dörmann and H.-J. Schmid, “Distance-dependency of capillary bridges in
    thermodynamic equilibrium,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, pp. 175–183, 2017, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012</a>.'
  mla: Dörmann, Michael, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Distance-Dependency of Capillary
    Bridges in Thermodynamic Equilibrium.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, 2017, pp. 175–83,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012</a>.
  short: M. Dörmann, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology (2017) 175–183.
date_created: 2021-10-13T13:33:31Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.012
language:
- iso: eng
page: 175-183
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Distance-dependency of capillary bridges in thermodynamic equilibrium
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '21192'
author:
- first_name: Katja
  full_name: Engelkemeier, Katja
  last_name: Engelkemeier
- first_name: Olexandr
  full_name: Grydin, Olexandr
  last_name: Grydin
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: 'Engelkemeier K, Grydin O, Schaper M. Structured zinc oxide powder materials:
    Synthesis and further investigations of their thermal morphological stability.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2017:204-209. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031</a>'
  apa: 'Engelkemeier, K., Grydin, O., &#38; Schaper, M. (2017). Structured zinc oxide
    powder materials: Synthesis and further investigations of their thermal morphological
    stability. <i>Powder Technology</i>, 204–209. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Engelkemeier_Grydin_Schaper_2017, title={Structured zinc oxide
    powder materials: Synthesis and further investigations of their thermal morphological
    stability}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031</a>},
    journal={Powder Technology}, author={Engelkemeier, Katja and Grydin, Olexandr
    and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2017}, pages={204–209} }'
  chicago: 'Engelkemeier, Katja, Olexandr Grydin, and Mirko Schaper. “Structured Zinc
    Oxide Powder Materials: Synthesis and Further Investigations of Their Thermal
    Morphological Stability.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, 2017, 204–9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Engelkemeier, O. Grydin, and M. Schaper, “Structured zinc oxide powder
    materials: Synthesis and further investigations of their thermal morphological
    stability,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, pp. 204–209, 2017.'
  mla: 'Engelkemeier, Katja, et al. “Structured Zinc Oxide Powder Materials: Synthesis
    and Further Investigations of Their Thermal Morphological Stability.” <i>Powder
    Technology</i>, 2017, pp. 204–09, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031">10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031</a>.'
  short: K. Engelkemeier, O. Grydin, M. Schaper, Powder Technology (2017) 204–209.
date_created: 2021-02-08T07:16:13Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:54:49Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.031
language:
- iso: eng
page: 204-209
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Structured zinc oxide powder materials: Synthesis and further investigations
  of their thermal morphological stability'
type: journal_article
user_id: '21743'
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '26123'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The precipitation of sticky and ultrafine particles has become increasingly
    important. Biomass burners are one important example for ultrafine dust emission
    sources with ever growing importance. Therefore, a baghouse filter has been developed,
    which combines excellent separation efficiency (> 99%, clean air dust loading
    of < 1 mg/m3) with convenience in operation. However, in order to prevent clogging
    of the filter cloth by sticky and ultrafine particles, it is necessary to use
    a precoat layer (e.g. hydrated limestone powder). If this technology is applied
    to larger scale processes, e.g. biomass burning for industrial drying processes,
    the reuse of the precoat material can generate significant savings.\r\n\r\nTherefore,
    extended tests on recycling of used precoat material have been performed. Particularly,
    the influence of precoat injection parameters and various mixing strategies of
    used and virgin powder for refreshing the precoat material have been investigated.
    Different mixtures have been characterised by their ability to disintegrate, flowability
    and filtration behaviour. It is clearly demonstrated that upon redispersing the
    used precoat fine dust mainly adheres to the coarse precoat with only a limited
    number of dust agglomerates being produced in addition. For each kind of precoat
    a minimum amount is determined in order to ensure a long-term stable process.
    This way a saving potential of between 40–67% has been found.\r\n\r\nAn economic
    and ecologic process has been developed to precipitate ultrafine dust in a baghouse
    filter system using precoat materials."
author:
- first_name: Sascha
  full_name: Schiller, Sascha
  last_name: Schiller
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
citation:
  ama: Schiller S, Schmid H-J. Highly efficient filtration of ultrafine dust in baghouse
    filters using precoat materials. <i>Powder Technology</i>. Published online 2015:96-105.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048</a>
  apa: Schiller, S., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2015). Highly efficient filtration of ultrafine
    dust in baghouse filters using precoat materials. <i>Powder Technology</i>, 96–105.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schiller_Schmid_2015, title={Highly efficient filtration of ultrafine
    dust in baghouse filters using precoat materials}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048</a>},
    journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schiller, Sascha and Schmid, Hans-Joachim},
    year={2015}, pages={96–105} }'
  chicago: Schiller, Sascha, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Highly Efficient Filtration
    of Ultrafine Dust in Baghouse Filters Using Precoat Materials.” <i>Powder Technology</i>,
    2015, 96–105. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048</a>.
  ieee: 'S. Schiller and H.-J. Schmid, “Highly efficient filtration of ultrafine dust
    in baghouse filters using precoat materials,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, pp. 96–105,
    2015, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048</a>.'
  mla: Schiller, Sascha, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Highly Efficient Filtration of
    Ultrafine Dust in Baghouse Filters Using Precoat Materials.” <i>Powder Technology</i>,
    2015, pp. 96–105, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048</a>.
  short: S. Schiller, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology (2015) 96–105.
date_created: 2021-10-13T14:03:48Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.048
language:
- iso: eng
page: 96-105
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Highly efficient filtration of ultrafine dust in baghouse filters using precoat
  materials
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '26129'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Because of the large surface area of colloids interface effects are dominant
    in contrast to volume effects. The study presents experimental results of the
    direct transfer of magnetite nanoparticles from an aqueous to a non-miscible organic
    phase. The starting point is a water-based colloid that is synthesized through
    a precipitation reaction. The transfer is based on the adsorption of surfactants
    onto the particle surface at the liquid–liquid interface. While penetrating the
    liquid–liquid interface, the particles are covered with surfactants and a partial
    de-agglomeration is initiated. The intention is to produce a stable organic colloid,
    which has important applications in industry. The optimized process parameters
    for the successful phase transfer process, the adsorption reactions at the liquid–liquid
    interface and the stabilization of primary particles in the organic phase are
    demonstrated.
author:
- first_name: Jacqueline
  full_name: Erler, Jacqueline
  last_name: Erler
- first_name: Stefanie
  full_name: Machunsky, Stefanie
  last_name: Machunsky
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Grimm, Philipp
  last_name: Grimm
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Urs A.
  full_name: Peuker, Urs A.
  last_name: Peuker
citation:
  ama: Erler J, Machunsky S, Grimm P, Schmid H-J, Peuker UA. Liquid–liquid phase transfer
    of magnetite nanoparticles — Evaluation of surfactants. <i>Powder Technology</i>.
    2013;247:265-269. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047">10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047</a>
  apa: Erler, J., Machunsky, S., Grimm, P., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peuker, U. A. (2013).
    Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles — Evaluation of surfactants.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>247</i>, 265–269. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Erler_Machunsky_Grimm_Schmid_Peuker_2013, title={Liquid–liquid
    phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles — Evaluation of surfactants}, volume={247},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047">10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047</a>},
    journal={Powder Technology}, author={Erler, Jacqueline and Machunsky, Stefanie
    and Grimm, Philipp and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peuker, Urs A.}, year={2013},
    pages={265–269} }'
  chicago: 'Erler, Jacqueline, Stefanie Machunsky, Philipp Grimm, Hans-Joachim Schmid,
    and Urs A. Peuker. “Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer of Magnetite Nanoparticles —
    Evaluation of Surfactants.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 247 (2013): 265–69. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Erler, S. Machunsky, P. Grimm, H.-J. Schmid, and U. A. Peuker, “Liquid–liquid
    phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles — Evaluation of surfactants,” <i>Powder
    Technology</i>, vol. 247, pp. 265–269, 2013, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047">10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047</a>.'
  mla: Erler, Jacqueline, et al. “Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer of Magnetite Nanoparticles
    — Evaluation of Surfactants.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 247, 2013, pp. 265–69,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047">10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047</a>.
  short: J. Erler, S. Machunsky, P. Grimm, H.-J. Schmid, U.A. Peuker, Powder Technology
    247 (2013) 265–269.
date_created: 2021-10-13T14:24:52Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.047
intvolume: '       247'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 265-269
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Liquid–liquid phase transfer of magnetite nanoparticles — Evaluation of surfactants
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 247
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '26142'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Modeling of particle deposition on adjacent walls is a key issue in various
    applications like separation or transport processes. The present paper focuses
    on the modeling of turbophoretic deposition of particles in the micron size range.
    The first step is to evaluate the important range where turbophoresis plays an
    important role in comparison to other mechanisms e.g. gravity or electrostatic
    separation. The disadvantages of commonly used models will be analyzed and overcome
    by implementing a more sophisticated approach considering damping of turbulent
    fluctuations in the wall-boundary layer. In contrast to previous work, commonly
    used turbulence models are applied to solve the mean flow field of the examples
    under consideration. The results will show a good prediction of particle deposition
    in comparison to experimental values [B.Y.H. Liu, J.K. Agarwal, Experimental observation
    of aerosol deposition in turbulent flow, Aerosol. Sci. 5 (1974) 145–155.] by using
    the advanced model.
author:
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Horn, M.
  last_name: Horn
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
citation:
  ama: Horn M, Schmid H-J. A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle
    deposition in turbulent boundary layers. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2008;186(3):189-198.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>
  apa: Horn, M., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2008). A comprehensive approach in modeling
    Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers. <i>Powder Technology</i>,
    <i>186</i>(3), 189–198. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Horn_Schmid_2008, title={A comprehensive approach in modeling
    Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers}, volume={186}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>},
    number={3}, journal={Powder Technology}, author={Horn, M. and Schmid, Hans-Joachim},
    year={2008}, pages={189–198} }'
  chicago: 'Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “A Comprehensive Approach in Modeling
    Lagrangian Particle Deposition in Turbulent Boundary Layers.” <i>Powder Technology</i>
    186, no. 3 (2008): 189–98. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Horn and H.-J. Schmid, “A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian
    particle deposition in turbulent boundary layers,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol.
    186, no. 3, pp. 189–198, 2008, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>.'
  mla: Horn, M., and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “A Comprehensive Approach in Modeling Lagrangian
    Particle Deposition in Turbulent Boundary Layers.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol.
    186, no. 3, 2008, pp. 189–98, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048">10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048</a>.
  short: M. Horn, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 186 (2008) 189–198.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:37:04Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.048
intvolume: '       186'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 189-198
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: A comprehensive approach in modeling Lagrangian particle deposition in turbulent
  boundary layers
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 186
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '26156'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Electro-hydrodynamic two-phase flows are encountered in various applications,
    e.g. electrically enhanced coating, electrostatic precipitation or toner application.
    In all cases there is a complex interaction between a turbulent flow field, a
    strong electric field, a corona discharge and the particle motion. This paper
    starts with an overview and classification of possible modelling approaches for
    all major phenomena. Afterwards the manuscript focuses on the modelling of particle
    dynamics: A Lagrangian, continuous random walk model is compared with an Eulerian
    approach for a number of test cases. The study is mostly focused on fine particles,
    i.e. roughly smaller than 100 μm in diameter for the Lagrangian approach and smaller
    than about 10 μm in the case of Eulerian modelling. It is shown that a local turbulent
    dispersion coefficient may be derived based on flow field calculations with a
    constant of proportionality identical to the Lagrangian random walk model. In
    this case the turbulent dispersion is equally described by both models even for
    inhomogeneous turbulence. For a superimposed particle drift velocity a model equation
    introduced by Csanady gives a reasonable agreement. Finally it is shown that modelling
    of the charging kinetics is a very crucial point in Eulerian modelling. This is
    demonstrated for the example of electrostatic precipitation where good agreement
    between Lagrangian and Eulerian modelling is achieved only if local particle charging
    kinetics is accounted for. Even though Lagrangian particle tracking is still superior
    in terms of physical modelling of electro-hydrodynamic particulate flows, it is
    shown that an Eulerian approach may lead to reasonable results with substantially
    reduced numerical effort.'
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Lutz
  full_name: Vogel, Lutz
  last_name: Vogel
citation:
  ama: 'Schmid H-J, Vogel L. On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
    flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach. <i>Powder
    Technology</i>. 2003;135/136:118-135. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>'
  apa: 'Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Vogel, L. (2003). On the modelling of the particle dynamics
    in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
    modelling approach. <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>135/136</i>, 118–135. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Schmid_Vogel_2003, title={On the modelling of the particle dynamics
    in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
    modelling approach}, volume={135/136}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>},
    journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Vogel, Lutz}, year={2003},
    pages={118–135} }'
  chicago: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim, and Lutz Vogel. “On the Modelling of the Particle
    Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow-Fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
    Modelling Approach.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 135/136 (2003): 118–35. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>.'
  ieee: 'H.-J. Schmid and L. Vogel, “On the modelling of the particle dynamics in
    electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling
    approach,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, pp. 118–135, 2003, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>.'
  mla: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim, and Lutz Vogel. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics
    in Electro-Hydrodynamic Flow-Fields: I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian
    Modelling Approach.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, 2003, pp. 118–35,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009</a>.'
  short: H.-J. Schmid, L. Vogel, Powder Technology 135/136 (2003) 118–135.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:18:08Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.009
language:
- iso: eng
page: 118-135
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow-fields:
  I. Comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approach'
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 135/136
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '26157'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A simulation method is applied to calculate particle dynamics in electrostatic
    precipitators as characterised by particle flux density and concentration profiles
    in arbitrary channel cross-sections and flux density profiles of dust precipitated
    at the collecting electrodes (CEs). A simple statistical model allows the determination
    of confidence intervals for flux profiles. First, a ‘standard case’ considering
    full coupling of all physical phenomena occurring in this problem, i.e., electric
    field, flow field and particle dynamics is simulated. Subsequently, this standard
    case is compared to simulations with one quantity (e.g., electric field strength,
    turbulence intensity) substituted by a mean value which is homogeneously distributed
    in the precipitation zone. This reveals the relevance of the various physical
    phenomena: It turned out that the secondary flows had only a minor influence on
    the overall particle precipitation although they cause some ‘patterning’ of local
    precipitation. Turbulence inhomogeneity shows a stronger effect on particle dynamics.
    However, the electric field appears to be by far the most important quantity in
    simulating particle dynamics. Consequently, in order to achieve most reasonable
    simulation results for a given numerical effort most attention has to be devoted
    to field calculations, including correct boundary conditions.'
author:
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
citation:
  ama: 'Schmid H-J. On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
    flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2003;135/136:136-149. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>'
  apa: 'Schmid, H.-J. (2003). On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
    flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>135/136</i>, 136–149. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Schmid_2003, title={On the modelling of the particle dynamics
    in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic
    precipitation}, volume={135/136}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>},
    journal={Powder Technology}, author={Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2003}, pages={136–149}
    }'
  chicago: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic
    Flow Fields: II. Influences of Inhomogeneities on Electrostatic Precipitation.”
    <i>Powder Technology</i> 135/136 (2003): 136–49. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>.'
  ieee: 'H.-J. Schmid, “On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic
    flow fields: II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation,”
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, pp. 136–149, 2003, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>.'
  mla: 'Schmid, Hans-Joachim. “On the Modelling of the Particle Dynamics in Electro-Hydrodynamic
    Flow Fields: II. Influences of Inhomogeneities on Electrostatic Precipitation.”
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 135/136, 2003, pp. 136–49, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010">10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010</a>.'
  short: H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 135/136 (2003) 136–149.
date_created: 2021-10-13T16:19:46Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.010
language:
- iso: eng
page: 136-149
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'On the modelling of the particle dynamics in electro-hydrodynamic flow fields:
  II. Influences of inhomogeneities on electrostatic precipitation'
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 135/136
year: '2003'
...