---
_id: '34441'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The state of the art industrial manufacturing process to produce shafts as
counter surfaces for radial shaft seal rings is plunge grinding. This process
consists of three major steps. The blank is turned to a slight diameter-oversize
followed by the heat treatment and the hard-finishing by plunge grinding. The
geometric surface structures of the resulting shafts in general exhibit a stochastic
distribution. These surface characteristics contribute to a reliable and stable
sealing functionality. And the surface and subsurface hardness generally leads
to a higher wear resistance of the shaft. Motivated by economic benefits and in
order to achieve a compact production process for at least ten years, turning
is investigated as an alternative manufacturing process. However due to the resulting
lead structure on the shaft surface and the associated risk of leakage it has
not become prevalent yet. In this paper turned shafts of the metastable austenitic
steel AISI 347 (1.4550, X6CrNiNb1810) are investigated as alternative material
for counter surfaces of radial shaft seal rings and compared to turned shafts
of carburized AISI 5115 (1.7131, 16MnCr5). In addition to surfaces dry turned
at room-temperature, cryogenic turned AISI 347 counter surfaces are analyzed.
By applying cryogenic cooling, the formation of deformation-induced α′-martensite
in the surface layer is possible during the turning process. Endurance tests in
radial shaft seal ring test rigs are performed and complemented with detailed
investigations of microstructure, micro-hardness and surface topography. The results
are compared to results of state of the art ground AISI 5115 shafts.
author:
- first_name: D.
full_name: Frölich, D.
last_name: Frölich
- first_name: Balázs
full_name: Magyar, Balázs
id: '97759'
last_name: Magyar
- first_name: B.
full_name: Sauer, B.
last_name: Sauer
- first_name: P.
full_name: Mayer, P.
last_name: Mayer
- first_name: B.
full_name: Kirsch, B.
last_name: Kirsch
- first_name: J.C.
full_name: Aurich, J.C.
last_name: Aurich
- first_name: R.
full_name: Skorupski, R.
last_name: Skorupski
- first_name: M.
full_name: Smaga, M.
last_name: Smaga
- first_name: T.
full_name: Beck, T.
last_name: Beck
- first_name: D.
full_name: Eifler, D.
last_name: Eifler
citation:
ama: Frölich D, Magyar B, Sauer B, et al. Investigation of wear resistance of dry
and cryogenic turned metastable austenitic steel shafts and dry turned and ground
carburized steel shafts in the radial shaft seal ring system. Wear. 2015;328-329:123-131.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004
apa: Frölich, D., Magyar, B., Sauer, B., Mayer, P., Kirsch, B., Aurich, J. C., Skorupski,
R., Smaga, M., Beck, T., & Eifler, D. (2015). Investigation of wear resistance
of dry and cryogenic turned metastable austenitic steel shafts and dry turned
and ground carburized steel shafts in the radial shaft seal ring system. Wear,
328–329, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004
bibtex: '@article{Frölich_Magyar_Sauer_Mayer_Kirsch_Aurich_Skorupski_Smaga_Beck_Eifler_2015,
title={Investigation of wear resistance of dry and cryogenic turned metastable
austenitic steel shafts and dry turned and ground carburized steel shafts in the
radial shaft seal ring system}, volume={328–329}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004},
journal={Wear}, author={Frölich, D. and Magyar, Balázs and Sauer, B. and Mayer,
P. and Kirsch, B. and Aurich, J.C. and Skorupski, R. and Smaga, M. and Beck, T.
and Eifler, D.}, year={2015}, pages={123–131} }'
chicago: 'Frölich, D., Balázs Magyar, B. Sauer, P. Mayer, B. Kirsch, J.C. Aurich,
R. Skorupski, M. Smaga, T. Beck, and D. Eifler. “Investigation of Wear Resistance
of Dry and Cryogenic Turned Metastable Austenitic Steel Shafts and Dry Turned
and Ground Carburized Steel Shafts in the Radial Shaft Seal Ring System.” Wear
328–329 (2015): 123–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004.'
ieee: 'D. Frölich et al., “Investigation of wear resistance of dry and cryogenic
turned metastable austenitic steel shafts and dry turned and ground carburized
steel shafts in the radial shaft seal ring system,” Wear, vol. 328–329,
pp. 123–131, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004.'
mla: Frölich, D., et al. “Investigation of Wear Resistance of Dry and Cryogenic
Turned Metastable Austenitic Steel Shafts and Dry Turned and Ground Carburized
Steel Shafts in the Radial Shaft Seal Ring System.” Wear, vol. 328–329,
2015, pp. 123–31, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004.
short: D. Frölich, B. Magyar, B. Sauer, P. Mayer, B. Kirsch, J.C. Aurich, R. Skorupski,
M. Smaga, T. Beck, D. Eifler, Wear 328–329 (2015) 123–131.
date_created: 2022-12-15T10:17:23Z
date_updated: 2026-07-18T13:18:45Z
department:
- _id: '146'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004
extern: '1'
keyword:
- Radial shaft seal ring
- Shaft surface
- Cryogenic turning
- Metastable austenitic steel
- Deformation-induced martensite formation
language:
- iso: eng
page: 123-131
publication: Wear
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0043-1648
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Investigation of wear resistance of dry and cryogenic turned metastable austenitic
steel shafts and dry turned and ground carburized steel shafts in the radial shaft
seal ring system
type: journal_article
user_id: '97759'
volume: 328-329
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '34442'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Radial shaft seals are used in a variety of applications, where rotating shafts
in steady housings have to be sealed. Typical examples are crankshafts, camshafts,
differential gear or hydraulic pumps. In the operating state the elastomeric seal
ring and the shaft are separated by a lubrication film of just a few micrometers.
Due to shear strain and fluid friction the contact area is subject to a higher
temperature than the rest of the seal ring. The stiffness of the elastomeric material
is intensely influenced by this temperature and thus contact pressure, friction
and wear also strongly depend on the contact temperature. In order to simulate
the contact behavior of elastomer seal rings it is essential to use a comprehensive
approach which takes into consideration the interaction of temperature, friction
and wear. Based on this idea a macroscopic simulation model has been developed
at the MEGT. It combines a finite element approach for the simulation of contact
pressure at different wear states, a semi-analytical approach for the calculation
of contact temperature and an empirical approach for the calculation of friction.
In this paper the model setup is presented, as well as simulation and experimental
results.
author:
- first_name: D.
full_name: Frölich, D.
last_name: Frölich
- first_name: Balázs
full_name: Magyar, Balázs
id: '97759'
last_name: Magyar
- first_name: B.
full_name: Sauer, B.
last_name: Sauer
citation:
ama: Frölich D, Magyar B, Sauer B. A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact
temperature in radial shaft seals. Wear. 2014;311(1):71-80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030
apa: Frölich, D., Magyar, B., & Sauer, B. (2014). A comprehensive model of wear,
friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals. Wear, 311(1),
71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030
bibtex: '@article{Frölich_Magyar_Sauer_2014, title={A comprehensive model of wear,
friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals}, volume={311}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030},
number={1}, journal={Wear}, author={Frölich, D. and Magyar, Balázs and Sauer,
B.}, year={2014}, pages={71–80} }'
chicago: 'Frölich, D., Balázs Magyar, and B. Sauer. “A Comprehensive Model of Wear,
Friction and Contact Temperature in Radial Shaft Seals.” Wear 311, no.
1 (2014): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030.'
ieee: 'D. Frölich, B. Magyar, and B. Sauer, “A comprehensive model of wear, friction
and contact temperature in radial shaft seals,” Wear, vol. 311, no. 1,
pp. 71–80, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030.'
mla: Frölich, D., et al. “A Comprehensive Model of Wear, Friction and Contact Temperature
in Radial Shaft Seals.” Wear, vol. 311, no. 1, 2014, pp. 71–80, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030.
short: D. Frölich, B. Magyar, B. Sauer, Wear 311 (2014) 71–80.
date_created: 2022-12-15T10:19:37Z
date_updated: 2026-07-18T13:18:17Z
department:
- _id: '146'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 311'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Radial shaft seal ring
- Contact temperature
- Wear
- Friction torque
- Finite element simulation
language:
- iso: eng
page: 71-80
publication: Wear
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0043-1648
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact temperature in radial shaft
seals
type: journal_article
user_id: '97759'
volume: 311
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9772'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A profound description of friction in wheel--rail contact plays an essential
role for optimization of traction control strategies, as input quantity for railway
simulations in general and for the estimation of wear and rolling contact fatigue.
A multitude of wheel--rail contact models exists, however, traction--creepage
curves obtained from measurements show quantitative and qualitative deviations.
There are several phenomena which influence the traction--creepage characteristics:
Mechanisms resulting from surface roughness, frictional heating or the presence
of interfacial fluids can have a dominating influence on friction. In this paper,
a new wheel--rail contact model, accounting for these influential parameters,
will be presented. The presented model accounts for the interaction of an interfacial
fluid model for combined boundary and mixed lubrication of rough surfaces with
a wheel--rail contact model that additionally accounts for frictional heating.
A quantitative comparison with measurements found in the literature is not conducted,
since the exact conditions of the measurements are mostly unknown and parameters
can easily be adjusted to fit the measurements. Emphasis is placed on the qualitative
behavior of the model with respect to the measurements and good agreement is found.
The dependence of the maximum traction coefficient on rolling velocity, surface
roughness and normal load is studied under dry and water lubricated conditions.'
author:
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Tomberger, Christoph
last_name: Tomberger
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Dietmaier, Peter
last_name: Dietmaier
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Sextro, Walter
id: '21220'
last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Klaus
full_name: Six, Klaus
last_name: Six
citation:
ama: 'Tomberger C, Dietmaier P, Sextro W, Six K. Friction in wheel--rail contact:
A model comprising interfacial fluids, surface roughness and temperature. Wear.
2011;271:2-12. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.025'
apa: 'Tomberger, C., Dietmaier, P., Sextro, W., & Six, K. (2011). Friction in
wheel--rail contact: A model comprising interfacial fluids, surface roughness
and temperature. Wear, 271, 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.025'
bibtex: '@article{Tomberger_Dietmaier_Sextro_Six_2011, title={Friction in wheel--rail
contact: A model comprising interfacial fluids, surface roughness and temperature},
volume={271}, DOI={10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.025},
journal={Wear}, author={Tomberger, Christoph and Dietmaier, Peter and Sextro,
Walter and Six, Klaus}, year={2011}, pages={2–12} }'
chicago: 'Tomberger, Christoph, Peter Dietmaier, Walter Sextro, and Klaus Six. “Friction
in Wheel--Rail Contact: A Model Comprising Interfacial Fluids, Surface Roughness
and Temperature.” Wear 271 (2011): 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.025.'
ieee: 'C. Tomberger, P. Dietmaier, W. Sextro, and K. Six, “Friction in wheel--rail
contact: A model comprising interfacial fluids, surface roughness and temperature,”
Wear, vol. 271, pp. 2–12, 2011.'
mla: 'Tomberger, Christoph, et al. “Friction in Wheel--Rail Contact: A Model Comprising
Interfacial Fluids, Surface Roughness and Temperature.” Wear, vol. 271,
2011, pp. 2–12, doi:10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.025.'
short: C. Tomberger, P. Dietmaier, W. Sextro, K. Six, Wear 271 (2011) 2–12.
date_created: 2019-05-13T11:08:32Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:19Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.025
intvolume: ' 271'
keyword:
- Wheel--rail contact
- Rolling contact
- Friction
- Interfacial fluid
- Lubrication
- Surface roughness
- Contact temperature
language:
- iso: eng
page: 2 - 12
publication: Wear
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0043-1648
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Friction in wheel--rail contact: A model comprising interfacial fluids, surface
roughness and temperature'
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 271
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '9764'
author:
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Tomberger, Christoph
last_name: Tomberger
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Dietmaier, Peter
last_name: Dietmaier
- first_name: Rosenberger
full_name: Martin, Rosenberger
last_name: Martin
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Sextro, Walter
id: '21220'
last_name: Sextro
- first_name: Klaus
full_name: Six, Klaus
last_name: Six
citation:
ama: Tomberger C, Dietmaier P, Martin R, Sextro W, Six K. Einfluss von Oberflächenrauheit,
fluiden Zwischenschichten und Kontakttemperaturen auf den Kraftschluss zwischen
Rad und Schiene. ZEVrail. 2010;134:127-135.
apa: Tomberger, C., Dietmaier, P., Martin, R., Sextro, W., & Six, K. (2010).
Einfluss von Oberflächenrauheit, fluiden Zwischenschichten und Kontakttemperaturen
auf den Kraftschluss zwischen Rad und Schiene. ZEVrail, 134, 127–135.
bibtex: '@article{Tomberger_Dietmaier_Martin_Sextro_Six_2010, title={Einfluss von
Oberflächenrauheit, fluiden Zwischenschichten und Kontakttemperaturen auf den
Kraftschluss zwischen Rad und Schiene}, volume={134}, journal={ZEVrail}, author={Tomberger,
Christoph and Dietmaier, Peter and Martin, Rosenberger and Sextro, Walter and
Six, Klaus}, year={2010}, pages={127–135} }'
chicago: 'Tomberger, Christoph, Peter Dietmaier, Rosenberger Martin, Walter Sextro,
and Klaus Six. “Einfluss von Oberflächenrauheit, Fluiden Zwischenschichten Und
Kontakttemperaturen Auf Den Kraftschluss Zwischen Rad Und Schiene.” ZEVrail
134 (2010): 127–35.'
ieee: C. Tomberger, P. Dietmaier, R. Martin, W. Sextro, and K. Six, “Einfluss von
Oberflächenrauheit, fluiden Zwischenschichten und Kontakttemperaturen auf den
Kraftschluss zwischen Rad und Schiene,” ZEVrail, vol. 134, pp. 127–135,
2010.
mla: Tomberger, Christoph, et al. “Einfluss von Oberflächenrauheit, Fluiden Zwischenschichten
Und Kontakttemperaturen Auf Den Kraftschluss Zwischen Rad Und Schiene.” ZEVrail,
vol. 134, 2010, pp. 127–35.
short: C. Tomberger, P. Dietmaier, R. Martin, W. Sextro, K. Six, ZEVrail 134 (2010)
127–135.
date_created: 2019-05-13T10:37:07Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:19Z
department:
- _id: '151'
intvolume: ' 134'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 127-135
publication: ZEVrail
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0043-1648
status: public
title: Einfluss von Oberflächenrauheit, fluiden Zwischenschichten und Kontakttemperaturen
auf den Kraftschluss zwischen Rad und Schiene
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 134
year: '2010'
...