@article{61007,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT
Purpose
Repetitive head impacts due to heading in soccer may bear the potential to induce brain changes. To investigate how brain development is affected by heading, effects of heading exposure on neurocognitive and vestibular performance in adolescent soccer players were prospectively examined.
Methods
In this longitudinal cohort study, male and female high-level youth soccer players of different ages were enrolled in two seasons. Age-matched athletes of other ball sports were included as controls. Before and after each season, neurocognitive performance (6 domain scores), vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic visual acuity, and postural control (sway velocity) were objectively assessed in all athletes. Every soccer training and match during the observation period was videotaped to analyze individual heading exposure. Associations between heading frequency (total, in duels, >20 m flight distance) and pre- to post-changes were investigated via Spearman correlation.
Results
103 soccer and 51 control athletes (9-19 years) participated. Neurocognitive scores and sway velocity significantly improved in each season in soccer and control athletes. There were no associations between total heading numbers and changes in any parameter. Over the first season, the more headers played in duels (r = -0.255, 95%CI = -0.474 to -0.006, p = 0.04) and from >20 m distance (r = -0.299, 95%CI = -0.510 to -0.055, p = 0.02) the less psychomotor speed improvement occurred. In the second season, improvements in reaction time were significantly smaller with higher numbers of headers played in duels (r = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.043 to 0.632, p = 0.02) and from >20 m distance (r = 0.359, 95%CI = 0.025 to 0.621, p = 0.03).
Conclusions
Potential high-impact headers may have affected neurocognitive improvements, exhibiting small to moderate effects. Therefore, more high-impact headers may be more important to consider than solely the overall heading exposure in discussions about adverse effects in youth soccer.
}},
author = {{Reeschke, Rebecca and Dautzenberg, Lena and Mund, Franziska Katharina and Koch, Thorsten and Reinsberger, Claus}},
issn = {{1530-0315}},
journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players}}},
doi = {{10.1249/mss.0000000000003831}},
year = {{2025}},
}
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author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Torvik, Per Øyvind and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}},
issn = {{1530-0315}},
journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{The Mode of Endurance Exercise Influences Changes in EEG Resting State Graphs among High-Level Cross-Country Skiers}}},
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volume = {{Publish Ahead of Print}},
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}
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issn = {{1530-0315}},
journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Weaker Quadriceps Corticomuscular Coherence in Individuals Following ACL Reconstruction during Force Tracing}}},
doi = {{10.1249/mss.0000000000003080}},
volume = {{Publish Ahead of Print}},
year = {{2023}},
}
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author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Torvik, PØ and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Ø and Baumeister, Jochen}},
issn = {{0195-9131}},
journal = {{Med Sci Sports Exerc}},
title = {{{The Mode of Endurance Exercise Influences Changes in EEG Resting State Graphs among High-Level Cross-Country Skiers.}}},
year = {{2023}},
}
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issn = {{0195-9131}},
journal = {{Med Sci Sports Exerc}},
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}
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issn = {{1530-0315}},
journal = {{Medicine &Science in Sports& Exercise}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
number = {{9S}},
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publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}},
doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@inproceedings{36937,
author = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
issn = {{1530-0315}},
location = {{San Diego}},
number = {{9S}},
pages = {{565--565}},
publisher = {{Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise}},
title = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}},
doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2022}},
}
@article{35624,
author = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
issn = {{1530-0315}},
journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
number = {{9S}},
pages = {{565--565}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}},
doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2022}},
}
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author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Allen, Carlos and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}},
booktitle = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
issn = {{1530-0315}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
number = {{9S}},
pages = {{262--262}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Changes In Eeg Microstate Patterns Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise When Employing Reduced Channel Resolution}}},
doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000878300.82239.03}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2022}},
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@inproceedings{35537,
author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Allen, Carlos and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}},
booktitle = {{Medicine &Science in Sports& Exercise}},
issn = {{1530-0315}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
number = {{9S}},
pages = {{262--262}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Changes In Eeg Microstate Patterns Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise When Employing Reduced Channel Resolution}}},
doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000878300.82239.03}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2022}},
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issn = {{0195-9131}},
journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
number = {{5S}},
publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
title = {{{Altered Brain Activity During Joint Loading After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction}}},
doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000517864.67503.ad}},
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year = {{2017}},
}