---
_id: '27023'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Abstract\r\n \r\n Background\r\n
\ Blood immunoreactive biomarkers, such as C-reactive
protein (CRP), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia.
Studies comprehensively and bidirectionally probing possible causal links between
such blood constituents and liability to schizophrenia are lacking.\r\n
\ \r\n \r\n Methods\r\n
\ To disentangle putative causal links between CRP blood
levels and schizophrenia in both directions, we conducted multiple univariable
Mendelian-randomization (MR) analyses, ranging from fixed-effect to inverse variance-weighted
(IVW), weighted-median, MR Egger and generalized summary-data-based Mendelian-randomization
(GSMR) models. To prioritize metabolic risk factors for schizophrenia, a novel
multivariable approach was applied: multivariable Mendelian-randomization–Bayesian
model averaging (MR-BMA).\r\n \r\n \r\n
\ Results\r\n All
forward univariable MR analyses consistently showed that CRP has a protective
effect on schizophrenia, whereas reverse MR analyses consistently suggested absent
causal effects of schizophrenia liability on CRP blood levels. Using MR-BMA, as
the top protective factors for schizophrenia we prioritized leucine and as the
prime risk-factor triglycerides in medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
The five best-performing MR-BMA models provided one additional risk factor: triglycerides
in large VLDL; and two additional protective factors: citrate and lactate.\r\n
\ \r\n \r\n Conclusions\r\n
\ Our results add to a growing body of literature hinting
at metabolic changes—in particular of triglycerides—independently of medication
status in schizophrenia. We also highlight the absent effects of genetic liability
to schizophrenia on CRP levels.\r\n "
author:
- first_name: Bochao D
full_name: Lin, Bochao D
last_name: Lin
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Alkema, Anne
last_name: Alkema
- first_name: Triinu
full_name: Peters, Triinu
last_name: Peters
- first_name: Janneke
full_name: Zinkstok, Janneke
last_name: Zinkstok
- first_name: Lars
full_name: Libuda, Lars
id: '88682'
last_name: Libuda
orcid: 0000-0003-1603-3133
- first_name: Johannes
full_name: Hebebrand, Johannes
last_name: Hebebrand
- first_name: Jochen
full_name: Antel, Jochen
last_name: Antel
- first_name: Anke
full_name: Hinney, Anke
last_name: Hinney
- first_name: Wiepke
full_name: Cahn, Wiepke
last_name: Cahn
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Adan, Roger
last_name: Adan
- first_name: Jurjen J
full_name: Luykx, Jurjen J
last_name: Luykx
citation:
ama: 'Lin BD, Alkema A, Peters T, et al. Assessing causal links between metabolic
traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional
Mendelian-randomization study. International Journal of Epidemiology. Published
online 2019:1505-1514. doi:10.1093/ije/dyz176'
apa: 'Lin, B. D., Alkema, A., Peters, T., Zinkstok, J., Libuda, L., Hebebrand, J.,
Antel, J., Hinney, A., Cahn, W., Adan, R., & Luykx, J. J. (2019). Assessing
causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable
and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study. International
Journal of Epidemiology, 1505–1514. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176'
bibtex: '@article{Lin_Alkema_Peters_Zinkstok_Libuda_Hebebrand_Antel_Hinney_Cahn_Adan_et
al._2019, title={Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation
and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization
study}, DOI={10.1093/ije/dyz176},
journal={International Journal of Epidemiology}, author={Lin, Bochao D and Alkema,
Anne and Peters, Triinu and Zinkstok, Janneke and Libuda, Lars and Hebebrand,
Johannes and Antel, Jochen and Hinney, Anke and Cahn, Wiepke and Adan, Roger and
et al.}, year={2019}, pages={1505–1514} }'
chicago: 'Lin, Bochao D, Anne Alkema, Triinu Peters, Janneke Zinkstok, Lars Libuda,
Johannes Hebebrand, Jochen Antel, et al. “Assessing Causal Links between Metabolic
Traits, Inflammation and Schizophrenia: A Univariable and Multivariable, Bidirectional
Mendelian-Randomization Study.” International Journal of Epidemiology,
2019, 1505–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176.'
ieee: 'B. D. Lin et al., “Assessing causal links between metabolic traits,
inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional
Mendelian-randomization study,” International Journal of Epidemiology,
pp. 1505–1514, 2019, doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz176.'
mla: 'Lin, Bochao D., et al. “Assessing Causal Links between Metabolic Traits, Inflammation
and Schizophrenia: A Univariable and Multivariable, Bidirectional Mendelian-Randomization
Study.” International Journal of Epidemiology, 2019, pp. 1505–14, doi:10.1093/ije/dyz176.'
short: B.D. Lin, A. Alkema, T. Peters, J. Zinkstok, L. Libuda, J. Hebebrand, J.
Antel, A. Hinney, W. Cahn, R. Adan, J.J. Luykx, International Journal of Epidemiology
(2019) 1505–1514.
date_created: 2021-11-01T19:15:07Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:32Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '22'
- _id: '395'
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz176
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1505-1514
publication: International Journal of Epidemiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0300-5771
- 1464-3685
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia:
a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study'
type: journal_article
user_id: '49428'
year: '2019'
...