---
_id: '64884'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "To address the challenges associated with poor drug solubility and uncontrolled
    drug release in conventional dosage forms, a combination of polymer design and
    advanced drug delivery approaches has been employed. The development of pH-responsive
    nanoparticles for controlled and selective drug release represents a notable advance
    in adaptive nanomedicine. This study explores the design of a pH-responsive polymer,
    poly(1,4-phenyleneacetone dimethylene ketal) (PPADK). Additionally, the incorporation
    of light-responsive ortho-nitrobenzyl groups (o-NB-PPADK) enhanced the degradation
    upon exposure to light. Based on the polymer, nanoparticles were prepared using
    the solvent displacement method. The fluorescence dye Lumogen® Red was incorporated
    as a model substance. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering
    to determine their hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution, and the surface
    charge was analyzed. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualize the surface
    morphology. The nanoparticles remained stable under physiological pH conditions
    while exhibiting accelerated degradation and substance release in acidic environment,
    a property potentially exploitable for tumor targeting. Further enhanced degradation
    and correspondingly increased release was achieved by incorporating light-responsive
    elements in the polymer structure.\r\nThe cytotoxicity of these newly designed
    nanoparticles was evaluated in cell culture using a breast cancer cell line. These
    results support the potential of o-NB-PPADK nanoparticles as a possible candidate
    for selective and effective cancer therapy, combining stimuli-responsive degradation
    mechanisms for improved therapeutic outcomes."
article_number: '126127'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maurice
  full_name: Kramer, Maurice
  last_name: Kramer
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: van der Linde, Matthias
  last_name: van der Linde
- first_name: Lisa
  full_name: Hönscheid, Lisa
  last_name: Hönscheid
- first_name: Corinna
  full_name: Horky, Corinna
  last_name: Horky
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Völlmecke, Katharina
  last_name: Völlmecke
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Mulac, Dennis
  last_name: Mulac
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Herrmann, Fabian
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Kuckling, Dirk
  id: '287'
  last_name: Kuckling
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Langer, Klaus
  last_name: Langer
citation:
  ama: 'Kramer M, van der Linde M, Hönscheid L, et al. Enlightening release strategies:
    Accelerated nanoparticle degradation and substance release utilizing light- and
    pH-responsive polymers. <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>. 2025;684.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127</a>'
  apa: 'Kramer, M., van der Linde, M., Hönscheid, L., Horky, C., Völlmecke, K., Mulac,
    D., Herrmann, F., Kuckling, D., &#38; Langer, K. (2025). Enlightening release
    strategies: Accelerated nanoparticle degradation and substance release utilizing
    light- and pH-responsive polymers. <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>,
    <i>684</i>, Article 126127. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Kramer_van der Linde_Hönscheid_Horky_Völlmecke_Mulac_Herrmann_Kuckling_Langer_2025,
    title={Enlightening release strategies: Accelerated nanoparticle degradation and
    substance release utilizing light- and pH-responsive polymers}, volume={684},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127</a>},
    number={126127}, journal={International Journal of Pharmaceutics}, publisher={Elsevier
    BV}, author={Kramer, Maurice and van der Linde, Matthias and Hönscheid, Lisa and
    Horky, Corinna and Völlmecke, Katharina and Mulac, Dennis and Herrmann, Fabian
    and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Kramer, Maurice, Matthias van der Linde, Lisa Hönscheid, Corinna Horky,
    Katharina Völlmecke, Dennis Mulac, Fabian Herrmann, Dirk Kuckling, and Klaus Langer.
    “Enlightening Release Strategies: Accelerated Nanoparticle Degradation and Substance
    Release Utilizing Light- and PH-Responsive Polymers.” <i>International Journal
    of Pharmaceutics</i> 684 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Kramer <i>et al.</i>, “Enlightening release strategies: Accelerated nanoparticle
    degradation and substance release utilizing light- and pH-responsive polymers,”
    <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 684, Art. no. 126127, 2025,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127</a>.'
  mla: 'Kramer, Maurice, et al. “Enlightening Release Strategies: Accelerated Nanoparticle
    Degradation and Substance Release Utilizing Light- and PH-Responsive Polymers.”
    <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 684, 126127, Elsevier BV,
    2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127</a>.'
  short: M. Kramer, M. van der Linde, L. Hönscheid, C. Horky, K. Völlmecke, D. Mulac,
    F. Herrmann, D. Kuckling, K. Langer, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 684
    (2025).
date_created: 2026-03-11T08:46:17Z
date_updated: 2026-03-11T08:52:22Z
department:
- _id: '163'
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126127
intvolume: '       684'
keyword:
- Nanoparticles
- Drug delivery
- Controlled release
- Stimuli-responsiveTumor targeting
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517325009640?via%3Dihub
publication: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-5173
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Enlightening release strategies: Accelerated nanoparticle degradation and
  substance release utilizing light- and pH-responsive polymers'
type: journal_article
user_id: '94'
volume: 684
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '23701'
article_number: '120326'
author:
- first_name: Timo
  full_name: Schoppa, Timo
  last_name: Schoppa
- first_name: Dimitri
  full_name: Jung, Dimitri
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Tarik
  full_name: Rust, Tarik
  last_name: Rust
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Mulac, Dennis
  last_name: Mulac
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Kuckling, Dirk
  id: '287'
  last_name: Kuckling
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Langer, Klaus
  last_name: Langer
citation:
  ama: Schoppa T, Jung D, Rust T, Mulac D, Kuckling D, Langer K. Light-responsive
    polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based polyester as drug
    delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT. <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>.
    2021;597. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326</a>
  apa: Schoppa, T., Jung, D., Rust, T., Mulac, D., Kuckling, D., &#38; Langer, K.
    (2021). Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal
    based polyester as drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT. <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, <i>597</i>, Article 120326. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schoppa_Jung_Rust_Mulac_Kuckling_Langer_2021, title={Light-responsive
    polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based polyester as drug
    delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT}, volume={597}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326</a>},
    number={120326}, journal={International Journal of Pharmaceutics}, publisher={Elsevier},
    author={Schoppa, Timo and Jung, Dimitri and Rust, Tarik and Mulac, Dennis and
    Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: Schoppa, Timo, Dimitri Jung, Tarik Rust, Dennis Mulac, Dirk Kuckling, and
    Klaus Langer. “Light-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on a Novel Nitropiperonal
    Based Polyester as Drug Delivery Systems for Photosensitizers in PDT.” <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i> 597 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326</a>.
  ieee: 'T. Schoppa, D. Jung, T. Rust, D. Mulac, D. Kuckling, and K. Langer, “Light-responsive
    polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based polyester as drug
    delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT,” <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>,
    vol. 597, Art. no. 120326, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326</a>.'
  mla: Schoppa, Timo, et al. “Light-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on a
    Novel Nitropiperonal Based Polyester as Drug Delivery Systems for Photosensitizers
    in PDT.” <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 597, 120326, Elsevier,
    2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326</a>.
  short: T. Schoppa, D. Jung, T. Rust, D. Mulac, D. Kuckling, K. Langer, International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics 597 (2021).
date_created: 2021-09-02T12:48:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-28T09:57:44Z
department:
- _id: '311'
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120326
intvolume: '       597'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-5173
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles based on a novel nitropiperonal based
  polyester as drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT
type: journal_article
user_id: '94'
volume: 597
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '30934'
author:
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Mahlert, Laura
  last_name: Mahlert
- first_name: Juliane
  full_name: Anderski, Juliane
  last_name: Anderski
- first_name: Timo
  full_name: Schoppa, Timo
  last_name: Schoppa
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Mulac, Dennis
  last_name: Mulac
- first_name: Jingjiang
  full_name: Sun, Jingjiang
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Kuckling, Dirk
  id: '287'
  last_name: Kuckling
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Langer, Klaus
  last_name: Langer
citation:
  ama: Mahlert L, Anderski J, Schoppa T, et al. In vitro evaluation of innovative
    light-responsive nanoparticles for controlled drug release in intestinal PDT.
    <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>. 2019;565:199-208. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077</a>
  apa: Mahlert, L., Anderski, J., Schoppa, T., Mulac, D., Sun, J., Kuckling, D., &#38;
    Langer, K. (2019). In vitro evaluation of innovative light-responsive nanoparticles
    for controlled drug release in intestinal PDT. <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>,
    <i>565</i>, 199–208. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Mahlert_Anderski_Schoppa_Mulac_Sun_Kuckling_Langer_2019, title={In
    vitro evaluation of innovative light-responsive nanoparticles for controlled drug
    release in intestinal PDT}, volume={565}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077</a>},
    journal={International Journal of Pharmaceutics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mahlert,
    Laura and Anderski, Juliane and Schoppa, Timo and Mulac, Dennis and Sun, Jingjiang
    and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer, Klaus}, year={2019}, pages={199–208} }'
  chicago: 'Mahlert, Laura, Juliane Anderski, Timo Schoppa, Dennis Mulac, Jingjiang
    Sun, Dirk Kuckling, and Klaus Langer. “In Vitro Evaluation of Innovative Light-Responsive
    Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Release in Intestinal PDT.” <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i> 565 (2019): 199–208. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Mahlert <i>et al.</i>, “In vitro evaluation of innovative light-responsive
    nanoparticles for controlled drug release in intestinal PDT,” <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 565, pp. 199–208, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077</a>.'
  mla: Mahlert, Laura, et al. “In Vitro Evaluation of Innovative Light-Responsive
    Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Release in Intestinal PDT.” <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 565, Elsevier BV, 2019, pp. 199–208, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077</a>.
  short: L. Mahlert, J. Anderski, T. Schoppa, D. Mulac, J. Sun, D. Kuckling, K. Langer,
    International Journal of Pharmaceutics 565 (2019) 199–208.
date_created: 2022-04-21T09:12:07Z
date_updated: 2022-04-21T09:13:07Z
department:
- _id: '311'
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.077
intvolume: '       565'
keyword:
- Light-responsive polymersPhotodynamic therapyControlled drug deliveryHT-29-MTX cellsIntestinal
  cancer
language:
- iso: eng
page: 199-208
publication: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-5173
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: In vitro evaluation of innovative light-responsive nanoparticles for controlled
  drug release in intestinal PDT
type: journal_article
user_id: '94'
volume: 565
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '30935'
author:
- first_name: Juliane
  full_name: Anderski, Juliane
  last_name: Anderski
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Mahlert, Laura
  last_name: Mahlert
- first_name: Jingjiang
  full_name: Sun, Jingjiang
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Birnbaum, Wolfgang
  last_name: Birnbaum
- first_name: Dennis
  full_name: Mulac, Dennis
  last_name: Mulac
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Schreiber, Sebastian
  last_name: Schreiber
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Herrmann, Fabian
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Kuckling, Dirk
  id: '287'
  last_name: Kuckling
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Langer, Klaus
  last_name: Langer
citation:
  ama: Anderski J, Mahlert L, Sun J, et al. Light-responsive nanoparticles based on
    new polycarbonate polymers as innovative drug delivery systems for photosensitizers
    in PDT. <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>. 2018;557:182-191. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040</a>
  apa: Anderski, J., Mahlert, L., Sun, J., Birnbaum, W., Mulac, D., Schreiber, S.,
    Herrmann, F., Kuckling, D., &#38; Langer, K. (2018). Light-responsive nanoparticles
    based on new polycarbonate polymers as innovative drug delivery systems for photosensitizers
    in PDT. <i>International Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, <i>557</i>, 182–191. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Anderski_Mahlert_Sun_Birnbaum_Mulac_Schreiber_Herrmann_Kuckling_Langer_2018,
    title={Light-responsive nanoparticles based on new polycarbonate polymers as innovative
    drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT}, volume={557}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040</a>},
    journal={International Journal of Pharmaceutics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Anderski,
    Juliane and Mahlert, Laura and Sun, Jingjiang and Birnbaum, Wolfgang and Mulac,
    Dennis and Schreiber, Sebastian and Herrmann, Fabian and Kuckling, Dirk and Langer,
    Klaus}, year={2018}, pages={182–191} }'
  chicago: 'Anderski, Juliane, Laura Mahlert, Jingjiang Sun, Wolfgang Birnbaum, Dennis
    Mulac, Sebastian Schreiber, Fabian Herrmann, Dirk Kuckling, and Klaus Langer.
    “Light-Responsive Nanoparticles Based on New Polycarbonate Polymers as Innovative
    Drug Delivery Systems for Photosensitizers in PDT.” <i>International Journal of
    Pharmaceutics</i> 557 (2018): 182–91. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Anderski <i>et al.</i>, “Light-responsive nanoparticles based on new polycarbonate
    polymers as innovative drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT,” <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 557, pp. 182–191, 2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040</a>.'
  mla: Anderski, Juliane, et al. “Light-Responsive Nanoparticles Based on New Polycarbonate
    Polymers as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Photosensitizers in PDT.” <i>International
    Journal of Pharmaceutics</i>, vol. 557, Elsevier BV, 2018, pp. 182–91, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040</a>.
  short: J. Anderski, L. Mahlert, J. Sun, W. Birnbaum, D. Mulac, S. Schreiber, F.
    Herrmann, D. Kuckling, K. Langer, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 557 (2018)
    182–191.
date_created: 2022-04-21T09:13:47Z
date_updated: 2022-04-21T09:14:49Z
department:
- _id: '311'
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.040
intvolume: '       557'
keyword:
- NanoparticlesLight-responsive polymersPhotodynamic therapyPoly(lactic-co-glycolic
  acid)Intestinal cancer
language:
- iso: eng
page: 182-191
publication: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-5173
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Light-responsive nanoparticles based on new polycarbonate polymers as innovative
  drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT
type: journal_article
user_id: '94'
volume: 557
year: '2018'
...