---
_id: '61150'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Since the emergence of the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI),
    a growing number of researchers have argued that XAI should consider insights
    from the social sciences in order to adapt explanations to the expectations and
    needs of human users. This has led to the emergence of a field called Social XAI,
    which is concerned with understanding how explanations are actively shaped in
    the interaction between a human user and an AI system. Recognizing this turn in
    XAI toward making XAI systems more “social” by providing explanations that focus
    on human information needs and incorporating insights from human–human explanatory
    interactions, in this paper we provide a formal foundation for Social XAI. We
    do so by proposing novel ontological accounts of the key terms used in Social
    XAI based on Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). Specifically, we provide novel ontological
    accounts for explanandum, explanans, understanding, explanation, explainer, explainee,
    and context. In doing so, we discuss multifaceted entities in Social XAI (having
    both continuant and occurrent facets; e.g., explanation) and the relationship
    between understanding and explanation. Additionally, we propose solutions to seemingly
    paradoxical views on some terms (e.g., social constructivist vs. individual constructivist
    perspective on explanandum).
author:
- first_name: Meisam
  full_name: Booshehri, Meisam
  id: '93424'
  last_name: Booshehri
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
  id: '76456'
  last_name: Buschmeier
  orcid: 0000-0002-9613-5713
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Cimiano, Philipp
  last_name: Cimiano
citation:
  ama: 'Booshehri M, Buschmeier H, Cimiano P. A BFO-based ontological analysis of
    entities in Social XAI. In: <i>Proceedings of the 15th International Conference
    on Formal Ontology in Information Systems</i>. IOS Press; 2025:255–268. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498">10.3233/faia250498</a>'
  apa: Booshehri, M., Buschmeier, H., &#38; Cimiano, P. (2025). A BFO-based ontological
    analysis of entities in Social XAI. In <i>Proceedings of the 15th International
    Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems</i> (pp. 255–268). IOS Press.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498">https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Booshehri_Buschmeier_Cimiano_2025, title={A BFO-based ontological
    analysis of entities in Social XAI}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498">10.3233/faia250498</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Formal Ontology
    in Information Systems}, publisher={IOS Press}, author={Booshehri, Meisam and
    Buschmeier, Hendrik and Cimiano, Philipp}, year={2025}, pages={255–268} }'
  chicago: Booshehri, Meisam, Hendrik Buschmeier, and Philipp Cimiano. “A BFO-Based
    Ontological Analysis of Entities in Social XAI.” In <i>Proceedings of the 15th
    International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems</i>, 255–268.
    IOS Press, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498">https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498</a>.
  ieee: M. Booshehri, H. Buschmeier, and P. Cimiano, “A BFO-based ontological analysis
    of entities in Social XAI,” in <i>Proceedings of the 15th International Conference
    on Formal Ontology in Information Systems</i>, IOS Press, 2025, pp. 255–268.
  mla: Booshehri, Meisam, et al. “A BFO-Based Ontological Analysis of Entities in
    Social XAI.” <i>Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Formal Ontology
    in Information Systems</i>, IOS Press, 2025, pp. 255–268, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250498">10.3233/faia250498</a>.
  short: 'M. Booshehri, H. Buschmeier, P. Cimiano, in: Proceedings of the 15th International
    Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems, IOS Press, 2025, pp. 255–268.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-09-12
  location: Catania, Italy
  name: 15th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems
  start_date: 2025-09-08
date_created: 2025-09-08T14:00:45Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T10:16:28Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.3233/faia250498
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA250498
oa: '1'
page: 255–268
project:
- _id: '118'
  name: 'TRR 318: Project Area INF'
- _id: '112'
  name: 'TRR 318; TP A02: Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und auswerten'
publication: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Formal Ontology in
  Information Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781643686172'
  issn:
  - 0922-6389
  - 1879-8314
publication_status: published
publisher: IOS Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A BFO-based ontological analysis of entities in Social XAI
type: book_chapter
user_id: '76456'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '57238'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Abstract argumentation is a popular toolkit for modeling, evaluating,
    and comparing arguments. Relationships between arguments are specified in argumentation
    frameworks (AFs), and conditions are placed on sets (extensions) of arguments
    that allow AFs to be evaluated. For more expressiveness, AFs are augmented with
    acceptance conditions on directly interacting arguments or a constraint on the
    admissible sets of arguments, resulting in dialectic frameworks or constrained
    argumentation frameworks. In this paper, we consider flexible conditions for rejecting
    an argument from an extension, which we call rejection conditions (RCs). On the
    technical level, we associate each argument with a specific logic program. We
    analyze the resulting complexity, including the structural parameter treewidth.
    Rejection AFs are highly expressive, giving rise to natural problems on higher
    levels of the polynomial hierarchy.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Johannes K.
  full_name: Fichte, Johannes K.
  last_name: Fichte
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Hecher, Markus
  last_name: Hecher
- first_name: Yasir
  full_name: Mahmood, Yasir
  id: '99353'
  last_name: Mahmood
- first_name: Arne
  full_name: Meier, Arne
  last_name: Meier
citation:
  ama: 'Fichte JK, Hecher M, Mahmood Y, Meier A. Rejection in Abstract Argumentation:
    Harder Than Acceptance? In: <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications</i>.
    IOS Press; 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867">10.3233/faia240867</a>'
  apa: 'Fichte, J. K., Hecher, M., Mahmood, Y., &#38; Meier, A. (2024). Rejection
    in Abstract Argumentation: Harder Than Acceptance? In <i>Frontiers in Artificial
    Intelligence and Applications</i>. ECAI} 2024 - 27th European Conference on Artificial
    Intelligence, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. IOS Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867">https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867</a>'
  bibtex: '@inbook{Fichte_Hecher_Mahmood_Meier_2024, title={Rejection in Abstract
    Argumentation: Harder Than Acceptance?}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867">10.3233/faia240867</a>},
    booktitle={Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications}, publisher={IOS
    Press}, author={Fichte, Johannes K. and Hecher, Markus and Mahmood, Yasir and
    Meier, Arne}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Fichte, Johannes K., Markus Hecher, Yasir Mahmood, and Arne Meier. “Rejection
    in Abstract Argumentation: Harder Than Acceptance?” In <i>Frontiers in Artificial
    Intelligence and Applications</i>. IOS Press, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867">https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. K. Fichte, M. Hecher, Y. Mahmood, and A. Meier, “Rejection in Abstract
    Argumentation: Harder Than Acceptance?,” in <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
    and Applications</i>, IOS Press, 2024.'
  mla: 'Fichte, Johannes K., et al. “Rejection in Abstract Argumentation: Harder Than
    Acceptance?” <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications</i>, IOS
    Press, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240867">10.3233/faia240867</a>.'
  short: 'J.K. Fichte, M. Hecher, Y. Mahmood, A. Meier, in: Frontiers in Artificial
    Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2024.'
conference:
  location: Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  name: ECAI} 2024 - 27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
date_created: 2024-11-19T11:46:55Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T10:01:52Z
department:
- _id: '574'
doi: 10.3233/faia240867
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '121'
  name: 'TRR 318; TP B01: Ein dialogbasierter Ansatz zur Erklärung von Modellen des
    maschinellen Lernens'
publication: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781643685489'
  issn:
  - 0922-6389
  - 1879-8314
publication_status: published
publisher: IOS Press
status: public
title: 'Rejection in Abstract Argumentation: Harder Than Acceptance?'
type: book_chapter
user_id: '99353'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '62702'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:p>Clifford algebras are a natural extension of division algebras, including
    real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions, and octonions. Previous research in
    knowledge graph embeddings has focused exclusively on Clifford algebras of a specific
    type, which do not include nilpotent base vectors—elements that square to zero.
    In this work, we introduce a novel approach by incorporating nilpotent base vectors
    with a nilpotency index of two, leading to a more general form of Clifford algebras
    named degenerate Clifford algebras. This generalization to degenerate Clifford
    algebras does allow for covering dual numbers and as such include translations
    and rotations models under the same generalization paradigm for the first time.
    We develop two models to determine the parameters that define the algebra: one
    using a greedy search and another predicting the parameters based on neural network
    embeddings of the input knowledge graph. Our evaluation on seven benchmark datasets
    demonstrates that this incorporation of nilpotent vectors enhances the quality
    of embeddings. Additionally, our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches
    in terms of generalization, particularly regarding the mean reciprocal rank achieved
    on validation data. Finally, we show that even a simple greedy search can effectively
    discover optimal or near-optimal parameters for the algebra.</jats:p>'
author:
- first_name: Louis Mozart
  full_name: Kamdem Teyou, Louis Mozart
  last_name: Kamdem Teyou
- first_name: Caglar
  full_name: Demir, Caglar
  last_name: Demir
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
  full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
  last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
citation:
  ama: 'Kamdem Teyou LM, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Embedding Knowledge Graphs in
    Degenerate Clifford Algebras. In: <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and
    Applications</i>. IOS Press; 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627">10.3233/faia240627</a>'
  apa: Kamdem Teyou, L. M., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2024). Embedding
    Knowledge Graphs in Degenerate Clifford Algebras. In <i>Frontiers in Artificial
    Intelligence and Applications</i>. 27TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
    Santiago de Compostela. IOS Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627">https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Kamdem Teyou_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2024, title={Embedding Knowledge
    Graphs in Degenerate Clifford Algebras}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627">10.3233/faia240627</a>},
    booktitle={Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications}, publisher={IOS
    Press}, author={Kamdem Teyou, Louis Mozart and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo,
    Axel-Cyrille}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Kamdem Teyou, Louis Mozart, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo.
    “Embedding Knowledge Graphs in Degenerate Clifford Algebras.” In <i>Frontiers
    in Artificial Intelligence and Applications</i>. IOS Press, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627">https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627</a>.
  ieee: L. M. Kamdem Teyou, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Embedding Knowledge
    Graphs in Degenerate Clifford Algebras,” in <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
    and Applications</i>, IOS Press, 2024.
  mla: Kamdem Teyou, Louis Mozart, et al. “Embedding Knowledge Graphs in Degenerate
    Clifford Algebras.” <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications</i>,
    IOS Press, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240627">10.3233/faia240627</a>.
  short: 'L.M. Kamdem Teyou, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: Frontiers in Artificial
    Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-10-24
  location: Santiago de Compostela
  name: 27TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
  start_date: 2024-10-19
date_created: 2025-11-28T14:32:43Z
date_updated: 2025-11-28T14:57:09Z
department:
- _id: '34'
- _id: '574'
doi: 10.3233/faia240627
language:
- iso: eng
popular_science: '1'
publication: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781643685489'
  issn:
  - 0922-6389
  - 1879-8314
publication_status: published
publisher: IOS Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Embedding Knowledge Graphs in Degenerate Clifford Algebras
type: book_chapter
user_id: '101165'
year: '2024'
...