[{"publication":"Cellulose","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The understanding of the interactions between cellulose and ionic liquids are the foundation for the development of new processes, to explore new reactions and to establish a circular bioeconomy. The main problem is that direct measurement, from both quantitative and qualitative point of view is challenging. While there are methods to assess solution strength and wettability of ionic liquids with cellulose materials, the main challenge lies in the combination of a solid substrate and an applied liquid, limiting the number of accessible methods. We demonstrate in this paper that an in-situ solid-state NMR spectroscopical approach is capable of monitoring in real-time the mobility of ionic liquids in cellulose-based substrates. Specifically, we employ 1H → 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectroscopy to examine mobility changes over varying exposure times in paper samples treated with ionic liquids. Through this approach, we capture the temporal evolution of IL signals, which in turn provide insights into mobility changes of ILs and also allow for identifying changes in cellulose crystallinity. The approach allows for a simple, semiquantitative assessment of cellulose solubility in ionic liquids and is in principle applicable to other biomass materials as well."}],"status":"public","_id":"64009","user_id":"100715","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0969-0239"]},"issue":"18","year":"2025","intvolume":"        32","page":"10439–10453","citation":{"apa":"Lins, J., Pachernegg-Mair, L., Höfler, M. V., Hajialilou, S., Spirk, S., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2025). Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state NMR spectroscopy. <i>Cellulose</i>, <i>32</i>(18), 10439–10453. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6</a>","mla":"Lins, Jonas, et al. “Time Resolved Mobility Changes of Ionic Liquids in Cellulose by In-Situ Solid State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 32, no. 18, 2025, pp. 10439–10453, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6\">10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6</a>.","short":"J. Lins, L. Pachernegg-Mair, M.V. Höfler, S. Hajialilou, S. Spirk, T. Gutmann, Cellulose 32 (2025) 10439–10453.","bibtex":"@article{Lins_Pachernegg-Mair_Höfler_Hajialilou_Spirk_Gutmann_2025, title={Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state NMR spectroscopy}, volume={32}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6\">10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6</a>}, number={18}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Lins, Jonas and Pachernegg-Mair, Lukas and Höfler, Mark V. and Hajialilou, Solmaz and Spirk, Stefan and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2025}, pages={10439–10453} }","chicago":"Lins, Jonas, Lukas Pachernegg-Mair, Mark V. Höfler, Solmaz Hajialilou, Stefan Spirk, and Torsten Gutmann. “Time Resolved Mobility Changes of Ionic Liquids in Cellulose by In-Situ Solid State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Cellulose</i> 32, no. 18 (2025): 10439–10453. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6</a>.","ieee":"J. Lins, L. Pachernegg-Mair, M. V. Höfler, S. Hajialilou, S. Spirk, and T. Gutmann, “Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state NMR spectroscopy,” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 10439–10453, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6\">10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6</a>.","ama":"Lins J, Pachernegg-Mair L, Höfler MV, Hajialilou S, Spirk S, Gutmann T. Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state NMR spectroscopy. <i>Cellulose</i>. 2025;32(18):10439–10453. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6\">10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6</a>"},"date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:15:25Z","volume":32,"date_created":"2026-02-07T15:57:04Z","author":[{"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Lins","full_name":"Lins, Jonas"},{"full_name":"Pachernegg-Mair, Lukas","last_name":"Pachernegg-Mair","first_name":"Lukas"},{"first_name":"Mark V.","last_name":"Höfler","full_name":"Höfler, Mark V."},{"last_name":"Hajialilou","full_name":"Hajialilou, Solmaz","first_name":"Solmaz"},{"full_name":"Spirk, Stefan","last_name":"Spirk","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Gutmann","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165","first_name":"Torsten"}],"title":"Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state NMR spectroscopy","doi":"10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6"},{"abstract":[{"text":"In this contribution, we report on the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of pulp fibers used in the general context of papermaking and for the future design of tailor-made paper in advanced applications. We focus in our studies on properties of TEMPO-oxidized pulp fibers to explain the characteristics of the paper made thereof. 13C solid-state NMR analysis reveals that in particular amorphous regions of the fibers are being chemically oxidized, while at the same time the crystalline regions of the fibers are not significantly affected. Investigation of the fiber morphology before and after oxidation shows that the fiber length is not changed, yet the fibers do exhibit an increase in width if in contact with water, which is attributed to an increase in fiber swelling. In addition, fibrillation decreases due to the oxidative removal of loosely bound fines and fibrils, rendering the surface of the resulting oxidized fibers much smoother in comparison to the original fibers. Finally, we observe that both, dry and wet tensile strengths are also higher for paper made of oxidized fibers, most likely due to cross linkable aldehyde groups formed during oxidation (i.e. hemiacetal bond formation in the sheet during thermal drying). Our results of the oxidation of paper fibers thus offer a systematic study helpful for the design of tailor-made paper useful in several applications where a fiber-modification with fiber-immobilized functional motifs is crucial, such as for example in paper-based microfluidic sensors (µPADs) or lab-on a chip-devices.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Cellulose","type":"journal_article","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"63975","user_id":"100715","year":"2024","intvolume":"        31","page":"3067–3082","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Hillscher_Höfler_Gutmann_Lux_Clerkin_Schwall_Villforth_Schabel_Biesalski_2024, title={Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties}, volume={31}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5\">10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5</a>}, number={5}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Hillscher, Laura M. and Höfler, Mark V. and Gutmann, Torsten and Lux, Cassia and Clerkin, K. Uta and Schwall, Gerhard and Villforth, Klaus and Schabel, Samuel and Biesalski, Markus}, year={2024}, pages={3067–3082} }","short":"L.M. Hillscher, M.V. Höfler, T. Gutmann, C. Lux, K.U. Clerkin, G. Schwall, K. Villforth, S. Schabel, M. Biesalski, Cellulose 31 (2024) 3067–3082.","mla":"Hillscher, Laura M., et al. “Influence of TEMPO-Oxidation on Pulp Fiber Chemistry, Morphology and Mechanical Paper Sheet Properties.” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 31, no. 5, 2024, pp. 3067–3082, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5\">10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5</a>.","apa":"Hillscher, L. M., Höfler, M. V., Gutmann, T., Lux, C., Clerkin, K. U., Schwall, G., Villforth, K., Schabel, S., &#38; Biesalski, M. (2024). Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties. <i>Cellulose</i>, <i>31</i>(5), 3067–3082. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5</a>","ama":"Hillscher LM, Höfler MV, Gutmann T, et al. Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties. <i>Cellulose</i>. 2024;31(5):3067–3082. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5\">10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5</a>","chicago":"Hillscher, Laura M., Mark V. Höfler, Torsten Gutmann, Cassia Lux, K. Uta Clerkin, Gerhard Schwall, Klaus Villforth, Samuel Schabel, and Markus Biesalski. “Influence of TEMPO-Oxidation on Pulp Fiber Chemistry, Morphology and Mechanical Paper Sheet Properties.” <i>Cellulose</i> 31, no. 5 (2024): 3067–3082. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5</a>.","ieee":"L. M. Hillscher <i>et al.</i>, “Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties,” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3067–3082, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5\">10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0969-0239"]},"issue":"5","title":"Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties","doi":"10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:17:19Z","volume":31,"author":[{"first_name":"Laura M.","full_name":"Hillscher, Laura M.","last_name":"Hillscher"},{"first_name":"Mark V.","full_name":"Höfler, Mark V.","last_name":"Höfler"},{"last_name":"Gutmann","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165","first_name":"Torsten"},{"first_name":"Cassia","last_name":"Lux","full_name":"Lux, Cassia"},{"first_name":"K. Uta","full_name":"Clerkin, K. Uta","last_name":"Clerkin"},{"first_name":"Gerhard","full_name":"Schwall, Gerhard","last_name":"Schwall"},{"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Villforth","full_name":"Villforth, Klaus"},{"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Schabel","full_name":"Schabel, Samuel"},{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Biesalski, Markus","last_name":"Biesalski"}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T15:42:23Z"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Cellulose","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A novel, efficient approach for the functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is presented. The as-obtained material allows the immobilization of chiral dirhodium catalysts preserving their enantioselectivity in asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. As model, microcrystalline cellulose is modified with a polyethylene glycol derived linker, and Rh-2(S-DOSP)(4) is grafted on the material to produce a heterogeneous catalyst. SEM images at different stages of the immobilization show an unchanging uniform morphology, providing constantly good separation characteristics. The modification of the cellulose material with the polyethylene derived linker and the immobilization process are monitored using DNP enhanced H-1 -{\\textgreater} C-13 CP MAS NMR, quantitative F-19 MAS NMR, TGA and ICP-OES analysis, confirming the success of the immobilization as well as the stability of bonds between the used linker molecule and the cellulose material. Finally, the evaluation of the produced catalyst is demonstrated in the asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction between styrene and methyl(E)-2-diazo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate showing excellent enantioselectivity with an ee of nearly 90% over a wide temperature range as well as good recyclability characteristics in four consecutive catalysis cycles."}],"status":"public","_id":"64030","user_id":"100715","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0969-0239"]},"issue":"11","year":"2022","citation":{"chicago":"Roesler, L., M. V. Hoefler, H. Breitzke, T. Wissel, K. Herr, H. Heise, Torsten Gutmann, and G. Buntkowsky. “Dirhodium Complex Immobilization on Modified Cellulose for Highly Selective Heterogeneous Cyclopropanation Reactions.” <i>Cellulose</i> 29, no. 11 (2022): 6283–6299. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y</a>.","ieee":"L. Roesler <i>et al.</i>, “Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions,” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 6283–6299, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y\">10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y</a>.","ama":"Roesler L, Hoefler MV, Breitzke H, et al. Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions. <i>Cellulose</i>. 2022;29(11):6283–6299. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y\">10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y</a>","short":"L. Roesler, M.V. Hoefler, H. Breitzke, T. Wissel, K. Herr, H. Heise, T. Gutmann, G. Buntkowsky, Cellulose 29 (2022) 6283–6299.","bibtex":"@article{Roesler_Hoefler_Breitzke_Wissel_Herr_Heise_Gutmann_Buntkowsky_2022, title={Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions}, volume={29}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y\">10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y</a>}, number={11}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Roesler, L. and Hoefler, M. V. and Breitzke, H. and Wissel, T. and Herr, K. and Heise, H. and Gutmann, Torsten and Buntkowsky, G.}, year={2022}, pages={6283–6299} }","mla":"Roesler, L., et al. “Dirhodium Complex Immobilization on Modified Cellulose for Highly Selective Heterogeneous Cyclopropanation Reactions.” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 29, no. 11, 2022, pp. 6283–6299, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y\">10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y</a>.","apa":"Roesler, L., Hoefler, M. V., Breitzke, H., Wissel, T., Herr, K., Heise, H., Gutmann, T., &#38; Buntkowsky, G. (2022). Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions. <i>Cellulose</i>, <i>29</i>(11), 6283–6299. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y</a>"},"intvolume":"        29","page":"6283–6299","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:13:54Z","author":[{"last_name":"Roesler","full_name":"Roesler, L.","first_name":"L."},{"first_name":"M. V.","full_name":"Hoefler, M. V.","last_name":"Hoefler"},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Breitzke","full_name":"Breitzke, H."},{"last_name":"Wissel","full_name":"Wissel, T.","first_name":"T."},{"last_name":"Herr","full_name":"Herr, K.","first_name":"K."},{"last_name":"Heise","full_name":"Heise, H.","first_name":"H."},{"first_name":"Torsten","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165","last_name":"Gutmann"},{"full_name":"Buntkowsky, G.","last_name":"Buntkowsky","first_name":"G."}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T16:06:07Z","volume":29,"title":"Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions","doi":"10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y"},{"user_id":"100715","_id":"63954","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","publication":"Cellulose","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"We propose a mild and versatile synthesis protocol based on N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters for the introduction of new functionalities to cellulose, using as starting point established protocols for the tosylation of cellulose and its subsequent reaction with a diamine linker. As a proof of concept, we describe the functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose with a N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated ester of benzophenone, a photoreactive functional group. Irradiation of the final product with UV light yields a self-standing polymer film and is expected to result in cross-linking among cellulose chains. To monitor structural changes at the molecular level, each functionalization step is characterized by a multinuclear solid-state NMR approach. DNP-enhanced 15N CP MAS NMR experiments reveal the formation of the amide bond to the photoreactive linker and deliver further information about the binding situation of nitrogen-containing groups in these materials. The flexible synthesis protocol described here can be easily extended to a broad range of other functionalities of interest, both for the cellulose and macromolecular research.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T15:35:03Z","author":[{"first_name":"Pedro B.","full_name":"Groszewicz, Pedro B.","last_name":"Groszewicz"},{"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Mendes","full_name":"Mendes, Pedro"},{"full_name":"Kumari, Bharti","last_name":"Kumari","first_name":"Bharti"},{"full_name":"Lins, Jonas","last_name":"Lins","first_name":"Jonas"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Biesalski","full_name":"Biesalski, Markus"},{"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Gutmann","id":"118165","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten"},{"first_name":"Gerd","last_name":"Buntkowsky","full_name":"Buntkowsky, Gerd"}],"volume":27,"date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:18:08Z","doi":"10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5","title":"N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0969-0239"]},"citation":{"short":"P.B. Groszewicz, P. Mendes, B. Kumari, J. Lins, M. Biesalski, T. Gutmann, G. Buntkowsky, Cellulose 27 (2020) 1239–1254.","mla":"Groszewicz, Pedro B., et al. “N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Activated Esters as a Functionalization Agent for Amino Cellulose: Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Characterization.” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 27, 2020, pp. 1239–1254, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5\">10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Groszewicz_Mendes_Kumari_Lins_Biesalski_Gutmann_Buntkowsky_2020, title={N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization}, volume={27}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5\">10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5</a>}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Groszewicz, Pedro B. and Mendes, Pedro and Kumari, Bharti and Lins, Jonas and Biesalski, Markus and Gutmann, Torsten and Buntkowsky, Gerd}, year={2020}, pages={1239–1254} }","apa":"Groszewicz, P. B., Mendes, P., Kumari, B., Lins, J., Biesalski, M., Gutmann, T., &#38; Buntkowsky, G. (2020). N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization. <i>Cellulose</i>, <i>27</i>, 1239–1254. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5</a>","ieee":"P. B. Groszewicz <i>et al.</i>, “N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization,” <i>Cellulose</i>, vol. 27, pp. 1239–1254, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5\">10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5</a>.","chicago":"Groszewicz, Pedro B., Pedro Mendes, Bharti Kumari, Jonas Lins, Markus Biesalski, Torsten Gutmann, and Gerd Buntkowsky. “N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Activated Esters as a Functionalization Agent for Amino Cellulose: Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Characterization.” <i>Cellulose</i> 27 (2020): 1239–1254. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5</a>.","ama":"Groszewicz PB, Mendes P, Kumari B, et al. N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization. <i>Cellulose</i>. 2020;27:1239–1254. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5\">10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5</a>"},"page":"1239–1254","intvolume":"        27","year":"2020"}]