---
_id: '64009'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The understanding of the interactions between cellulose and ionic liquids
are the foundation for the development of new processes, to explore new reactions
and to establish a circular bioeconomy. The main problem is that direct measurement,
from both quantitative and qualitative point of view is challenging. While there
are methods to assess solution strength and wettability of ionic liquids with
cellulose materials, the main challenge lies in the combination of a solid substrate
and an applied liquid, limiting the number of accessible methods. We demonstrate
in this paper that an in-situ solid-state NMR spectroscopical approach is capable
of monitoring in real-time the mobility of ionic liquids in cellulose-based substrates.
Specifically, we employ 1H → 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS)
NMR spectroscopy to examine mobility changes over varying exposure times in paper
samples treated with ionic liquids. Through this approach, we capture the temporal
evolution of IL signals, which in turn provide insights into mobility changes
of ILs and also allow for identifying changes in cellulose crystallinity. The
approach allows for a simple, semiquantitative assessment of cellulose solubility
in ionic liquids and is in principle applicable to other biomass materials as
well.
author:
- first_name: Jonas
full_name: Lins, Jonas
last_name: Lins
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Pachernegg-Mair, Lukas
last_name: Pachernegg-Mair
- first_name: Mark V.
full_name: Höfler, Mark V.
last_name: Höfler
- first_name: Solmaz
full_name: Hajialilou, Solmaz
last_name: Hajialilou
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Spirk, Stefan
last_name: Spirk
- first_name: Torsten
full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
id: '118165'
last_name: Gutmann
citation:
ama: Lins J, Pachernegg-Mair L, Höfler MV, Hajialilou S, Spirk S, Gutmann T. Time
resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state
NMR spectroscopy. Cellulose. 2025;32(18):10439–10453. doi:10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6
apa: Lins, J., Pachernegg-Mair, L., Höfler, M. V., Hajialilou, S., Spirk, S., &
Gutmann, T. (2025). Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose
by in-situ solid state NMR spectroscopy. Cellulose, 32(18), 10439–10453.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6
bibtex: '@article{Lins_Pachernegg-Mair_Höfler_Hajialilou_Spirk_Gutmann_2025, title={Time
resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid state
NMR spectroscopy}, volume={32}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6},
number={18}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Lins, Jonas and Pachernegg-Mair, Lukas
and Höfler, Mark V. and Hajialilou, Solmaz and Spirk, Stefan and Gutmann, Torsten},
year={2025}, pages={10439–10453} }'
chicago: 'Lins, Jonas, Lukas Pachernegg-Mair, Mark V. Höfler, Solmaz Hajialilou,
Stefan Spirk, and Torsten Gutmann. “Time Resolved Mobility Changes of Ionic Liquids
in Cellulose by In-Situ Solid State NMR Spectroscopy.” Cellulose 32, no.
18 (2025): 10439–10453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6.'
ieee: 'J. Lins, L. Pachernegg-Mair, M. V. Höfler, S. Hajialilou, S. Spirk, and T.
Gutmann, “Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ
solid state NMR spectroscopy,” Cellulose, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 10439–10453,
2025, doi: 10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6.'
mla: Lins, Jonas, et al. “Time Resolved Mobility Changes of Ionic Liquids in Cellulose
by In-Situ Solid State NMR Spectroscopy.” Cellulose, vol. 32, no. 18, 2025,
pp. 10439–10453, doi:10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6.
short: J. Lins, L. Pachernegg-Mair, M.V. Höfler, S. Hajialilou, S. Spirk, T. Gutmann,
Cellulose 32 (2025) 10439–10453.
date_created: 2026-02-07T15:57:04Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:15:25Z
doi: 10.1007/s10570-025-06848-6
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 32'
issue: '18'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 10439–10453
publication: Cellulose
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0969-0239
status: public
title: Time resolved mobility changes of ionic liquids in cellulose by in-situ solid
state NMR spectroscopy
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 32
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '63975'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this contribution, we report on the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of pulp fibers
used in the general context of papermaking and for the future design of tailor-made
paper in advanced applications. We focus in our studies on properties of TEMPO-oxidized
pulp fibers to explain the characteristics of the paper made thereof. 13C solid-state
NMR analysis reveals that in particular amorphous regions of the fibers are being
chemically oxidized, while at the same time the crystalline regions of the fibers
are not significantly affected. Investigation of the fiber morphology before and
after oxidation shows that the fiber length is not changed, yet the fibers do
exhibit an increase in width if in contact with water, which is attributed to
an increase in fiber swelling. In addition, fibrillation decreases due to the
oxidative removal of loosely bound fines and fibrils, rendering the surface of
the resulting oxidized fibers much smoother in comparison to the original fibers.
Finally, we observe that both, dry and wet tensile strengths are also higher for
paper made of oxidized fibers, most likely due to cross linkable aldehyde groups
formed during oxidation (i.e. hemiacetal bond formation in the sheet during thermal
drying). Our results of the oxidation of paper fibers thus offer a systematic
study helpful for the design of tailor-made paper useful in several applications
where a fiber-modification with fiber-immobilized functional motifs is crucial,
such as for example in paper-based microfluidic sensors (µPADs) or lab-on a chip-devices.
author:
- first_name: Laura M.
full_name: Hillscher, Laura M.
last_name: Hillscher
- first_name: Mark V.
full_name: Höfler, Mark V.
last_name: Höfler
- first_name: Torsten
full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
id: '118165'
last_name: Gutmann
- first_name: Cassia
full_name: Lux, Cassia
last_name: Lux
- first_name: K. Uta
full_name: Clerkin, K. Uta
last_name: Clerkin
- first_name: Gerhard
full_name: Schwall, Gerhard
last_name: Schwall
- first_name: Klaus
full_name: Villforth, Klaus
last_name: Villforth
- first_name: Samuel
full_name: Schabel, Samuel
last_name: Schabel
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Biesalski, Markus
last_name: Biesalski
citation:
ama: Hillscher LM, Höfler MV, Gutmann T, et al. Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on
pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties. Cellulose.
2024;31(5):3067–3082. doi:10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5
apa: Hillscher, L. M., Höfler, M. V., Gutmann, T., Lux, C., Clerkin, K. U., Schwall,
G., Villforth, K., Schabel, S., & Biesalski, M. (2024). Influence of TEMPO-oxidation
on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties. Cellulose,
31(5), 3067–3082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5
bibtex: '@article{Hillscher_Höfler_Gutmann_Lux_Clerkin_Schwall_Villforth_Schabel_Biesalski_2024,
title={Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical
paper sheet properties}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5},
number={5}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Hillscher, Laura M. and Höfler, Mark
V. and Gutmann, Torsten and Lux, Cassia and Clerkin, K. Uta and Schwall, Gerhard
and Villforth, Klaus and Schabel, Samuel and Biesalski, Markus}, year={2024},
pages={3067–3082} }'
chicago: 'Hillscher, Laura M., Mark V. Höfler, Torsten Gutmann, Cassia Lux, K. Uta
Clerkin, Gerhard Schwall, Klaus Villforth, Samuel Schabel, and Markus Biesalski.
“Influence of TEMPO-Oxidation on Pulp Fiber Chemistry, Morphology and Mechanical
Paper Sheet Properties.” Cellulose 31, no. 5 (2024): 3067–3082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5.'
ieee: 'L. M. Hillscher et al., “Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber
chemistry, morphology and mechanical paper sheet properties,” Cellulose,
vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3067–3082, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5.'
mla: Hillscher, Laura M., et al. “Influence of TEMPO-Oxidation on Pulp Fiber Chemistry,
Morphology and Mechanical Paper Sheet Properties.” Cellulose, vol. 31,
no. 5, 2024, pp. 3067–3082, doi:10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5.
short: L.M. Hillscher, M.V. Höfler, T. Gutmann, C. Lux, K.U. Clerkin, G. Schwall,
K. Villforth, S. Schabel, M. Biesalski, Cellulose 31 (2024) 3067–3082.
date_created: 2026-02-07T15:42:23Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:17:19Z
doi: 10.1007/s10570-024-05748-5
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 31'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 3067–3082
publication: Cellulose
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0969-0239
status: public
title: Influence of TEMPO-oxidation on pulp fiber chemistry, morphology and mechanical
paper sheet properties
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 31
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '64030'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A novel, efficient approach for the functionalization of microcrystalline
cellulose (MCC) is presented. The as-obtained material allows the immobilization
of chiral dirhodium catalysts preserving their enantioselectivity in asymmetric
cyclopropanation reactions. As model, microcrystalline cellulose is modified with
a polyethylene glycol derived linker, and Rh-2(S-DOSP)(4) is grafted on the material
to produce a heterogeneous catalyst. SEM images at different stages of the immobilization
show an unchanging uniform morphology, providing constantly good separation characteristics.
The modification of the cellulose material with the polyethylene derived linker
and the immobilization process are monitored using DNP enhanced H-1 -{\textgreater}
C-13 CP MAS NMR, quantitative F-19 MAS NMR, TGA and ICP-OES analysis, confirming
the success of the immobilization as well as the stability of bonds between the
used linker molecule and the cellulose material. Finally, the evaluation of the
produced catalyst is demonstrated in the asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction
between styrene and methyl(E)-2-diazo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate showing excellent enantioselectivity
with an ee of nearly 90% over a wide temperature range as well as good recyclability
characteristics in four consecutive catalysis cycles.
author:
- first_name: L.
full_name: Roesler, L.
last_name: Roesler
- first_name: M. V.
full_name: Hoefler, M. V.
last_name: Hoefler
- first_name: H.
full_name: Breitzke, H.
last_name: Breitzke
- first_name: T.
full_name: Wissel, T.
last_name: Wissel
- first_name: K.
full_name: Herr, K.
last_name: Herr
- first_name: H.
full_name: Heise, H.
last_name: Heise
- first_name: Torsten
full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
id: '118165'
last_name: Gutmann
- first_name: G.
full_name: Buntkowsky, G.
last_name: Buntkowsky
citation:
ama: Roesler L, Hoefler MV, Breitzke H, et al. Dirhodium complex immobilization
on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions.
Cellulose. 2022;29(11):6283–6299. doi:10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y
apa: Roesler, L., Hoefler, M. V., Breitzke, H., Wissel, T., Herr, K., Heise, H.,
Gutmann, T., & Buntkowsky, G. (2022). Dirhodium complex immobilization on
modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions.
Cellulose, 29(11), 6283–6299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y
bibtex: '@article{Roesler_Hoefler_Breitzke_Wissel_Herr_Heise_Gutmann_Buntkowsky_2022,
title={Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective
heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions}, volume={29}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y},
number={11}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Roesler, L. and Hoefler, M. V. and Breitzke,
H. and Wissel, T. and Herr, K. and Heise, H. and Gutmann, Torsten and Buntkowsky,
G.}, year={2022}, pages={6283–6299} }'
chicago: 'Roesler, L., M. V. Hoefler, H. Breitzke, T. Wissel, K. Herr, H. Heise,
Torsten Gutmann, and G. Buntkowsky. “Dirhodium Complex Immobilization on Modified
Cellulose for Highly Selective Heterogeneous Cyclopropanation Reactions.” Cellulose
29, no. 11 (2022): 6283–6299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y.'
ieee: 'L. Roesler et al., “Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose
for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions,” Cellulose,
vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 6283–6299, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y.'
mla: Roesler, L., et al. “Dirhodium Complex Immobilization on Modified Cellulose
for Highly Selective Heterogeneous Cyclopropanation Reactions.” Cellulose,
vol. 29, no. 11, 2022, pp. 6283–6299, doi:10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y.
short: L. Roesler, M.V. Hoefler, H. Breitzke, T. Wissel, K. Herr, H. Heise, T. Gutmann,
G. Buntkowsky, Cellulose 29 (2022) 6283–6299.
date_created: 2026-02-07T16:06:07Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:13:54Z
doi: 10.1007/s10570-022-04654-y
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 29'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 6283–6299
publication: Cellulose
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0969-0239
status: public
title: Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective
heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 29
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '63954'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We propose a mild and versatile synthesis protocol based on N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated
esters for the introduction of new functionalities to cellulose, using as starting
point established protocols for the tosylation of cellulose and its subsequent
reaction with a diamine linker. As a proof of concept, we describe the functionalization
of microcrystalline cellulose with a N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated ester of benzophenone,
a photoreactive functional group. Irradiation of the final product with UV light
yields a self-standing polymer film and is expected to result in cross-linking
among cellulose chains. To monitor structural changes at the molecular level,
each functionalization step is characterized by a multinuclear solid-state NMR
approach. DNP-enhanced 15N CP MAS NMR experiments reveal the formation of the
amide bond to the photoreactive linker and deliver further information about the
binding situation of nitrogen-containing groups in these materials. The flexible
synthesis protocol described here can be easily extended to a broad range of other
functionalities of interest, both for the cellulose and macromolecular research.
author:
- first_name: Pedro B.
full_name: Groszewicz, Pedro B.
last_name: Groszewicz
- first_name: Pedro
full_name: Mendes, Pedro
last_name: Mendes
- first_name: Bharti
full_name: Kumari, Bharti
last_name: Kumari
- first_name: Jonas
full_name: Lins, Jonas
last_name: Lins
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Biesalski, Markus
last_name: Biesalski
- first_name: Torsten
full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
id: '118165'
last_name: Gutmann
- first_name: Gerd
full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
last_name: Buntkowsky
citation:
ama: 'Groszewicz PB, Mendes P, Kumari B, et al. N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters
as a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR
characterization. Cellulose. 2020;27:1239–1254. doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5'
apa: 'Groszewicz, P. B., Mendes, P., Kumari, B., Lins, J., Biesalski, M., Gutmann,
T., & Buntkowsky, G. (2020). N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization
agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization. Cellulose,
27, 1239–1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5'
bibtex: '@article{Groszewicz_Mendes_Kumari_Lins_Biesalski_Gutmann_Buntkowsky_2020,
title={N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for
amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization}, volume={27},
DOI={10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5},
journal={Cellulose}, author={Groszewicz, Pedro B. and Mendes, Pedro and Kumari,
Bharti and Lins, Jonas and Biesalski, Markus and Gutmann, Torsten and Buntkowsky,
Gerd}, year={2020}, pages={1239–1254} }'
chicago: 'Groszewicz, Pedro B., Pedro Mendes, Bharti Kumari, Jonas Lins, Markus
Biesalski, Torsten Gutmann, and Gerd Buntkowsky. “N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Activated
Esters as a Functionalization Agent for Amino Cellulose: Synthesis and Solid-State
NMR Characterization.” Cellulose 27 (2020): 1239–1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5.'
ieee: 'P. B. Groszewicz et al., “N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as
a functionalization agent for amino cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization,”
Cellulose, vol. 27, pp. 1239–1254, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5.'
mla: 'Groszewicz, Pedro B., et al. “N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Activated Esters as a Functionalization
Agent for Amino Cellulose: Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Characterization.” Cellulose,
vol. 27, 2020, pp. 1239–1254, doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5.'
short: P.B. Groszewicz, P. Mendes, B. Kumari, J. Lins, M. Biesalski, T. Gutmann,
G. Buntkowsky, Cellulose 27 (2020) 1239–1254.
date_created: 2026-02-07T15:35:03Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:18:08Z
doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02864-5
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 27'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1239–1254
publication: Cellulose
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0969-0239
status: public
title: 'N-Hydroxysuccinimide-activated esters as a functionalization agent for amino
cellulose: synthesis and solid-state NMR characterization'
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 27
year: '2020'
...