---
_id: '61023'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Objectives: \r\nFemale bonobos (Pan paniscus) are characterized as highly
    affiliative and cooperative,but few studies have quantified the strength and stability
    of female intra-sexual relationships or explored how variation in social relationships
    influences cooperation. We measure female social preferences, identify causes
    of variation in preferences, and test whether variation in social preferences
    predicts food sharing or coalitionary support.\r\nMethods: Data were collected
    over 3 years from females in the Bompusa community at LuiKotale,DRC. We measured
    genetic relatedness and constructed social preference indices for party association,
    proximity, grooming, GG-rubbing and aggression. We identified preferred social
    partners based on permutation tests and measured stability using Mantel tests.
    We used factor analysis to identify inter-relationships between preference indices
    and used LMMs to test whether variation in social preferences was explained by
    relatedness, rank differences, having dependent young or co-residency time. We
    used GLMMs to test whether variation in social preferences predicted food sharing
    or coalitionary support.\r\nResults: All females had preferred non-kin partners
    for proximity, grooming or GG-rubbing, but only grooming preferences were stable
    across years. Association indices were higher among lactating females, and aggression
    was lower among females with longer co-residency times. The factor analysis identified
    one factor, representing proximity and GG-rubbing preferences, labeled behavioral
    coordination. Dyads with higher levels of behavioral coordination were more likely
    to share food.\r\nConclusions: Female bonobos exhibit stable, differentiated grooming
    relationships outside of kinship and philopatry. Females also exhibit flexible
    proximity and GG-rubbing preferences that may facilitate cooperation with a wider
    range of social partners."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Liza R.
  full_name: Moscovice, Liza R.
  last_name: Moscovice
- first_name: Pamela Heidi
  full_name: Douglas, Pamela Heidi
  id: '72311'
  last_name: Douglas
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Martinez‐Iñigo, Laura
  last_name: Martinez‐Iñigo
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Surbeck, Martin
  last_name: Surbeck
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Vigilant, Linda
  last_name: Vigilant
- first_name: Gottfried
  full_name: Hohmann, Gottfried
  last_name: Hohmann
citation:
  ama: Moscovice LR, Douglas PH, Martinez‐Iñigo L, Surbeck M, Vigilant L, Hohmann
    G. Stable and fluctuating social preferences and implications for cooperation
    among female bonobos at LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DRC. <i>American Journal
    of Physical Anthropology</i>. 2017;163(1):158-172. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197">10.1002/ajpa.23197</a>
  apa: Moscovice, L. R., Douglas, P. H., Martinez‐Iñigo, L., Surbeck, M., Vigilant,
    L., &#38; Hohmann, G. (2017). Stable and fluctuating social preferences and implications
    for cooperation among female bonobos at LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DRC.
    <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>, <i>163</i>(1), 158–172. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Moscovice_Douglas_Martinez‐Iñigo_Surbeck_Vigilant_Hohmann_2017,
    title={Stable and fluctuating social preferences and implications for cooperation
    among female bonobos at LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DRC}, volume={163},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197">10.1002/ajpa.23197</a>}, number={1},
    journal={American Journal of Physical Anthropology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Moscovice,
    Liza R. and Douglas, Pamela Heidi and Martinez‐Iñigo, Laura and Surbeck, Martin
    and Vigilant, Linda and Hohmann, Gottfried}, year={2017}, pages={158–172} }'
  chicago: 'Moscovice, Liza R., Pamela Heidi Douglas, Laura Martinez‐Iñigo, Martin
    Surbeck, Linda Vigilant, and Gottfried Hohmann. “Stable and Fluctuating Social
    Preferences and Implications for Cooperation among Female Bonobos at LuiKotale,
    Salonga National Park, DRC.” <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>
    163, no. 1 (2017): 158–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. R. Moscovice, P. H. Douglas, L. Martinez‐Iñigo, M. Surbeck, L. Vigilant,
    and G. Hohmann, “Stable and fluctuating social preferences and implications for
    cooperation among female bonobos at LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DRC,” <i>American
    Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 158–172, 2017, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197">10.1002/ajpa.23197</a>.'
  mla: Moscovice, Liza R., et al. “Stable and Fluctuating Social Preferences and Implications
    for Cooperation among Female Bonobos at LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DRC.”
    <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>, vol. 163, no. 1, Wiley, 2017,
    pp. 158–72, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23197">10.1002/ajpa.23197</a>.
  short: L.R. Moscovice, P.H. Douglas, L. Martinez‐Iñigo, M. Surbeck, L. Vigilant,
    G. Hohmann, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 163 (2017) 158–172.
date_created: 2025-08-26T18:57:51Z
date_updated: 2025-08-26T19:07:49Z
doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23197
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       163'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Pan paniscus
- mtDNA
- proximity
- genito-genital rubbing
- food sharing
language:
- iso: eng
page: 158-172
publication: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-9483
  - 1096-8644
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: Stable and fluctuating social preferences and implications for cooperation
  among female bonobos at LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DRC
type: journal_article
user_id: '72311'
volume: 163
year: '2017'
...