[{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:sec>\r\n                    <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>\r\n                    <jats:p>The adoption of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) as an additive manufacturing technique has been slow in the oil and gas (O&amp;G) industry because of the uncertainty regarding material performance and the lack of suitable materials. The high investment and time required for LPBF development also discourage adoption. This study aims to address these concerns by developing a parameter set for a relevant material using a systematic approach to optimize the density of the printed parts with reduced experimental effort.</jats:p>\r\n                  </jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:sec>\r\n                    <jats:title>Design/methodology/approach</jats:title>\r\n                    <jats:p>First, an industry-relevant Ni-based superalloy, UNS N09946, was gas-atomized to produce a powder. The powder was fully characterized to ensure successful printing. Next, a processing parameter set tailored for achieving full density was developed for UNS N09946 using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach based on the volumetric energy density equation.</jats:p>\r\n                  </jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:sec>\r\n                    <jats:title>Findings</jats:title>\r\n                    <jats:p>A model was created using Response Surface Methodology that relates laser power, scan speed and hatch distance to efficiently identify successful parameter combinations, thus reducing the number of specimens necessary for the successful manufacturing of UNS N09946 using LPBF. A part density of 99.9% was achieved using this method.</jats:p>\r\n                  </jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:sec>\r\n                    <jats:title>Originality/value</jats:title>\r\n                    <jats:p>This study applies an existing experimental design method to a never-before-printed material. The reduced experimental effort through this method and lessons learned from the gas atomization process can be directly applied to other materials in and outside the O&amp;G industry to further the adoption of LPBF as a serious manufacturing technology.</jats:p>\r\n                  </jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Rapid Prototyping Journal","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"158"}],"user_id":"48411","_id":"65506","page":"1-15","citation":{"ama":"Wooldridge M, Holzweissig M, Hoyer K-P, Schaper M. Response surface methodology for parameter development of alloy UNS N09946 processed with laser powder bed fusion. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>. Published online 2026:1-15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039\">10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039</a>","ieee":"M. Wooldridge, M. Holzweissig, K.-P. Hoyer, and M. Schaper, “Response surface methodology for parameter development of alloy UNS N09946 processed with laser powder bed fusion,” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, pp. 1–15, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039\">10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039</a>.","chicago":"Wooldridge, Madison, Martin Holzweissig, Kay-Peter Hoyer, and Mirko Schaper. “Response Surface Methodology for Parameter Development of Alloy UNS N09946 Processed with Laser Powder Bed Fusion.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, 2026, 1–15. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039</a>.","apa":"Wooldridge, M., Holzweissig, M., Hoyer, K.-P., &#38; Schaper, M. (2026). Response surface methodology for parameter development of alloy UNS N09946 processed with laser powder bed fusion. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, 1–15. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039</a>","short":"M. Wooldridge, M. Holzweissig, K.-P. Hoyer, M. Schaper, Rapid Prototyping Journal (2026) 1–15.","mla":"Wooldridge, Madison, et al. “Response Surface Methodology for Parameter Development of Alloy UNS N09946 Processed with Laser Powder Bed Fusion.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, Emerald, 2026, pp. 1–15, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039\">10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Wooldridge_Holzweissig_Hoyer_Schaper_2026, title={Response surface methodology for parameter development of alloy UNS N09946 processed with laser powder bed fusion}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039\">10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039</a>}, journal={Rapid Prototyping Journal}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Wooldridge, Madison and Holzweissig, Martin and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2026}, pages={1–15} }"},"year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1355-2546","1758-7670"]},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1108/rpj-01-2025-0039","title":"Response surface methodology for parameter development of alloy UNS N09946 processed with laser powder bed fusion","date_created":"2026-04-29T06:07:38Z","author":[{"last_name":"Wooldridge","full_name":"Wooldridge, Madison","first_name":"Madison"},{"full_name":"Holzweissig, Martin","last_name":"Holzweissig","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Kay-Peter","id":"48411","full_name":"Hoyer, Kay-Peter","last_name":"Hoyer"},{"last_name":"Schaper","id":"43720","full_name":"Schaper, Mirko","first_name":"Mirko"}],"publisher":"Emerald","date_updated":"2026-04-29T06:08:50Z"},{"year":"2023","issue":"6","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Experimental and finite element method investigation on the compression behaviour of FCCZ and BCC lattice structures of additively manufactured Fe-3Si samples","date_created":"2023-08-16T06:20:42Z","publisher":"Emerald","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the manufacturability of Fe-3Si lattice structures and the resulting mechanical properties. This study could lead to the successful processing of squirrel cage conductors (a lattice structure by design) of an induction motor by additive manufacturing in the future.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The compression behaviour of two lattice structures where struts are arranged in a face-centred cubic position and vertical edges (FCCZ), and struts are placed at body-centred cubic (BCC) positions, prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), is explored. The experimental investigations are supported by finite element method (FEM) simulations.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The FCCZ lattice structure presents a peak in the stress-strain curve, whereas the BCC lattice structure manifests a plateau. The vertical struts aligned along the compression direction lead to a significant increase in the load-carrying ability of FCCZ lattice structures compared to BCC lattice structures. This results in a peak in the stress-strain curve. However, the BCC lattice structure presents the bending of struts with diagonal struts carrying the major loads with struts near the faceplate receiving the least load. A high concentration of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) near the grain boundaries along cell formation is observed in the microstructure.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality/value</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on additive manufacturing of Fe-3Si lattice structures. Currently, there are no investigations in the literature on the manufacturability and mechanical properties of Fe-3Si lattice structures.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>"}],"publication":"Rapid Prototyping Journal","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering","Mechanical Engineering"],"citation":{"ama":"Pramanik S, Hoyer K-P, Schaper M. Experimental and finite element method investigation on the compression behaviour of FCCZ and BCC lattice structures of additively manufactured Fe-3Si samples. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>. 2023;29(6):1257-1269. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190\">10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190</a>","chicago":"Pramanik, Sudipta, Kay-Peter Hoyer, and Mirko Schaper. “Experimental and Finite Element Method Investigation on the Compression Behaviour of FCCZ and BCC Lattice Structures of Additively Manufactured Fe-3Si Samples.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i> 29, no. 6 (2023): 1257–69. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190</a>.","ieee":"S. Pramanik, K.-P. Hoyer, and M. Schaper, “Experimental and finite element method investigation on the compression behaviour of FCCZ and BCC lattice structures of additively manufactured Fe-3Si samples,” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1257–1269, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190\">10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190</a>.","apa":"Pramanik, S., Hoyer, K.-P., &#38; Schaper, M. (2023). Experimental and finite element method investigation on the compression behaviour of FCCZ and BCC lattice structures of additively manufactured Fe-3Si samples. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, <i>29</i>(6), 1257–1269. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190</a>","short":"S. Pramanik, K.-P. Hoyer, M. Schaper, Rapid Prototyping Journal 29 (2023) 1257–1269.","mla":"Pramanik, Sudipta, et al. “Experimental and Finite Element Method Investigation on the Compression Behaviour of FCCZ and BCC Lattice Structures of Additively Manufactured Fe-3Si Samples.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, vol. 29, no. 6, Emerald, 2023, pp. 1257–69, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190\">10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Pramanik_Hoyer_Schaper_2023, title={Experimental and finite element method investigation on the compression behaviour of FCCZ and BCC lattice structures of additively manufactured Fe-3Si samples}, volume={29}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190\">10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190</a>}, number={6}, journal={Rapid Prototyping Journal}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Pramanik, Sudipta and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2023}, pages={1257–1269} }"},"intvolume":"        29","page":"1257-1269","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1355-2546","1355-2546"]},"doi":"10.1108/rpj-06-2022-0190","author":[{"last_name":"Pramanik","full_name":"Pramanik, Sudipta","first_name":"Sudipta"},{"full_name":"Hoyer, Kay-Peter","id":"48411","last_name":"Hoyer","first_name":"Kay-Peter"},{"id":"43720","full_name":"Schaper, Mirko","last_name":"Schaper","first_name":"Mirko"}],"volume":29,"date_updated":"2023-08-16T06:29:57Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","user_id":"48411","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"158"}],"_id":"46503"},{"publisher":"Emerald","date_updated":"2023-06-01T14:35:00Z","volume":28,"author":[{"first_name":"Kai-Uwe","full_name":"Garthe, Kai-Uwe","id":"11199","orcid":"0000-0003-0741-3812","last_name":"Garthe"},{"id":"48411","full_name":"Hoyer, Kay-Peter","last_name":"Hoyer","first_name":"Kay-Peter"},{"last_name":"Hagen","full_name":"Hagen, Leif","first_name":"Leif"},{"first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Tillmann","full_name":"Tillmann, Wolfgang"},{"id":"43720","full_name":"Schaper, Mirko","last_name":"Schaper","first_name":"Mirko"}],"date_created":"2023-02-02T14:31:35Z","title":"Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior","doi":"10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1355-2546","1355-2546"]},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","issue":"5","year":"2021","page":"833-840","intvolume":"        28","citation":{"mla":"Garthe, Kai-Uwe, et al. “Correlation between Pre- and Post-Treatments of Additively Manufactured 316L Parts and the Resulting Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, vol. 28, no. 5, Emerald, 2021, pp. 833–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Garthe_Hoyer_Hagen_Tillmann_Schaper_2021, title={Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior}, volume={28}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>}, number={5}, journal={Rapid Prototyping Journal}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Garthe, Kai-Uwe and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Hagen, Leif and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2021}, pages={833–840} }","short":"K.-U. Garthe, K.-P. Hoyer, L. Hagen, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Rapid Prototyping Journal 28 (2021) 833–840.","apa":"Garthe, K.-U., Hoyer, K.-P., Hagen, L., Tillmann, W., &#38; Schaper, M. (2021). Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, <i>28</i>(5), 833–840. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>","ama":"Garthe K-U, Hoyer K-P, Hagen L, Tillmann W, Schaper M. Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>. 2021;28(5):833-840. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>","chicago":"Garthe, Kai-Uwe, Kay-Peter Hoyer, Leif Hagen, Wolfgang Tillmann, and Mirko Schaper. “Correlation between Pre- and Post-Treatments of Additively Manufactured 316L Parts and the Resulting Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i> 28, no. 5 (2021): 833–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>.","ieee":"K.-U. Garthe, K.-P. Hoyer, L. Hagen, W. Tillmann, and M. Schaper, “Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior,” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 833–840, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>."},"_id":"41507","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"158"}],"user_id":"43720","keyword":["Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering","Mechanical Engineering"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Rapid Prototyping Journal","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The currently existing restrictions regarding the deployment of additively manufactured components because of poor surface roughness, porosity and residual stresses as well as their influence on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) strength are addressed in this paper.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>This study aims to evaluating the effect of different pre- and post-treatments on the LCF strength of additively manufactured 316L parts. Therefore, 316L specimens manufactured by laser powder bed fusion were examined in their as-built state as well as after grinding, or coating with regard to the surface roughness, residual stresses and LCF strength. To differentiate between topographical effects and residual stress-related phenomena, stress-relieved 316L specimens served as a reference throughout the investigations. To enable an alumina coating of the 316L components, atmospheric plasma spraying was used, and the near-surface residual stresses and the surface roughness are measured and investigated.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The results have shown that the applied pre- and post-treatments such as stress-relief heat treatment, grinding and alumina coating have each led to an increase in LCF strength of the 316L specimens. In contrast, the non-heat-treated specimens predominantly exhibited coating delamination.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality/value</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the correlation between the LCF behavior of additively manufactured uncoated 316L specimens in comparison with additively manufactured 316L specimens with an alumina coating.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1355-2546","1355-2546"]},"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Garthe_Hoyer_Hagen_Tillmann_Schaper_2021, title={Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>}, journal={Rapid Prototyping Journal}, author={Garthe, Kai-Uwe and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Hagen, Leif and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2021} }","short":"K.-U. Garthe, K.-P. Hoyer, L. Hagen, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Rapid Prototyping Journal (2021).","mla":"Garthe, Kai-Uwe, et al. “Correlation between Pre- and Post-Treatments of Additively Manufactured 316L Parts and the Resulting Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>.","apa":"Garthe, K.-U., Hoyer, K.-P., Hagen, L., Tillmann, W., &#38; Schaper, M. (2021). Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>","ama":"Garthe K-U, Hoyer K-P, Hagen L, Tillmann W, Schaper M. Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior. <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>","ieee":"K.-U. Garthe, K.-P. Hoyer, L. Hagen, W. Tillmann, and M. Schaper, “Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior,” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>.","chicago":"Garthe, Kai-Uwe, Kay-Peter Hoyer, Leif Hagen, Wolfgang Tillmann, and Mirko Schaper. “Correlation between Pre- and Post-Treatments of Additively Manufactured 316L Parts and the Resulting Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior.” <i>Rapid Prototyping Journal</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017\">https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017</a>."},"year":"2021","date_created":"2021-11-17T10:00:23Z","author":[{"last_name":"Garthe","orcid":"0000-0003-0741-3812","full_name":"Garthe, Kai-Uwe","id":"11199","first_name":"Kai-Uwe"},{"first_name":"Kay-Peter","full_name":"Hoyer, Kay-Peter","id":"48411","last_name":"Hoyer"},{"full_name":"Hagen, Leif","last_name":"Hagen","first_name":"Leif"},{"last_name":"Tillmann","full_name":"Tillmann, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"id":"43720","full_name":"Schaper, Mirko","last_name":"Schaper","first_name":"Mirko"}],"date_updated":"2023-06-01T14:39:00Z","doi":"10.1108/rpj-01-2021-0017","title":"Correlation between pre- and post-treatments of additively manufactured 316L parts and the resulting low cycle fatigue behavior","type":"journal_article","publication":"Rapid Prototyping Journal","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The currently existing restrictions regarding the deployment of additively manufactured components because of poor surface roughness, porosity and residual stresses as well as their influence on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) strength are addressed in this paper.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>This study aims to evaluating the effect of different pre- and post-treatments on the LCF strength of additively manufactured 316L parts. Therefore, 316L specimens manufactured by laser powder bed fusion were examined in their as-built state as well as after grinding, or coating with regard to the surface roughness, residual stresses and LCF strength. To differentiate between topographical effects and residual stress-related phenomena, stress-relieved 316L specimens served as a reference throughout the investigations. To enable an alumina coating of the 316L components, atmospheric plasma spraying was used, and the near-surface residual stresses and the surface roughness are measured and investigated.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>The results have shown that the applied pre- and post-treatments such as stress-relief heat treatment, grinding and alumina coating have each led to an increase in LCF strength of the 316L specimens. In contrast, the non-heat-treated specimens predominantly exhibited coating delamination.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>\r\n<jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality/value</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the correlation between the LCF behavior of additively manufactured uncoated 316L specimens in comparison with additively manufactured 316L specimens with an alumina coating.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"43720","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"158"}],"_id":"27509","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]