---
_id: '60592'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>This study investigates the occurrence and mitigation of liquid metal
    embrittlement occurring during resistance spot welding in deep-drawn automotive
    components, specifically focusing on an S-Rail made from advanced high-strength
    steel. A simulation-based liquid metal embrittlement risk criterion based on local
    major component stresses was established and used to quantify and compare liquid
    metal embrittlement risks between different tests. Experimental and numerical
    analyses were conducted, revealing that springback significantly impacts liquid
    metal embrittlement formation. Adjustments in electrode geometry and hold time
    post-welding were found to mitigate liquid metal embrittlement risks. The effects
    of stack-up configuration and related parameter settings on liquid metal embrittlement
    occurrence were identified and liquid metal embrittlement was effectively prevented
    across both stack-up configurations. These findings advance the understanding
    of liquid metal embrittlement mechanisms and provide practical approaches to enhance
    the spot weld quality in AHSS-based body-in-whites.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Biegler, Max
  last_name: Biegler
- first_name: Keke
  full_name: Yang, Keke
  id: '65085'
  last_name: Yang
  orcid: 0000-0001-9201-9304
- first_name: Gerson
  full_name: Meschut, Gerson
  id: '32056'
  last_name: Meschut
  orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Rethmeier, Michael
  last_name: Rethmeier
citation:
  ama: Biegler M, Yang K, Meschut G, Rethmeier M. Occurrence and avoidance of liquid
    metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of springback-afflicted deep-drawn
    components. <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>. Published online
    2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452">10.1177/13621718251340452</a>
  apa: Biegler, M., Yang, K., Meschut, G., &#38; Rethmeier, M. (2025). Occurrence
    and avoidance of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of springback-afflicted
    deep-drawn components. <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452">https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Biegler_Yang_Meschut_Rethmeier_2025, title={Occurrence and avoidance
    of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of springback-afflicted
    deep-drawn components}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452">10.1177/13621718251340452</a>},
    journal={Science and Technology of Welding and Joining}, publisher={SAGE Publications},
    author={Biegler, Max and Yang, Keke and Meschut, Gerson and Rethmeier, Michael},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: Biegler, Max, Keke Yang, Gerson Meschut, and Michael Rethmeier. “Occurrence
    and Avoidance of Liquid Metal Embrittlement in Resistance Spot Welding of Springback-Afflicted
    Deep-Drawn Components.” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>,
    2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452">https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Biegler, K. Yang, G. Meschut, and M. Rethmeier, “Occurrence and avoidance
    of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of springback-afflicted
    deep-drawn components,” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>,
    2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452">10.1177/13621718251340452</a>.'
  mla: Biegler, Max, et al. “Occurrence and Avoidance of Liquid Metal Embrittlement
    in Resistance Spot Welding of Springback-Afflicted Deep-Drawn Components.” <i>Science
    and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, SAGE Publications, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13621718251340452">10.1177/13621718251340452</a>.
  short: M. Biegler, K. Yang, G. Meschut, M. Rethmeier, Science and Technology of
    Welding and Joining (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-12T22:44:20Z
date_updated: 2025-07-14T08:38:19Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '157'
doi: 10.1177/13621718251340452
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: kekeyang
  date_created: 2025-07-14T08:37:40Z
  date_updated: 2025-07-14T08:37:40Z
  file_id: '60599'
  file_name: KYA_VÖ7.pdf
  file_size: 4534008
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-14T08:37:40Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Science and Technology of Welding and Joining
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1362-1718
  - 1743-2936
publication_status: published
publisher: SAGE Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: confirmation
    url: 10.1177/13621718251340452
status: public
title: Occurrence and avoidance of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding
  of springback-afflicted deep-drawn components
type: journal_article
user_id: '65085'
year: '2025'
...