[{"oa":"1","quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-11-06T13:25:02Z","citation":{"chicago":"Böer, Nils Tobias, Christoph Schütz, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning. “How Does Practice Modulate Fake-Production Costs in a Basketball Task? Analyses of Frequency Distributions and Mixture Effects.” <i>Psychological Research</i> 89, no. 2 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.","short":"N.T. Böer, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, Psychological Research 89 (2025).","apa":"Böer, N. T., Schütz, C., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2025). How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>89</i>(2), Article 64. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>","ieee":"N. T. Böer, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 2, Art. no. 64, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6\">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.","ama":"Böer NT, Schütz C, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2025;89(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6\">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>","bibtex":"@article{Böer_Schütz_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2025, title={How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects}, volume={89}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6\">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>}, number={264}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Schütz, Christoph and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2025} }","mla":"Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “How Does Practice Modulate Fake-Production Costs in a Basketball Task? Analyses of Frequency Distributions and Mixture Effects.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 2, 64, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6\">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>."},"user_id":"52000","ddc":["150"],"volume":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"62111","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","jel":["P"],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["Sport Psychology","Sport Science","Deception","Distribution Analysis"],"department":[{"_id":"17"},{"_id":"266"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"62112","access_level":"closed","file_size":2697921,"file_name":"Böer, Schütz, Weigelt, & Güldenpenning_2025_How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task_Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects.pdf","date_updated":"2025-11-06T13:25:02Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-11-06T13:25:02Z","creator":"nboeer"}],"date_created":"2025-11-06T13:22:00Z","related_material":{"link":[{"description":"Raw Data and Statistical Analyses","url":"https://osf.io/svjtz/files","relation":"research_data"}]},"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:p>The execution of incompatible actions imposes costs on action planning, commonly known as response-response incompatibility-costs. This phenomenon is also evident in sports: A basketball player who performs a pass in one direction whilst orienting the head into the contrary direction (pass with head fake) needs more time to initiate the action as if pass direction and head orientation are the same (pass without head fake).</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The aim of this study was twofold: First, we present a re-analysis of the data from Böer et al. (Psychological Research 88:523–524, 2024) using mixture effect modelling (Miller, Behavior Research Methods 38:92–106, 2006) explore if fake-production costs manifest continuously (uniform effect) in all participants or if some participants show fake-production costs occasionally but substantially (mixed effect). Second, we collected data of a control group which was analysed with the previous data of the practice group and fitted initiation times (ITs) to an ex-Gaussian distribution.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The analysis of mixture effects revealed that most participants exhibited a uniform effect when they didn’t have time to mentally prepare the movement. This pattern was not changed by practice, suggesting fake-production costs can’t be overcome by practice alone without mental preparation time.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The analysis of mean ITs revealed improvements in the practice group but not in the control group, independent of the type of pass performed. The distribution analyses complemented these findings as it showed that the improvement in participants’ performance with increasing practice can mainly be attributed to a reduction of the exponential part of the distribution (parameter tau).</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"2","publication":"Psychological Research","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6","article_number":"64","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-11-06T13:49:44Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        89","year":"2025","title":"How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects","author":[{"first_name":"Nils Tobias","last_name":"Böer","orcid":"0000-0002-0236-7282","full_name":"Böer, Nils Tobias","id":"52000"},{"full_name":"Schütz, Christoph","last_name":"Schütz","first_name":"Christoph"},{"last_name":"Weigelt","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Weigelt, Matthias","id":"36388"},{"first_name":"Iris","orcid":"0000-0003-0549-5543","last_name":"Güldenpenning","full_name":"Güldenpenning, Iris","id":"52931"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0340-0727","1430-2772"]}},{"ddc":["150"],"user_id":"52931","_id":"56133","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","oa":"1","quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2024-09-16T06:33:43Z","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Wickemeyer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2024, title={Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2\">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Wickemeyer, Carolin and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}, year={2024} }","ama":"Wickemeyer C, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2\">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>","mla":"Wickemeyer, Carolin, et al. “Action Inhibition in a Sport-Specific Paradigm: Examining the Limits of Action Control in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2\">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>.","chicago":"Wickemeyer, Carolin, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “Action Inhibition in a Sport-Specific Paradigm: Examining the Limits of Action Control in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>.","short":"C. Wickemeyer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, Psychological Research (2024).","ieee":"C. Wickemeyer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2\">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>.","apa":"Wickemeyer, C., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2024). Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>"},"doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-16T06:35:53Z","publication_status":"published","year":"2024","title":"Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0340-0727","1430-2772"]},"author":[{"id":"94794","last_name":"Wickemeyer","first_name":"Carolin","full_name":"Wickemeyer, Carolin"},{"full_name":"Güldenpenning, Iris","first_name":"Iris","orcid":"0000-0003-0549-5543","last_name":"Güldenpenning","id":"52931"},{"id":"36388","full_name":"Weigelt, Matthias","last_name":"Weigelt","first_name":"Matthias"}],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"17"},{"_id":"266"}],"file":[{"file_id":"56134","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"s00426-024-02010-2.pdf","file_size":1337625,"access_level":"closed","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-09-16T06:33:43Z","date_created":"2024-09-16T06:33:43Z","creator":"iguelden"}],"date_created":"2024-09-16T06:32:10Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the point where inappropriate defensive movements can no longer be inhibited and to validate suitable stimulus material for constructing a basketball-specific anticipation-response-inhibition task, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants without basketball expertise (N = 25) watched a video of a basketball jump shot and were asked to release the space bar at the point when the ball leaves the player's fingertips (go-trials). In 25% of all trials, the video was stopped prematurely and participants should withhold their finger-lift response (stop-trials). A staircase-tracking algorithm was used to adjust the point-in-time when the jump shot was stopped in a way that participants’ inhibition rate was at 50% (reflecting the so called “point-of-no-return”, PNR). In Experiment 2, the stimulus material was adapted so that stop-trials simulated a pump fake. The PNR in Experiment 1 was located 187 ms and in Experiment 2 177 ms before the point of ball release. Precision performance benefit from practice across blocks and participants delayed their responses after stop-trials in a subsequent go-trial, which reflects strategic post-stop-trial adjustments. Based on the comparable results of previous studies, the given stimulus material is suitable for investigating response inhibition skills in dynamic sport-specific environments.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Psychological Research"},{"page":"523-534","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"48484","ddc":["150","796"],"user_id":"52000","volume":88,"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-11-06T13:32:52Z","citation":{"short":"N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, C. Schütz, I. Güldenpenning, Psychological Research 88 (2024) 523–534.","chicago":"Böer, Nils Tobias, Matthias Weigelt, Christoph Schütz, and Iris Güldenpenning. “Practice Reduces the Costs of Producing Head Fakes in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i> 88 (2024): 523–34. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.","ieee":"N. T. Böer, M. Weigelt, C. Schütz, and I. Güldenpenning, “Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 88, pp. 523–534, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x\">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.","apa":"Böer, N. T., Weigelt, M., Schütz, C., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2024). Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>88</i>, 523–534. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>","bibtex":"@article{Böer_Weigelt_Schütz_Güldenpenning_2024, title={Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball}, volume={88}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x\">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias and Schütz, Christoph and Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2024}, pages={523–534} }","ama":"Böer NT, Weigelt M, Schütz C, Güldenpenning I. Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2024;88:523-534. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x\">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>","mla":"Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Practice Reduces the Costs of Producing Head Fakes in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 88, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, pp. 523–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x\">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x","title":"Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball","year":"2024","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0340-0727","1430-2772"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Böer, Nils Tobias","first_name":"Nils Tobias","orcid":"0000-0002-0236-7282","last_name":"Böer","id":"52000"},{"id":"36388","full_name":"Weigelt, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Weigelt"},{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Schütz","full_name":"Schütz, Christoph"},{"id":"52931","full_name":"Güldenpenning, Iris","last_name":"Güldenpenning","first_name":"Iris","orcid":"0000-0003-0549-5543"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-03T11:16:46Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        88","article_type":"original","file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"62114","access_level":"closed","file_size":898697,"file_name":"Böer, Weigelt, Schütz, & Güldenpenning_2024_Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball.pdf","date_updated":"2025-11-06T13:32:52Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-11-06T13:32:52Z","creator":"nboeer"}],"date_created":"2023-10-26T09:57:43Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)","Developmental and Educational Psychology","Experimental and Cognitive Psychology","General Medicine"],"department":[{"_id":"17"},{"_id":"266"}],"publication":"Psychological Research","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://osf.io/svjtz/files","relation":"research_data"}]},"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Previous research indicates that performing passes with a head fake in basketball leads to increased response initiation times and errors as compared to performing a pass without a head fake. These so-called fake production costs only occurred when not given the time to mentally prepare the deceptive movement. In the current study, we investigated if extensive practice could reduce the cognitive costs of producing a pass with head fake. Twenty-four basketball novices participated in an experiment on five consecutive days. A visual cue prompted participants to play a pass with or without a head fake either to the left or right side. The cued action had to be executed after an interstimulus interval (ISI) of either 0 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms or 1200 ms, allowing for different movement preparation times. Results indicated higher response initiation times (ITs) and error rates (ERs) for passes with head fakes for the short preparation intervals (ISI 0 ms and 400 ms) on the first day but no difference for the longer preparation intervals (ISI 800 ms and 1200 ms). After only one day of practice, participants showed reduced fake production costs (for ISI 0 ms) and were even able to eliminate these cognitive costs when given time to mentally prepare the movement (for ISI 400 ms). Accordingly, physical practice can reduce the cognitive costs associated with head-fake generation. This finding is discussed against the background of the strengthening of stimulus response associations.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}]},{"status":"public","volume":87,"user_id":"668","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"48714","page":"2259-2274","citation":{"short":"S.F. Dahm, H. Hyna, D. Krause, Psychological Research 87 (2023) 2259–2274.","chicago":"Dahm, Stephan F., Henri Hyna, and Daniel Krause. “Imagine to Automatize: Automatization of Stimulus–Response Coupling after Action Imagery Practice in Implicit Sequence Learning.” <i>Psychological Research</i> 87, no. 7 (2023): 2259–74. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>.","ieee":"S. F. Dahm, H. Hyna, and D. Krause, “Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 2259–2274, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w\">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>.","apa":"Dahm, S. F., Hyna, H., &#38; Krause, D. (2023). Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>87</i>(7), 2259–2274. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>","bibtex":"@article{Dahm_Hyna_Krause_2023, title={Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning}, volume={87}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w\">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>}, number={7}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Dahm, Stephan F. and Hyna, Henri and Krause, Daniel}, year={2023}, pages={2259–2274} }","ama":"Dahm SF, Hyna H, Krause D. Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2023;87(7):2259-2274. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w\">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>","mla":"Dahm, Stephan F., et al. “Imagine to Automatize: Automatization of Stimulus–Response Coupling after Action Imagery Practice in Implicit Sequence Learning.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 87, no. 7, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, pp. 2259–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w\">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>."},"intvolume":"        87","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-11-08T21:10:14Z","author":[{"first_name":"Stephan F.","last_name":"Dahm","full_name":"Dahm, Stephan F."},{"first_name":"Henri","last_name":"Hyna","full_name":"Hyna, Henri"},{"full_name":"Krause, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-885X","last_name":"Krause","id":"668"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0340-0727","1430-2772"]},"year":"2023","title":"Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning","doi":"10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Action imagery practice (AIP) describes the repetitive imagination of an action to improve subsequent action execution. Because AIP and action execution practice (AEP) draw on partly similar motor mechanisms, it was assumed that AIP may lead to motor automatization, which is observable in a reduction of dual-task costs after AEP. To investigate automatization in AIP, we compared dual-task and single-task performance in practice and random sequences in pretests and posttests. All participants practiced serial reactions to visual stimuli in ten single-task practice sessions. An AIP group imagined the reactions. An AEP group and a control practice group executed the reactions. Practice followed a sequential sequence in AIP and AEP but was random in control practice. In dual-task test conditions, tones were counted that appeared in addition to the visual stimuli. RTs decreased from pretest to posttest in both practice and random sequences in all groups indicating general sequence-unspecific learning. Further, RTs decreased to a greater extent in the practice sequence than in the random sequence after AIP and AEP, indicating sequence-specific learning. Dual-task costs—the difference between RTs after tone and no tone events—were reduced independent from the performed sequence in all groups indicating sequence-unspecific automatization. It is concluded that the stimulus–response coupling can be automatized by both, AEP and AIP.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Psychological Research","issue":"7","keyword":["Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)","Developmental and Educational Psychology","Experimental and Cognitive Psychology","General Medicine"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-11-08T20:35:43Z"},{"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-01-02T09:15:50Z","author":[{"last_name":"Krüger","first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Krüger, Alexander"},{"id":"451","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","first_name":"Ingrid","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0340-0727","1430-2772"]},"title":"The time course of salience: not entirely caused by salience","status":"public","year":"2021","user_id":"42165","doi":"10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6","_id":"28686","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"funded_apc":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Visual salience is a key component of attentional selection, the process that guards the scarce resources needed for conscious recognition and perception. In previous works, we proposed a measure of visual salience based on a formal theory of visual selection. However, the strength of visual salience depends on the time course as well as local physical contrasts. Evidence from multiple experimental designs in the literature suggests that the strength of salience rises initially and declines after approximately 150 ms. The present article amends the theory-based salience measure beyond local physical contrasts to the time course of salience. It does so through a first experiment which reveals that—contrary to expectations—salience is not reduced during the first 150 ms after onset. Instead, the overall visual processing capacity is severely reduced, which corresponds to a reduced processing speed of all stimuli in the visual field. A second experiment confirms this conclusion by replicating the result. We argue that the slower stimulus processing may have been overlooked previously because the attentional selection mechanism had not yet been modeled in studies on the time course of salience."}],"citation":{"mla":"Krüger, Alexander, and Ingrid Scharlau. “The Time Course of Salience: Not Entirely Caused by Salience.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6\">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Krüger_Scharlau_2021, title={The time course of salience: not entirely caused by salience}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6\">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>}, journal={Psychological Research}, author={Krüger, Alexander and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2021} }","ama":"Krüger A, Scharlau I. The time course of salience: not entirely caused by salience. <i>Psychological Research</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6\">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>","ieee":"A. Krüger and I. Scharlau, “The time course of salience: not entirely caused by salience,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6\">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>.","apa":"Krüger, A., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2021). The time course of salience: not entirely caused by salience. <i>Psychological Research</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>","short":"A. Krüger, I. Scharlau, Psychological Research (2021).","chicago":"Krüger, Alexander, and Ingrid Scharlau. “The Time Course of Salience: Not Entirely Caused by Salience.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>."},"publication":"Psychological Research","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2021-12-13T09:45:04Z"},{"doi":"10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-09-06T15:29:23Z","intvolume":"        84","year":"2020","title":"Is the head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0340-0727","1430-2772"]},"author":[{"id":"52931","last_name":"Güldenpenning","first_name":"Iris","full_name":"Güldenpenning, Iris"},{"last_name":"Schütz","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Schütz, Christoph"},{"last_name":"Weigelt","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Weigelt, Matthias","id":"36388"},{"full_name":"Kunde, Wilfried","last_name":"Kunde","first_name":"Wilfried"}],"keyword":["Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)","Developmental and Educational Psychology","Experimental and Cognitive Psychology","General Medicine"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"266"},{"_id":"17"}],"date_created":"2023-01-21T13:34:03Z","abstract":[{"text":"Reactions to the pass of a basketball player performing a head fake are typically slower than reactions to a basketball player who passes without a head fake (i.e., head-fake effect). The present study shows that extensive practice reduces the head-fake effect in basketball. Additional analyses were conducted to explore the mechanism behind the reduced head-fake effect. First, we analyzed whether or not participants developed some control over the processing of irrelevant gaze direction, as indicated by specific trial-to-trial adaptations (i.e., congruency sequence effect). Second, we fitted the individual frequency distributions of RTs to ex-Gaussian distributions, to evaluate if practice specifically affects the Gaussian part of the distribution or the exponential part of the distribution. Third, we modeled individual RT distributions as the so-called mixture effects to examine whether the way irrelevant gaze direction impacts performance (either occasionally but massively or continuously but moderately) changes with practice. The analyses revealed that the effect of practice could not be explained with an increasing congruency-sequence effect. Also, it could not be found in the ex-Gaussian distributional analyses. The assumption that residual failure to inhibit the processing of the gaze direction in contrast to continuous failures to do so might favor mixed effects over uniform effects at later courses of practice could not be validated. The reduced head-fake effect thus is argued to source in participants’ general increasing ability to inhibit the processing of the task-irrelevant gaze direction information and/or in a priority shift of gaze processing to a processing of the pass direction.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Psychological Research","user_id":"80673","volume":84,"page":"823-833","_id":"37829","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"apa":"Güldenpenning, I., Schütz, C., Weigelt, M., &#38; Kunde, W. (2020). Is the head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>84</i>, 823–833. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>","mla":"Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Is the Head-Fake Effect in Basketball Robust against Practice? Analyses of Trial-by-Trial Adaptations, Frequency Distributions, and Mixture Effects to Evaluate Effects of Practice.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 84, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020, pp. 823–33, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4\">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>.","ieee":"I. Güldenpenning, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, and W. Kunde, “Is the head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 84, pp. 823–833, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4\">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>.","ama":"Güldenpenning I, Schütz C, Weigelt M, Kunde W. Is the head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2020;84:823-833. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4\">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>","short":"I. Güldenpenning, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, W. Kunde, Psychological Research 84 (2020) 823–833.","chicago":"Güldenpenning, Iris, Christoph Schütz, Matthias Weigelt, and Wilfried Kunde. “Is the Head-Fake Effect in Basketball Robust against Practice? Analyses of Trial-by-Trial Adaptations, Frequency Distributions, and Mixture Effects to Evaluate Effects of Practice.” <i>Psychological Research</i> 84 (2020): 823–33. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Güldenpenning_Schütz_Weigelt_Kunde_2020, title={Is the head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice}, volume={84}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4\">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Schütz, Christoph and Weigelt, Matthias and Kunde, Wilfried}, year={2020}, pages={823–833} }"}}]