---
_id: '62111'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:p>The execution of incompatible
    actions imposes costs on action planning, commonly known as response-response
    incompatibility-costs. This phenomenon is also evident in sports: A basketball
    player who performs a pass in one direction whilst orienting the head into the
    contrary direction (pass with head fake) needs more time to initiate the action
    as if pass direction and head orientation are the same (pass without head fake).</jats:p>\r\n
    \         <jats:p>The aim of this study was twofold: First, we present a re-analysis
    of the data from Böer et al. (Psychological Research 88:523–524, 2024) using mixture
    effect modelling (Miller, Behavior Research Methods 38:92–106, 2006) explore if
    fake-production costs manifest continuously (uniform effect) in all participants
    or if some participants show fake-production costs occasionally but substantially
    (mixed effect). Second, we collected data of a control group which was analysed
    with the previous data of the practice group and fitted initiation times (ITs)
    to an ex-Gaussian distribution.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The analysis of
    mixture effects revealed that most participants exhibited a uniform effect when
    they didn’t have time to mentally prepare the movement. This pattern was not changed
    by practice, suggesting fake-production costs can’t be overcome by practice alone
    without mental preparation time.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The analysis of
    mean ITs revealed improvements in the practice group but not in the control group,
    independent of the type of pass performed. The distribution analyses complemented
    these findings as it showed that the improvement in participants’ performance
    with increasing practice can mainly be attributed to a reduction of the exponential
    part of the distribution (parameter tau).</jats:p>"
article_number: '64'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Schütz, Christoph
  last_name: Schütz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: Böer NT, Schütz C, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. How does practice modulate fake-production
    costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects.
    <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2025;89(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>
  apa: Böer, N. T., Schütz, C., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2025). How does
    practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency
    distributions and mixture effects. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>89</i>(2),
    Article 64. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Böer_Schütz_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2025, title={How does practice
    modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions
    and mixture effects}, volume={89}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>},
    number={264}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Schütz, Christoph and Weigelt,
    Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Christoph Schütz, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “How Does Practice Modulate Fake-Production Costs in a Basketball Task? Analyses
    of Frequency Distributions and Mixture Effects.” <i>Psychological Research</i>
    89, no. 2 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “How does practice
    modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions
    and mixture effects,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 2, Art. no.
    64, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.'
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “How Does Practice Modulate Fake-Production Costs
    in a Basketball Task? Analyses of Frequency Distributions and Mixture Effects.”
    <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 2, 64, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.
  short: N.T. Böer, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, Psychological Research
    89 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-06T13:22:00Z
date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:49:44Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2025-11-06T13:25:02Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:25:02Z
  file_id: '62112'
  file_name: Böer, Schütz, Weigelt, & Güldenpenning_2025_How does practice modulate
    fake-production costs in a basketball task_Analyses of frequency distributions
    and mixture effects.pdf
  file_size: 2697921
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:25:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        89'
issue: '2'
jel:
- P
keyword:
- Sport Psychology
- Sport Science
- Deception
- Distribution Analysis
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6
oa: '1'
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: Raw Data and Statistical Analyses
    relation: research_data
    url: https://osf.io/svjtz/files
status: public
title: How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses
  of frequency distributions and mixture effects
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 89
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '56133'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the point where inappropriate
    defensive movements can no longer be inhibited and to validate suitable stimulus
    material for constructing a basketball-specific anticipation-response-inhibition
    task, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants without basketball
    expertise (N = 25) watched a video of a basketball jump shot and were asked to
    release the space bar at the point when the ball leaves the player's fingertips
    (go-trials). In 25% of all trials, the video was stopped prematurely and participants
    should withhold their finger-lift response (stop-trials). A staircase-tracking
    algorithm was used to adjust the point-in-time when the jump shot was stopped
    in a way that participants’ inhibition rate was at 50% (reflecting the so called
    “point-of-no-return”, PNR). In Experiment 2, the stimulus material was adapted
    so that stop-trials simulated a pump fake. The PNR in Experiment 1 was located
    187 ms and in Experiment 2 177 ms before the point of ball release. Precision
    performance benefit from practice across blocks and participants delayed their
    responses after stop-trials in a subsequent go-trial, which reflects strategic
    post-stop-trial adjustments. Based on the comparable results of previous studies,
    the given stimulus material is suitable for investigating response inhibition
    skills in dynamic sport-specific environments.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Carolin
  full_name: Wickemeyer, Carolin
  id: '94794'
  last_name: Wickemeyer
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Wickemeyer C, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. Action inhibition in a sport-specific
    paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball. <i>Psychological
    Research</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>'
  apa: 'Wickemeyer, C., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2024). Action inhibition
    in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball.
    <i>Psychological Research</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Wickemeyer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2024, title={Action inhibition
    in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>},
    journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC}, author={Wickemeyer, Carolin and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias},
    year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Wickemeyer, Carolin, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “Action
    Inhibition in a Sport-Specific Paradigm: Examining the Limits of Action Control
    in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Wickemeyer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “Action inhibition in a
    sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball,”
    <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>.'
  mla: 'Wickemeyer, Carolin, et al. “Action Inhibition in a Sport-Specific Paradigm:
    Examining the Limits of Action Control in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2">10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2</a>.'
  short: C. Wickemeyer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, Psychological Research (2024).
date_created: 2024-09-16T06:32:10Z
date_updated: 2024-09-16T06:35:53Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: iguelden
  date_created: 2024-09-16T06:33:43Z
  date_updated: 2024-09-16T06:33:43Z
  file_id: '56134'
  file_name: s00426-024-02010-2.pdf
  file_size: 1337625
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-09-16T06:33:43Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-024-02010-2
oa: '1'
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action
  control in basketball'
type: journal_article
user_id: '52931'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '48484'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Previous research indicates that
    performing passes with a head fake in basketball leads to increased response initiation
    times and errors as compared to performing a pass without a head fake. These so-called
    fake production costs only occurred when not given the time to mentally prepare
    the deceptive movement. In the current study, we investigated if extensive practice
    could reduce the cognitive costs of producing a pass with head fake. Twenty-four
    basketball novices participated in an experiment on five consecutive days. A visual
    cue prompted participants to play a pass with or without a head fake either to
    the left or right side. The cued action had to be executed after an interstimulus
    interval (ISI) of either 0 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms or 1200 ms, allowing for different
    movement preparation times. Results indicated higher response initiation times
    (ITs) and error rates (ERs) for passes with head fakes for the short preparation
    intervals (ISI 0 ms and 400 ms) on the first day but no difference for the longer
    preparation intervals (ISI 800 ms and 1200 ms). After only one day of practice,
    participants showed reduced fake production costs (for ISI 0 ms) and were even
    able to eliminate these cognitive costs when given time to mentally prepare the
    movement (for ISI 400 ms). Accordingly, physical practice can reduce the cognitive
    costs associated with head-fake generation. This finding is discussed against
    the background of the strengthening of stimulus response associations.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Schütz, Christoph
  last_name: Schütz
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: Böer NT, Weigelt M, Schütz C, Güldenpenning I. Practice reduces the costs of
    producing head fakes in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2024;88:523-534.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>
  apa: Böer, N. T., Weigelt, M., Schütz, C., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2024). Practice
    reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    <i>88</i>, 523–534. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Böer_Weigelt_Schütz_Güldenpenning_2024, title={Practice reduces
    the costs of producing head fakes in basketball}, volume={88}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>},
    journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias and Schütz, Christoph and
    Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2024}, pages={523–534} }'
  chicago: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, Matthias Weigelt, Christoph Schütz, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “Practice Reduces the Costs of Producing Head Fakes in Basketball.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i> 88 (2024): 523–34. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, M. Weigelt, C. Schütz, and I. Güldenpenning, “Practice reduces
    the costs of producing head fakes in basketball,” <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    vol. 88, pp. 523–534, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.'
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Practice Reduces the Costs of Producing Head Fakes
    in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 88, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2024, pp. 523–34, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.
  short: N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, C. Schütz, I. Güldenpenning, Psychological Research
    88 (2024) 523–534.
date_created: 2023-10-26T09:57:43Z
date_updated: 2026-05-03T11:16:46Z
ddc:
- '150'
- '796'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2025-11-06T13:32:52Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:32:52Z
  file_id: '62114'
  file_name: Böer, Weigelt, Schütz, & Güldenpenning_2024_Practice reduces the costs
    of producing head fakes in basketball.pdf
  file_size: 898697
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:32:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        88'
keyword:
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x
oa: '1'
page: 523-534
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: research_data
    url: https://osf.io/svjtz/files
status: public
title: Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 88
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '48714'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Action imagery practice (AIP) describes
    the repetitive imagination of an action to improve subsequent action execution.
    Because AIP and action execution practice (AEP) draw on partly similar motor mechanisms,
    it was assumed that AIP may lead to motor automatization, which is observable
    in a reduction of dual-task costs after AEP. To investigate automatization in
    AIP, we compared dual-task and single-task performance in practice and random
    sequences in pretests and posttests. All participants practiced serial reactions
    to visual stimuli in ten single-task practice sessions. An AIP group imagined
    the reactions. An AEP group and a control practice group executed the reactions.
    Practice followed a sequential sequence in AIP and AEP but was random in control
    practice. In dual-task test conditions, tones were counted that appeared in addition
    to the visual stimuli. RTs decreased from pretest to posttest in both practice
    and random sequences in all groups indicating general sequence-unspecific learning.
    Further, RTs decreased to a greater extent in the practice sequence than in the
    random sequence after AIP and AEP, indicating sequence-specific learning. Dual-task
    costs—the difference between RTs after tone and no tone events—were reduced independent
    from the performed sequence in all groups indicating sequence-unspecific automatization.
    It is concluded that the stimulus–response coupling can be automatized by both,
    AEP and AIP.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Stephan F.
  full_name: Dahm, Stephan F.
  last_name: Dahm
- first_name: Henri
  full_name: Hyna, Henri
  last_name: Hyna
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Krause, Daniel
  id: '668'
  last_name: Krause
  orcid: orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-885X
citation:
  ama: 'Dahm SF, Hyna H, Krause D. Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response
    coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning. <i>Psychological
    Research</i>. 2023;87(7):2259-2274. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>'
  apa: 'Dahm, S. F., Hyna, H., &#38; Krause, D. (2023). Imagine to automatize: automatization
    of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence
    learning. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>87</i>(7), 2259–2274. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Dahm_Hyna_Krause_2023, title={Imagine to automatize: automatization
    of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence
    learning}, volume={87}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>},
    number={7}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Dahm, Stephan F. and Hyna, Henri and Krause, Daniel},
    year={2023}, pages={2259–2274} }'
  chicago: 'Dahm, Stephan F., Henri Hyna, and Daniel Krause. “Imagine to Automatize:
    Automatization of Stimulus–Response Coupling after Action Imagery Practice in
    Implicit Sequence Learning.” <i>Psychological Research</i> 87, no. 7 (2023): 2259–74.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. F. Dahm, H. Hyna, and D. Krause, “Imagine to automatize: automatization
    of stimulus–response coupling after action imagery practice in implicit sequence
    learning,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 2259–2274, 2023,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>.'
  mla: 'Dahm, Stephan F., et al. “Imagine to Automatize: Automatization of Stimulus–Response
    Coupling after Action Imagery Practice in Implicit Sequence Learning.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i>, vol. 87, no. 7, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, pp.
    2259–74, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w">10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w</a>.'
  short: S.F. Dahm, H. Hyna, D. Krause, Psychological Research 87 (2023) 2259–2274.
date_created: 2023-11-08T20:35:43Z
date_updated: 2023-11-08T21:10:14Z
doi: 10.1007/s00426-023-01797-w
intvolume: '        87'
issue: '7'
keyword:
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
page: 2259-2274
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'Imagine to automatize: automatization of stimulus–response coupling after
  action imagery practice in implicit sequence learning'
type: journal_article
user_id: '668'
volume: 87
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '28686'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Visual salience is a key component of attentional selection, the process that
    guards the scarce resources needed for conscious recognition and perception. In
    previous works, we proposed a measure of visual salience based on a formal theory
    of visual selection. However, the strength of visual salience depends on the time
    course as well as local physical contrasts. Evidence from multiple experimental
    designs in the literature suggests that the strength of salience rises initially
    and declines after approximately 150 ms. The present article amends the theory-based
    salience measure beyond local physical contrasts to the time course of salience.
    It does so through a first experiment which reveals that—contrary to expectations—salience
    is not reduced during the first 150 ms after onset. Instead, the overall visual
    processing capacity is severely reduced, which corresponds to a reduced processing
    speed of all stimuli in the visual field. A second experiment confirms this conclusion
    by replicating the result. We argue that the slower stimulus processing may have
    been overlooked previously because the attentional selection mechanism had not
    yet been modeled in studies on the time course of salience.
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Krüger, Alexander
  last_name: Krüger
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
  ama: 'Krüger A, Scharlau I. The time course of salience: not entirely caused by
    salience. <i>Psychological Research</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>'
  apa: 'Krüger, A., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2021). The time course of salience: not entirely
    caused by salience. <i>Psychological Research</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Krüger_Scharlau_2021, title={The time course of salience: not
    entirely caused by salience}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>},
    journal={Psychological Research}, author={Krüger, Alexander and Scharlau, Ingrid},
    year={2021} }'
  chicago: 'Krüger, Alexander, and Ingrid Scharlau. “The Time Course of Salience:
    Not Entirely Caused by Salience.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Krüger and I. Scharlau, “The time course of salience: not entirely caused
    by salience,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>.'
  mla: 'Krüger, Alexander, and Ingrid Scharlau. “The Time Course of Salience: Not
    Entirely Caused by Salience.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6">10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6</a>.'
  short: A. Krüger, I. Scharlau, Psychological Research (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-13T09:45:04Z
date_updated: 2023-01-02T09:15:50Z
department:
- _id: '424'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-020-01470-6
funded_apc: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'The time course of salience: not entirely caused by salience'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '37829'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Reactions to the pass of a basketball player performing a head fake are typically
    slower than reactions to a basketball player who passes without a head fake (i.e.,
    head-fake effect). The present study shows that extensive practice reduces the
    head-fake effect in basketball. Additional analyses were conducted to explore
    the mechanism behind the reduced head-fake effect. First, we analyzed whether
    or not participants developed some control over the processing of irrelevant gaze
    direction, as indicated by specific trial-to-trial adaptations (i.e., congruency
    sequence effect). Second, we fitted the individual frequency distributions of
    RTs to ex-Gaussian distributions, to evaluate if practice specifically affects
    the Gaussian part of the distribution or the exponential part of the distribution.
    Third, we modeled individual RT distributions as the so-called mixture effects
    to examine whether the way irrelevant gaze direction impacts performance (either
    occasionally but massively or continuously but moderately) changes with practice.
    The analyses revealed that the effect of practice could not be explained with
    an increasing congruency-sequence effect. Also, it could not be found in the ex-Gaussian
    distributional analyses. The assumption that residual failure to inhibit the processing
    of the gaze direction in contrast to continuous failures to do so might favor
    mixed effects over uniform effects at later courses of practice could not be validated.
    The reduced head-fake effect thus is argued to source in participants’ general
    increasing ability to inhibit the processing of the task-irrelevant gaze direction
    information and/or in a priority shift of gaze processing to a processing of the
    pass direction.
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Schütz, Christoph
  last_name: Schütz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Wilfried
  full_name: Kunde, Wilfried
  last_name: Kunde
citation:
  ama: Güldenpenning I, Schütz C, Weigelt M, Kunde W. Is the head-fake effect in basketball
    robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions,
    and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice. <i>Psychological Research</i>.
    2020;84:823-833. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>
  apa: Güldenpenning, I., Schütz, C., Weigelt, M., &#38; Kunde, W. (2020). Is the
    head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial
    adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects
    of practice. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>84</i>, 823–833. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Güldenpenning_Schütz_Weigelt_Kunde_2020, title={Is the head-fake
    effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations,
    frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice},
    volume={84}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>},
    journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Schütz, Christoph and Weigelt, Matthias
    and Kunde, Wilfried}, year={2020}, pages={823–833} }'
  chicago: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, Christoph Schütz, Matthias Weigelt, and Wilfried
    Kunde. “Is the Head-Fake Effect in Basketball Robust against Practice? Analyses
    of Trial-by-Trial Adaptations, Frequency Distributions, and Mixture Effects to
    Evaluate Effects of Practice.” <i>Psychological Research</i> 84 (2020): 823–33.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, and W. Kunde, “Is the head-fake
    effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of trial-by-trial adaptations,
    frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate effects of practice,”
    <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 84, pp. 823–833, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>.'
  mla: Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Is the Head-Fake Effect in Basketball Robust against
    Practice? Analyses of Trial-by-Trial Adaptations, Frequency Distributions, and
    Mixture Effects to Evaluate Effects of Practice.” <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    vol. 84, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020, pp. 823–33, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4">10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4</a>.
  short: I. Güldenpenning, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, W. Kunde, Psychological Research
    84 (2020) 823–833.
date_created: 2023-01-21T13:34:03Z
date_updated: 2023-09-06T15:29:23Z
department:
- _id: '266'
- _id: '17'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4
intvolume: '        84'
keyword:
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-018-1078-4
page: 823-833
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Is the head-fake effect in basketball robust against practice? Analyses of
  trial-by-trial adaptations, frequency distributions, and mixture effects to evaluate
  effects of practice
type: journal_article
user_id: '80673'
volume: 84
year: '2020'
...
