---
_id: '23675'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The application of artificial intelligence
    (AI) in hospitals yields many advantages but also confronts healthcare with ethical
    questions and challenges. While various disciplines have conducted specific research
    on the ethical considerations of AI in hospitals, the literature still requires
    a holistic overview. By conducting a systematic discourse approach highlighted
    by expert interviews with healthcare specialists, we identified the status quo
    of interdisciplinary research in academia on ethical considerations and dimensions
    of AI in hospitals. We found 15 fundamental manuscripts by constructing a citation
    network for the ethical discourse, and we extracted actionable principles and
    their relationships. We provide an agenda to guide academia, framed under the
    principles of biomedical ethics. We provide an understanding of the current ethical
    discourse of AI in clinical environments, identify where further research is pressingly
    needed, and discuss additional research questions that should be addressed. We
    also guide practitioners to acknowledge AI-related benefits in hospitals and to
    understand the related ethical concerns.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Milad
  full_name: Mirbabaie, Milad
  id: '88691'
  last_name: Mirbabaie
- first_name: Lennart
  full_name: Hofeditz, Lennart
  last_name: Hofeditz
- first_name: Nicholas R. J.
  full_name: Frick, Nicholas R. J.
  last_name: Frick
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Stieglitz, Stefan
  last_name: Stieglitz
citation:
  ama: 'Mirbabaie M, Hofeditz L, Frick NRJ, Stieglitz S. Artificial intelligence in
    hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations in academia to guide
    future research. <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>. 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4">10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4</a>'
  apa: 'Mirbabaie, M., Hofeditz, L., Frick, N. R. J., &#38; Stieglitz, S. (2021).
    Artificial intelligence in hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations
    in academia to guide future research. <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Mirbabaie_Hofeditz_Frick_Stieglitz_2021, title={Artificial intelligence
    in hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations in academia to
    guide future research}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4">10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4</a>},
    journal={AI &#38; SOCIETY}, author={Mirbabaie, Milad and Hofeditz, Lennart and
    Frick, Nicholas R. J. and Stieglitz, Stefan}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: 'Mirbabaie, Milad, Lennart Hofeditz, Nicholas R. J. Frick, and Stefan Stieglitz.
    “Artificial Intelligence in Hospitals: Providing a Status Quo of Ethical Considerations
    in Academia to Guide Future Research.” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Mirbabaie, L. Hofeditz, N. R. J. Frick, and S. Stieglitz, “Artificial
    intelligence in hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations in
    academia to guide future research,” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, 2021.'
  mla: 'Mirbabaie, Milad, et al. “Artificial Intelligence in Hospitals: Providing
    a Status Quo of Ethical Considerations in Academia to Guide Future Research.”
    <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4">10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4</a>.'
  short: M. Mirbabaie, L. Hofeditz, N.R.J. Frick, S. Stieglitz, AI &#38; SOCIETY (2021).
date_created: 2021-09-02T08:03:50Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:55:58Z
department:
- _id: '646'
doi: 10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4
language:
- iso: eng
publication: AI & SOCIETY
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0951-5666
  - 1435-5655
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Artificial intelligence in hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations
  in academia to guide future research'
type: journal_article
user_id: '88831'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '42677'
author:
- first_name: Nils
  full_name: Klowait, Nils
  id: '98454'
  last_name: Klowait
  orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
citation:
  ama: 'Klowait N. The quest for appropriate models of human-likeness: anthropomorphism
    in media equation research. <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>. 2017;33(4):527-536. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z">10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z</a>'
  apa: 'Klowait, N. (2017). The quest for appropriate models of human-likeness: anthropomorphism
    in media equation research. <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, <i>33</i>(4), 527–536. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Klowait_2017, title={The quest for appropriate models of human-likeness:
    anthropomorphism in media equation research}, volume={33}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z">10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z</a>},
    number={4}, journal={AI &#38; SOCIETY}, publisher={Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC}, author={Klowait, Nils}, year={2017}, pages={527–536} }'
  chicago: 'Klowait, Nils. “The Quest for Appropriate Models of Human-Likeness: Anthropomorphism
    in Media Equation Research.” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i> 33, no. 4 (2017): 527–36.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. Klowait, “The quest for appropriate models of human-likeness: anthropomorphism
    in media equation research,” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 527–536,
    2017, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z">10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z</a>.'
  mla: 'Klowait, Nils. “The Quest for Appropriate Models of Human-Likeness: Anthropomorphism
    in Media Equation Research.” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, vol. 33, no. 4, Springer
    Science and Business Media LLC, 2017, pp. 527–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z">10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z</a>.'
  short: N. Klowait, AI &#38; SOCIETY 33 (2017) 527–536.
date_created: 2023-03-02T15:44:09Z
date_updated: 2023-10-05T12:01:38Z
doi: 10.1007/s00146-017-0746-z
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        33'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Artificial Intelligence
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Philosophy
language:
- iso: eng
page: 527-536
publication: AI & SOCIETY
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0951-5666
  - 1435-5655
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'The quest for appropriate models of human-likeness: anthropomorphism in media
  equation research'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 33
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '28146'
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Matzner, Tobias
  id: '65695'
  last_name: Matzner
citation:
  ama: 'Matzner T. The model gap: cognitive systems in security applications and their
    ethical implications. <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>. 2013;31(1):95-102. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4</a>'
  apa: 'Matzner, T. (2013). The model gap: cognitive systems in security applications
    and their ethical implications. <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, <i>31</i>(1), 95–102.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Matzner_2013, title={The model gap: cognitive systems in security
    applications and their ethical implications}, volume={31}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4</a>},
    number={1}, journal={AI &#38; SOCIETY}, author={Matzner, Tobias}, year={2013},
    pages={95–102} }'
  chicago: 'Matzner, Tobias. “The Model Gap: Cognitive Systems in Security Applications
    and Their Ethical Implications.” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i> 31, no. 1 (2013): 95–102.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. Matzner, “The model gap: cognitive systems in security applications and
    their ethical implications,” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 95–102,
    2013, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4</a>.'
  mla: 'Matzner, Tobias. “The Model Gap: Cognitive Systems in Security Applications
    and Their Ethical Implications.” <i>AI &#38; SOCIETY</i>, vol. 31, no. 1, 2013,
    pp. 95–102, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4</a>.'
  short: T. Matzner, AI &#38; SOCIETY 31 (2013) 95–102.
date_created: 2021-11-30T16:24:04Z
date_updated: 2023-03-17T10:20:17Z
department:
- _id: '757'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        31'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0525-4
oa: '1'
page: 95-102
publication: AI & SOCIETY
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0951-5666
  - 1435-5655
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'The model gap: cognitive systems in security applications and their ethical
  implications'
type: journal_article
user_id: '49063'
volume: 31
year: '2013'
...