TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose Protein-rich foods show heterogeneous associations with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and it remains unclear whether habitual protein intake is related to T2D risk. We carried out an umbrella review of systematic reviews (SR) of randomised trials and/or cohort studies on protein intake in relation to risks of T2D. Methods Following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395), we retrieved SRs on protein intake and T2D risk published between July 1st 2009 and May 22nd 2022, and assessed the methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of the evidence using a modified version of AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was rated according to predefined criteria. Results Eight SRs were identified of which six contained meta-analyses. The majority of SRs on total protein intake had moderate or high methodological quality and moderate outcome-specific certainty of evidence according to NutriGrade, however, the latter was low for the majority of SRs on animal and plant protein. Six of the eight SRs reported risk increases with both total and animal protein. According to one SR, total protein intake in studies was ~ 21 energy percentage (%E) in the highest intake category and 15%E in the lowest intake category. Relative Risks comparing high versus low intake in most recent SRs ranged from 1.09 (two SRs, 95% CIs 1.02–1.15 and 1.06–1.13) to 1.11 (1.05–1.16) for total protein (between 8 and 12 cohort studies included) and from 1.13 (1.08–1.19) to 1.19 (two SRs, 1.11–1.28 and 1.11–1.28) (8–9 cohort studies) for animal protein. However, SRs on RCTs examining major glycaemic traits (HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin) do not support a clear biological link with T2D risk. For plant protein, some recent SRs pointed towards risk decreases and non-linear associations, however, the majority did not support an association with T2D risk. Conclusion Higher total protein intake was possibly associated with higher T2D risk, while there is insufficient evidence for a risk increase with higher intakes of animal protein and a risk decrease with plant protein intake. Given that most SRs on plant protein did not indicate an association, there is possibly a lack of an effect. AU - Schulze, Matthias B. AU - Haardt, Julia AU - Amini, Anna M. AU - Kalotai, Nicole AU - Lehmann, Andreas AU - Schmidt, Annemarie AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Egert, Sarah AU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Kroke, Anja AU - Kühn, Tilman AU - Louis, Sandrine AU - Nimptsch, Katharina AU - Schwingshackl, Lukas AU - Siener, Roswitha AU - Zittermann, Armin AU - Watzl, Bernhard AU - Lorkowski, Stefan ID - 48374 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Protein intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline for protein intake of the German Nutrition Society ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose This umbrella review aimed to assess whether dietary protein intake with regard to quantitative (higher vs. lower dietary protein intake) and qualitative considerations (total, plant-based or animal-based protein intake) affects body weight (BW), fat mass (FM) and waist circumference (WC). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews (SRs) with and without meta-analyses of prospective studies published between 04 October 2007 and 04 January 2022. Methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of evidence of the retrieved SRs were assessed by using AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively, in order to rate the overall certainty of evidence using predefined criteria. Results Thirty-three SRs were included in this umbrella review; 29 were based on randomised controlled trials, a few included cohort studies. In studies without energy restriction, a high-protein diet did not modulate BW, FM and WC in adults in general (all “possible” evidence); for older adults, overall certainty of evidence was “insufficient” for all parameters. Under hypoenergetic diets, a high-protein diet mostly decreased BW and FM, but evidence was “insufficient” due to low methodological quality. Evidence regarding an influence of the protein type on BW, FM and WC was “insufficient”. Conclusion “Possible” evidence exists that the amount of protein does not affect BW, FM and WC in adults under isoenergetic conditions. Its impact on the reduction in BW and FM under hypoenergetic conditions remains unclear; evidence for an influence of protein type on BW, FM and WC is “insufficient”. AU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Amini, Anna M. AU - Haardt, Julia AU - Lehmann, Andreas AU - Schmidt, Annemarie AU - Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Kroke, Anja AU - Kühn, Tilman AU - Louis, Sandrine AU - Lorkowski, Stefan AU - Nimptsch, Katharina AU - Schulze, Matthias B. AU - Schwingshackl, Lukas AU - Siener, Roswitha AU - Stangl, Gabriele I. AU - Volkert, Dorothee AU - Zittermann, Armin AU - Watzl, Bernhard AU - Egert, Sarah ID - 48373 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Protein intake and body weight, fat mass and waist circumference: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose Our aim was to assess alignment in timing of ‘highest caloric intake’ with individual chronotype and its association with body composition in adolescents. Methods We used repeatedly collected data from n = 196 adolescents (age 9–16 years, providing N = 401 yearly questionnaires) of the DONALD open cohort study. Chronotype was assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire from which midpoint of sleep (MSFsc) was derived. A sex- and age-specific diet-chrono-alignment score (DCAS) was calculated as the difference in hours between the chronotype-specific median timing of highest caloric intake of the studied population and the individual timing of ‘highest caloric intake’ or vice versa. Repeated-measures regression models were applied to study cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the DCAS and body composition, e.g., Fat Mass Index (FMI) or Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI). Results DCAS ranged from −6:42 h to + 8:01 h and was not associated with body composition. Among adolescents with a later chronotype (N = 201) a 1 h increase in DCAS (later consumption of ‘highest caloric intake’ in comparison to the median intake of that group), increased FFMI by 1.92 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.15, 3.69, p value = 0.04) over a median follow-up of 0.94 year. Conclusion Alignment of energy intake with individual chronotype appears beneficial for FFMI among those with a late chronotype. AU - Jankovic, Nicole AU - Schmitting, Sarah AU - Stutz, Bianca AU - Krüger, Bettina AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Alexy, Ute ID - 48456 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Alignment between timing of ‘highest caloric intake’ and chronotype in relation to body composition during adolescence: the DONALD Study ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose The present work aimed to delineate (i) a revised protocol according to recent methodological developments in evidence generation, to (ii) describe its interpretation, the assessment of the overall certainty of evidence and to (iii) outline an Evidence to Decision framework for deriving an evidence-based guideline on quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary protein intake. Methods A methodological protocol to systematically investigate the association between dietary protein intake and several health outcomes and for deriving dietary protein intake recommendations for the primary prevention of various non-communicable diseases in the general adult population was developed. Results The developed methodological protocol relies on umbrella reviews including systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses. Systematic literature searches in three databases will be performed for each health-related outcome. The methodological quality of all selected systematic reviews will be evaluated using a modified version of AMSTAR 2, and the outcome-specific certainty of evidence for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis will be assessed with NutriGrade. The general outline of the Evidence to Decision framework foresees that recommendations in the derived guideline will be given based on the overall certainty of evidence as well as on additional criteria such as sustainability. Conclusion The methodological protocol permits a systematic evaluation of published systematic reviews on dietary protein intake and its association with selected health-related outcomes. An Evidence to Decision framework will be the basis for the overall conclusions and the resulting recommendations for dietary protein intake. AU - Kroke, Anja AU - Schmidt, Annemarie AU - Amini, Anna M. AU - Kalotai, Nicole AU - Lehmann, Andreas AU - Haardt, Julia AU - Bauer, Jürgen M. AU - Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. AU - Boeing, Heiner AU - Egert, Sarah AU - Ellinger, Sabine AU - Kühn, Tilman AU - Louis, Sandrine AU - Lorkowski, Stefan AU - Nimptsch, Katharina AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Schulze, Matthias B. AU - Siener, Roswitha AU - Stangl, Gabriele I. AU - Volkert, Dorothee AU - Zittermann, Armin AU - Buyken, Anette E. AU - Watzl, Bernhard AU - Schwingshackl, Lukas ID - 33009 IS - 4 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Dietary protein intake and health-related outcomes: a methodological protocol for the evidence evaluation and the outline of an evidence to decision framework underlying the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society VL - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bühlmeier, Judith AU - Frölich, Stefanie AU - Ludwig, Christine AU - Knoll-Pientka, Nadja AU - Schmidt, Börge AU - Föcker, Manuel AU - Libuda, Lars ID - 33383 IS - 6 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Correction to: Changes in patterns of eating habits and food intake during the first German COVID-19 lockdown: results of a cross-sectional online survey VL - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic and public measures have a direct impact on the nutrition situation; studies show changes in food consumption, eating behavior or body weight but complex pattern analyses of changes rarely exist. Methods During the first German lockdown, a web-based survey was conducted among adults. It included 33 questions about changes in food intake, eating habits and physical activity, as well as anthropometrics and sociodemographic factors. Patterns of change were calculated based on changes in food intake and eating habits using two-step cluster analysis. To identify influencing factors for assignment to the patterns of change, binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Data from 2103 participants (81% female, 40 ± 14 years) were considered for analysis. Increased stockpiling, cooking, and variation in preparation was reported by 50–70%. The constant pattern (C-P, 36%) reported little change besides the above. The health-oriented pattern (HO-P; 37%) reported eating more healthy foods, avoiding unhealthy foods, and eating less and less frequently. The emotional-driven pattern (ED-P; 28%) exhibits higher influence of emotions on eating behavior, less avoidance of unhealthy foods, and increased consumption of sweets, pastries, and alcohol. The odds of changing eating behavior either to HO-P or ED-P were higher in women, people with migration background, younger participants, and increased with BMI categories. Conclusion Both, the ED-P and HO-P, exhibit distinctive reactions in eating habits and food intake when dealing with a distressing experience. In subgroups, these may lead to disturbances in eating behavior and increase the risk for eating disorders and obesity. AU - Bühlmeier, Judith AU - Frölich, Stefanie AU - Ludwig, Christine AU - Knoll-Pientka, Nadja AU - Schmidt, Börge AU - Föcker, Manuel AU - Libuda, Lars ID - 32328 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Changes in patterns of eating habits and food intake during the first German COVID-19 lockdown: results of a cross-sectional online survey ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose We aimed to investigate whether parental and siblings’ sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake had prospective impact on children’s SSB consumption, and the potential sex difference in these associations. Methods This study included a total of 904 children and their parents enrolled from 2004 to 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study. SSB consumption information was estimated using a short dietary questionnaire and total energy intake was assessed with three-day 24-h dietary assessments at recruitment and follow-up surveys. Multivariate logistic or linear regression analyses were used to assess the association for SSB consumption between parents, siblings and children after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) z-score, household income and parental educational level. Results In this study, a majority (87.6%) of children consumed SSB. Among them, the median consumption of SSB was 70.3 ml/day per capita and 205.4 ml/day per consumer. Parental SSB consumption was relevant to children’s SSB consumption, and this association was more pronounced in boys than in girls. Meanwhile, fathers seemed to have a stronger impact on whether children consume SSB than mothers which was reflected by lower P and higher OR. Additionally, children’s SSB intake was prospectively associated with their older siblings’ SSB consumption (Pfor trend < 0.03). Conclusions Parental and older siblings’ SSB consumption was relevant to children’s SSB intake. Particularly, boys were more susceptible to parental impact than girls, and fathers seemed to have a greater influence on children than mothers. AU - Liu, Xue-Ting AU - Xiong, Jing-Yuan AU - Xu, Yu-Jie AU - Zhao, Li AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Cheng, Guo ID - 33235 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Prospective association of family members’ sugar-sweetened beverages intake with children’s sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in China ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vinoy, S AU - Goletzke, J AU - Rakhshandehroo, M AU - Schweitzer, L AU - Flourakis, M AU - Körner, A AU - Alexy, U AU - van Schothorst, EM AU - Ceriello, A AU - Zakrzewski-Fruer, JK AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 35307 JF - Eur J Nutr SN - 1436-6207 TI - Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop. ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractTo summarize current knowledge and gaps regarding the role of postprandial glycaemic response in the paediatric population, a workshop was organized in June 2021 by the European branch of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This virtual event comprised of talks given by experts followed by in-depth discussions in breakout sessions with workshop participants. The main pre-specified topics addressed by the workshop organizing committee to the invited speakers and the workshop participants were: (1) the role of glycaemic responses for paediatric health, based on mechanistic insights from animal and human data, and long-term evidence from observational and intervention studies in paediatric populations, and (2) changes in metabolism and changes in dietary needs from infancy to adolescence. Each talk as well as the discussions were summarised, including the main identified research gaps. The workshop led to the consensus on the crucial role on health of postprandial glycaemic response in paediatric population. However, a lack of scientific data has been identified regarding detailed glucose and insulin profiles in response to foods commonly consumed by paediatric populations, as well as a lack of long-term evidence including the need for suitable predictors during childhood and adolescence to anticipate health effects during adulthood. AU - Vinoy, Sophie AU - Goletzke, Janina AU - Rakhshandehroo, Maryam AU - Schweitzer, Lisa AU - Flourakis, Matthieu AU - Körner, Antje AU - Alexy, Ute AU - van Schothorst, Evert M. AU - Ceriello, Antonio AU - Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia K. AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 45809 IS - 3 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet’: results from a multistakeholder workshop VL - 62 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose Studies about effects of lunch dietary Glycemic Index (GI) on cognition of schoolchildren are scarce. Our previous CogniDo GI study found no changes of cognition in the early postprandial phase after consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch (i.e., 45 min after starting lunch). This study investigated whether the dietary GI of lunch has an impact on cognition of schoolchildren in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Methods A randomized, 2 × 2 crossover intervention study was conducted at a comprehensive school with 5th and 6th grade students. Participants (n = 212) were randomly assigned to either sequence 1 or 2. In the first period, participants of sequence 1 received a dish with high GI rice (GI: 79), those of sequence 2 with medium GI rice (GI: 64)—in the second period, 1 week later, vice versa. Computer-based cognitive testing was performed 90 min after lunch examining tonic alertness, visual search and task switching, and working memory. Treatment effects and treatment effects adjusted for estimated lunch glycemic load (GL) were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results The selected cognitive parameters were not affected by the GI of lunch 90 min after lunch, neither after intention-to-treat nor in the per-protocol analysis. Adjustment for GL also did not change results. Conclusion The present study revealed no notable differences after the consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch in children’s cognitive function in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Clinical trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00013597); date of registration: 16/04/2018, retrospectively registered. AU - Drozdowska, Alina AU - Sinningen, Kathrin AU - Falkenstein, Michael AU - Rudolf, Henrik AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Buyken, Anette E. AU - Lücke, Thomas AU - Kersting, Mathilde ID - 28879 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Impact of lunch with carbohydrates differing in glycemic index on children's cognitive functioning in the late postprandial phase: a randomized crossover study ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose To examine the association between fructose intake in adolescence and fatty liver indices (hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI)) in young adulthood. Methods Overall, 246 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating fructose intakes and other fructose-containing sugars (total (TS), free (FS), added sugar (AS)) as well as two complete 24-h urine samples for calculating sugar excretion (fructose excretion (FE), fructose + sucrose excretion (FE + SE)) in adolescence (males: 9.5–16.5 years; females: 8.5–15.5 years) were analysed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Results On the level of dietary intake, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose intake and both adult fatty liver indices, whereas higher FS intakes were associated with lower levels of HSI (Ptrend = 0.02) and FLI (Ptrend = 0.03). On the urinary excretion level, however, a higher FE (Ptrend = 0.03) and FE + SE (Ptrend = 0.01) in adolescence were prospectively related to higher adult FLI values. No associations were observed between adolescent sugar excretion and adult HSI. Conclusion The present study does not provide unambiguous support for a detrimental impact of adolescent fructose intake on adult liver health. Nonetheless, further examinations estimating exposure by means of urinary excretion as well as dietary intake levels appear warranted. AU - Perrar, Ines AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Penczynski, Katharina J. AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Kuhnle, Gunter G. AU - Herder, Christian AU - Roden, Michael AU - Della Corte, Karen AU - Nöthlings, Ute AU - Alexy, Ute ID - 27007 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose Studies about effects of lunch dietary Glycemic Index (GI) on cognition of schoolchildren are scarce. Our previous CogniDo GI study found no changes of cognition in the early postprandial phase after consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch (i.e., 45 min after starting lunch). This study investigated whether the dietary GI of lunch has an impact on cognition of schoolchildren in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Methods A randomized, 2 × 2 crossover intervention study was conducted at a comprehensive school with 5th and 6th grade students. Participants (n = 212) were randomly assigned to either sequence 1 or 2. In the first period, participants of sequence 1 received a dish with high GI rice (GI: 79), those of sequence 2 with medium GI rice (GI: 64)—in the second period, 1 week later, vice versa. Computer-based cognitive testing was performed 90 min after lunch examining tonic alertness, visual search and task switching, and working memory. Treatment effects and treatment effects adjusted for estimated lunch glycemic load (GL) were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results The selected cognitive parameters were not affected by the GI of lunch 90 min after lunch, neither after intention-to-treat nor in the per-protocol analysis. Adjustment for GL also did not change results. Conclusion The present study revealed no notable differences after the consumption of two rice types with medium vs. high dietary GI for lunch in children’s cognitive function in the late postprandial phase, 90 min after lunch. Clinical trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00013597); date of registration: 16/04/2018, retrospectively registered. AU - Drozdowska, Alina AU - Sinningen, Kathrin AU - Falkenstein, Michael AU - Rudolf, Henrik AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Lücke, Thomas AU - Kersting, Mathilde ID - 35303 IS - 3 JF - European Journal of Nutrition KW - Nutrition and Dietetics KW - Medicine (miscellaneous) SN - 1436-6207 TI - Impact of lunch with carbohydrates differing in glycemic index on children's cognitive functioning in the late postprandial phase: a randomized crossover study VL - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Background While observational studies revealed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the causality of this relationship remains unclear. Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to examine whether 25(OH)D has an effect on the risk to develop ADHD or vice versa. Information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with serum 25(OH)D was obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) considering phenotype data from 79,366 individuals of European ancestry. Data on risk for ADHD were derived from a GWAS analysis with 20,183 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,191 controls. For our analysis, we considered effect sizes based on the European participants (19,099 cases and 34,194 controls). Results Single SNP analyses showed a causal effect of vitamin D on ADHD risk for only one SNP (rs12785878, p = 0.024). The overall MR estimates did not reveal a causal effect of 25(OH)D on risk for ADHD. In the reverse analysis, neither any single nor the multi-SNP MR analyses showed a causal effect of ADHD on 25(OH)D. Conclusion Results from this two-sample MR study did not confirm a causal effect of 25(OH)D on ADHD or vice versa. Accordingly, our study does not provide evidence that improving 25(OH)D via supplementation could reduce the risk of developing ADHD. AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Naaresh, Roaa AU - Ludwig, Christine AU - Laabs, Björn-Hergen AU - Antel, Jochen AU - Föcker, Manuel AU - Hebebrand, Johannes AU - Hinney, Anke AU - Peters, Triinu ID - 26527 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - A mendelian randomization study on causal effects of 25(OH)vitamin D levels on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose The influences of nutrition in childhood on puberty onset could have sustained consequences for health and wellbeing later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association of diet quality prior to puberty with the timing of puberty onset. Methods We considered data from 3983 SCCNG (Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth) study participants with dietary data, anthropometric measurement, and information on potential confounders at their baseline assessment (mean age: 7.1 years for girls and 7.3 years for boys; mean length of follow-up was 4.2 years). Cox proportional hazard regression estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the relationship between diet quality and puberty onset. Dietary intake at baseline was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was determined using the Chinese Children Dietary Index (CCDI) which measures adherence to current dietary recommendations (theoretical range: 0–160 points). Age at Tanner stage 2 for breast/genital development (B2/G2), menarche or voice break (M/VB) were used as pubertal markers. Results The CCDI score ranged from 56.2 to 136.3 for girls and 46.1–131.5 for boys. Pubertal markers consistently indicate that girls and boys with higher diet quality were more likely to enter their puberty later than their counterparts with lower CCDI scores (higher vs. lower CCDI tertiles: adjusted HR for age at B2: 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81–0.94), p for trend = 0.02; G2: 0.86 (95% CI,0.80–0.96), p for trend = 0.02; M: 0.86 (95% CI,0.80–0.95), p for trend = 0.02; VB: 0.86 (95% CI,0.79–0.98), p for trend = 0.03), after adjustment for paternal education level, baseline energy intake, and pre-pubertal body fat. Conclusions Our data suggested a later puberty onset and later timing of progressed puberty stages in children with a high diet quality, which were independent of pre-pubertal body fat. AU - Duan, Ruonan AU - Qiao, Tian AU - Chen, Yue AU - Chen, Mengxue AU - Xue, Hongmei AU - Zhou, Xue AU - Yang, Mingzhe AU - Liu, Yan AU - Zhao, Li AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Cheng, Guo ID - 26529 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - The overall diet quality in childhood is prospectively associated with the timing of puberty ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Purpose While observational studies revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels [25(OH)D] and depression, randomized controlled trials (RCT) in children and adolescents are lacking. This RCT examined the effect of an untreated vitamin D deficiency compared to an immediate vitamin D3 supplementation on depression scores in children and adolescents during standard day and in-patient psychiatric treatment. Methods Patients with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D ≤ 30 nmol/l] and at least mild depression [Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) > 13] (n = 113) were 1:1 randomized into verum (VG; 2640 IU vitamin D3/d) or placebo group (PG) in a double-blind manner. During the intervention period of 28 days, both groups additionally received treatment as usual. BDI-II scores were assessed as primary outcome, DISYPS-II (Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Self- and Parent Rating) and serum total 25(OH)D were secondary outcomes. Results At admission, 49.3% of the screened patients (n = 280) had vitamin D deficiency. Although the intervention led to a higher increase of 25(OH)D levels in the VG than in the PG (treatment difference: + 14 ng/ml; 95% CI 4.86–23.77; p = 0.003), the change in BDI-II scores did not differ (+ 1.3; 95% CI − 2.22 to 4.81; p = 0.466). In contrast, DISYPS parental ratings revealed pronounced improvements of depressive symptoms in the VG (− 0.68; 95% CI − 1.23 to − 0.13; p = 0.016). Conclusion Whereas this study failed to show a vitamin D supplementation effect on self-rated depression in adolescent in- or daycare patients, parents reported less depressive symptoms in VG at the end of our study. Future trials should consider clinician-rated depressive symptoms as primary outcome. Trial registration “German Clinical Trials Register” (https://www.drks.de), registration number: DRKS00009758 AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Timmesfeld, Nina AU - Antel, Jochen AU - Hirtz, Raphael AU - Bauer, Jens AU - Führer, Dagmar AU - Zwanziger, Denise AU - Öztürk, Dana AU - Langenbach, Gina AU - Hahn, Denise AU - Ring, Stefanie AU - Peters, Triinu AU - Hinney, Anke AU - Bühlmeier, Judith AU - Hebebrand, Johannes AU - Grasemann, Corinna AU - Föcker, Manuel ID - 27022 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Effect of vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatric patients: results of a randomized controlled trial ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perrar, Ines AU - Schmitting, Sarah AU - Della Corte, Karen W. AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Alexy, Ute ID - 27003 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Age and time trends in sugar intake among children and adolescents: results from the DONALD study ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, Tommy H. T. AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Brand-Miller, Jennie C. AU - Louie, Jimmy Chun Yu ID - 27004 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Is there a soft drink vs. alcohol seesaw? A cross-sectional analysis of dietary data in the Australian Health Survey 2011–12 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Penczynski, Katharina J. AU - Herder, Christian AU - Krupp, Danika AU - Rienks, Johanna AU - Egert, Sarah AU - Wudy, Stefan A. AU - Roden, Michael AU - Remer, Thomas AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 26928 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Flavonoid intake from fruit and vegetables during adolescence is prospectively associated with a favourable risk factor profile for type 2 diabetes in early adulthood ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwingshackl, Lukas AU - Buyken, Anette AU - Chaimani, Anna ID - 27002 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Network meta-analysis reaches nutrition research ER - TY - JOUR AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Hilbig, Annett AU - Berber-Al-Tawil, Seda AU - Kalhoff, Hermann AU - Kersting, Mathilde ID - 27028 JF - European Journal of Nutrition SN - 1436-6207 TI - Association between full breastfeeding, timing of complementary food introduction, and iron status in infancy in Germany: results of a secondary analysis of a randomized trial ER -