@article{60047, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. To ensure consistent performance of each test, it is necessary to adapt the power increase of the test protocol to the physical characteristics of each individual. This study aimed to use machine learning models to determine individualized ramp protocols based on non-exercise features. We hypothesized that machine learning models will predict peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak) and peak power output (PPO) more accurately than conventional multiple linear regression (MLR). Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 274 (♀168, ♂106) participants who performed CPET on a cycle ergometer. Machine learning models and multiple linear regression were used to predict $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak and PPO using non-exercise features. The accuracy of the models was compared using criteria such as root mean square error (RMSE). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was applied to determine the feature importance. Results The most accurate machine learning model was the random forest (RMSE: 6.52 ml/kg/min [95% CI 5.21–8.17]) for $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak prediction and the gradient boosting regression (RMSE: 43watts [95% CI 35–52]) for PPO prediction. Compared to the MLR, the machine learning models reduced the RMSE by up to 28% and 22% for prediction of $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak and PPO, respectively. Furthermore, SHAP ranked body composition data such as skeletal muscle mass and extracellular water as the most impactful features. Conclusion Machine learning models predict $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak and PPO more accurately than MLR and can be used to individualize CPET protocols. Features that provide information about the participant's body composition contribute most to the improvement of these predictions. Trial registration number DRKS00031401 (6 March 2023, retrospectively registered). }}, author = {{Wenzel, Charlotte and Liebig, Thomas and Swoboda, Adrian and Smolareck, Rika and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Walzik, David and Groll, Andreas and Goulding, Richie P. and Zimmer, Philipp}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{3421--3431}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Machine learning predicts peak oxygen uptake and peak power output for customizing cardiopulmonary exercise testing using non-exercise features}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-024-05543-x}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{60092, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Research supports physical activity as a method to heighten stress resistance and resilience through positive metabolic alterations mostly affecting the neuroendocrine system. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a highly effective time-saving method to induce those changes. However, existing literature relies heavily on cross-sectional analyses, with few randomised controlled trials highlighting the necessity for more exercise interventions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of HIIT versus an active control group on the stress response to an acute psychosocial stressor in emotionally impulsive humans (suggested as being strong stress responders). Methods The study protocol was registered online (DRKS00016589) before data collection. Sedentary, emotionally impulsive adults (30.69 ± 8.20 y) were recruited for a supervised intervention of 8 weeks and randomly allocated to either a HIIT (n = 25) or a stretching group (n = 19, acting as active controls). Participants were submitted to a test battery, including saliva samples, questionnaires (self-efficacy- and perceived stress-related), visual analogue scales (physical exercise- and stress-related), and resting electroencephalography and electrocardiography assessing their reaction to an acute psychological stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) before and after the exercise intervention. Results HIIT increased aerobic fitness in all participants, whereas stretching did not. Participants from the HIIT group reported perceiving exercising more intensively than those from the active control group (ƞp2 = 0.108, p = 0.038). No further group differences were detected. Both interventions largely increased levels of joy post-TSST (ƞp2 = 0.209, p = 0.003) whilst decreasing tension (ƞp2 = 0.262, p < 0.001) and worries (ƞp2 = 0.113, p = 0.037). Finally, both interventions largely increased perceived levels of general self-efficacy (ƞp2 = 0.120, p = 0.029). Conclusion This study suggests that 8 weeks of HIIT does not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to an acute psychological stress test compared to an active control group in emotionally impulsive humans. Further replications of supervised exercise studies highly powered with active and passive controls are warranted. }}, author = {{Javelle, F. and Bloch, W. and Borges, U. and Burberg, T. and Collins, B. and Gunasekara, N. and Hosang, T. J. and Jacobsen, T. and Laborde, S. and Löw, A. and Schenk, A. and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Schoser, D. and Vogel, A. and Walzik, D. and Zimmer, P.}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{2893--2908}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training versus stretching do not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to a social stress test in emotionally impulsive humans}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-024-05471-w}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{26012, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Exhaustive cardiovascular load can affect neural processing and is associated with decreases in sensorimotor performance. The purpose of this study was to explore intensity-dependent modulations in brain network efficiency in response to treadmill running assessed from resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) measures. Methods Sixteen trained participants were tested for individual peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and performed an incremental treadmill exercise at 50% (10 min), 70% (10 min) and 90% speed VO2 peak (all-out) followed by cool-down running and active recovery. Before the experiment and after each stage, borg scale (BS), blood lactate concentration (BLa), resting heartrate (HRrest) and 64-channel EEG resting state were assessed. To analyze network efficiency, graph theory was applied to derive small world index (SWI) from EEG data in theta, alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequency bands. Results Analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed significant main effects for intensity on BS, BLa, HRrest and SWI. While BS, BLa and HRrest indicated maxima after all-out, SWI showed a reduction in the theta network after all-out. Conclusion Our explorative approach suggests intensity-dependent modulations of resting-state brain networks, since exhaustive exercise temporarily reduces brain network efficiency. Resting-state network assessment may prospectively play a role in training monitoring by displaying the readiness and efficiency of the central nervous system in different training situations. }}, author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, pages = {{2423--2435}}, title = {{{Exploring intensity-dependent modulations in EEG resting-state network efficiency induced by exercise}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-021-04712-6}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{33389, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Space flight and bed rest (BR) lead to a rapid decline in exercise capacity. Whey protein plus potassium bicarbonate diet-supplementation (NUTR) could attenuate this effect by improving oxidative metabolism. We evaluated the impact of 21-day BR and NUTR on fatigue resistance of plantar flexor muscles (PF) during repeated shortening contractions, and whether any change was related to altered energy metabolism and muscle oxygenation. Methods Ten healthy men received a standardized isocaloric diet with (n = 5) or without (n = 5) NUTR. Eight bouts of 24 concentric plantar flexions (30 s each bout) with 20 s rest between bouts were employed. PF muscle size was assessed by means of peripheral quantitative computed tomography. PF muscle volume was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. PF muscle force, contraction velocity, power and surface electromyogram signals were recorded during each contraction, as well as energy metabolism (31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy). Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured during an incremental cycle exercise test. Results BR caused 10–15% loss of PF volume that was partly recovered 3 days after re-ambulation, as a consequence of fluid redistribution. Unexpectedly, PF fatigue resistance was not affected by BR or NUTR. BR induced a shift in muscle metabolism toward glycolysis and some signs of impaired muscle oxygen extraction. NUTR did not attenuate the BR-induced-shift in energy metabolism. Conclusions Twenty-one days’ BR did not impair PF fatigue resistance, but the shift to glycolytic metabolism and indications of impaired oxygen extraction may be early signs of developing reduced muscle fatigue resistance. }}, author = {{Bosutti, Alessandra and Mulder, Edwin and Zange, Jochen and Bühlmeier, Judith and Ganse, Bergita and Degens, Hans}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, keywords = {{Physiology (medical), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, General Medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Physiology}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{969--983}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Effects of 21 days of bed rest and whey protein supplementation on plantar flexor muscle fatigue resistance during repeated shortening contractions}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-020-04333-5}}, volume = {{120}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{20465, author = {{Zult, T and Gokeler, A and Raay JJAM, van and Brouwer, RW and Zijdewind, I and Farthing, JP and Hortobágyi, T}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{Eur J Appl Physiol}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{1609--1623}}, title = {{{Cross-education does not accelerate the rehabilitation of neuromuscular functions after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial.}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-018-3892-1}}, volume = {{118}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{33398, author = {{Mulder, E. and Clément, G. and Linnarsson, D. and Paloski, W. H. and Wuyts, F. P. and Zange, J. and Frings-Meuthen, P. and Johannes, B. and Shushakov, V. and Grunewald, M. and Maassen, N. and Bühlmeier, Judith and Rittweger, J.}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, keywords = {{Physiology (medical), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, General Medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Physiology}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{727--738}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Musculoskeletal effects of 5 days of bed rest with and without locomotion replacement training}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-014-3045-0}}, volume = {{115}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{60720, author = {{Needle, Alan R. and Swanik, C. Buz and Schubert, Michael and Reinecke, Kirsten and Farquhar, William B. and Higginson, Jill S. and Kaminski, Thomas W. and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{2129--2138}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Decoupling of laxity and cortical activation in functionally unstable ankles during joint loading}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-014-2929-3}}, volume = {{114}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{60712, author = {{Baumeister, Jochen and Reinecke, Kirsten and Schubert, Michael and Schade, Johannes and Weiss, Michael}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{2475--2482}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Effects of induced fatigue on brain activity during sensorimotor control}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-011-2215-6}}, volume = {{112}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{60715, author = {{Baumeister, Jochen and Reinecke, Kirsten and Liesen, Heinz and Weiss, Michael}}, issn = {{1439-6319}}, journal = {{European Journal of Applied Physiology}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{625--631}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Cortical activity of skilled performance in a complex sports related motor task}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00421-008-0811-x}}, volume = {{104}}, year = {{2008}}, }