[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"49428","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"22"},{"_id":"395"}],"_id":"27023","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>Blood immunoreactive biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia. Studies comprehensively and bidirectionally probing possible causal links between such blood constituents and liability to schizophrenia are lacking.</jats:p>\r\n               </jats:sec>\r\n               <jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>To disentangle putative causal links between CRP blood levels and schizophrenia in both directions, we conducted multiple univariable Mendelian-randomization (MR) analyses, ranging from fixed-effect to inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted-median, MR Egger and generalized summary-data-based Mendelian-randomization (GSMR) models. To prioritize metabolic risk factors for schizophrenia, a novel multivariable approach was applied: multivariable Mendelian-randomization–Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA).</jats:p>\r\n               </jats:sec>\r\n               <jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>All forward univariable MR analyses consistently showed that CRP has a protective effect on schizophrenia, whereas reverse MR analyses consistently suggested absent causal effects of schizophrenia liability on CRP blood levels. Using MR-BMA, as the top protective factors for schizophrenia we prioritized leucine and as the prime risk-factor triglycerides in medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The five best-performing MR-BMA models provided one additional risk factor: triglycerides in large VLDL; and two additional protective factors: citrate and lactate.</jats:p>\r\n               </jats:sec>\r\n               <jats:sec>\r\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>Our results add to a growing body of literature hinting at metabolic changes—in particular of triglycerides—independently of medication status in schizophrenia. We also highlight the absent effects of genetic liability to schizophrenia on CRP levels.</jats:p>\r\n               </jats:sec>"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"International Journal of Epidemiology","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyz176","title":"Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study","author":[{"first_name":"Bochao D","last_name":"Lin","full_name":"Lin, Bochao D"},{"last_name":"Alkema","full_name":"Alkema, Anne","first_name":"Anne"},{"first_name":"Triinu","full_name":"Peters, Triinu","last_name":"Peters"},{"first_name":"Janneke","last_name":"Zinkstok","full_name":"Zinkstok, Janneke"},{"last_name":"Libuda","orcid":"0000-0003-1603-3133","full_name":"Libuda, Lars","id":"88682","first_name":"Lars"},{"last_name":"Hebebrand","full_name":"Hebebrand, Johannes","first_name":"Johannes"},{"first_name":"Jochen","full_name":"Antel, Jochen","last_name":"Antel"},{"full_name":"Hinney, Anke","last_name":"Hinney","first_name":"Anke"},{"first_name":"Wiepke","full_name":"Cahn, Wiepke","last_name":"Cahn"},{"last_name":"Adan","full_name":"Adan, Roger","first_name":"Roger"},{"last_name":"Luykx","full_name":"Luykx, Jurjen J","first_name":"Jurjen J"}],"date_created":"2021-11-01T19:15:07Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:57:32Z","citation":{"ama":"Lin BD, Alkema A, Peters T, et al. Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. Published online 2019:1505-1514. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176\">10.1093/ije/dyz176</a>","ieee":"B. D. Lin <i>et al.</i>, “Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study,” <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>, pp. 1505–1514, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176\">10.1093/ije/dyz176</a>.","chicago":"Lin, Bochao D, Anne Alkema, Triinu Peters, Janneke Zinkstok, Lars Libuda, Johannes Hebebrand, Jochen Antel, et al. “Assessing Causal Links between Metabolic Traits, Inflammation and Schizophrenia: A Univariable and Multivariable, Bidirectional Mendelian-Randomization Study.” <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>, 2019, 1505–14. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176\">https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176</a>.","apa":"Lin, B. D., Alkema, A., Peters, T., Zinkstok, J., Libuda, L., Hebebrand, J., Antel, J., Hinney, A., Cahn, W., Adan, R., &#38; Luykx, J. J. (2019). Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>, 1505–1514. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176\">https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176</a>","short":"B.D. Lin, A. Alkema, T. Peters, J. Zinkstok, L. Libuda, J. Hebebrand, J. Antel, A. Hinney, W. Cahn, R. Adan, J.J. Luykx, International Journal of Epidemiology (2019) 1505–1514.","bibtex":"@article{Lin_Alkema_Peters_Zinkstok_Libuda_Hebebrand_Antel_Hinney_Cahn_Adan_et al._2019, title={Assessing causal links between metabolic traits, inflammation and schizophrenia: a univariable and multivariable, bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176\">10.1093/ije/dyz176</a>}, journal={International Journal of Epidemiology}, author={Lin, Bochao D and Alkema, Anne and Peters, Triinu and Zinkstok, Janneke and Libuda, Lars and Hebebrand, Johannes and Antel, Jochen and Hinney, Anke and Cahn, Wiepke and Adan, Roger and et al.}, year={2019}, pages={1505–1514} }","mla":"Lin, Bochao D., et al. “Assessing Causal Links between Metabolic Traits, Inflammation and Schizophrenia: A Univariable and Multivariable, Bidirectional Mendelian-Randomization Study.” <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>, 2019, pp. 1505–14, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz176\">10.1093/ije/dyz176</a>."},"page":"1505-1514","year":"2019","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0300-5771","1464-3685"]}}]