@article{64859,
  abstract     = {{This study investigated whether external effort mobilization through try-harder instructions enhances performance in complex motor tasks, as reflected by the reduction of costs associated with producing a deceptive action. Basketball passing movements with and without head fakes were examined in a reaction-time paradigm. Participants were generally instructed to initiate the movement as fast and accurately as possible, while try-harder instructions were presented in 25 % of trials, prompting participants to mobilize all their cognitive resources to perform even faster. To investigate if athletic expertise modulates the potential effects of effort mobilization, basketball novices and experienced players were tested. Results demonstrated that try-harder instructions generally improved participants’ performance, facilitating faster response initiation times and movement execution, as well as a specific reduction in initiation time variability. Novices benefited more than experienced players, indicating that effort results in greater improvement when complex motor actions (for example, passes with head fakes) are not yet fully stabilized and lack automated fluency. This pattern suggests that effort enhances performance in complex actions when performance is limited by the amount of cognitive capacity available, supporting the coordination of partly conflicting movement components within tight temporal constraints. The findings extend previous research on effort mobilization from simple to complex motor tasks. Try-harder instructions appear to enhance performance primarily by reducing attentional lapses rather than generally improving processing speed. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of effort mobilization in experienced athletes in situations of high concurrent cognitive load.}},
  author       = {{Böer, Nils Tobias and Steinborn, Michael B. and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Effort, Try-harder instruction, Deception, Basketball, Head fake, Fake production}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Mobilizing effort in complex motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive actions}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083}},
  volume       = {{84}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{49515,
  author       = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Jackson, Robin C. and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Action outcome probability influences the size of the head-fake effect in basketball}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102467}},
  volume       = {{68}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{32361,
  author       = {{Scharfen, Hans-Erik and Lehmann, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Cortical responses to sport-specific stimuli in a standing stop signal task}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102250}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35622,
  author       = {{Scharfen, Hans-Erik and Lehmann, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Cortical responses to sport-specific stimuli in a standing stop signal task}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102250}},
  volume       = {{63}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{37762,
  author       = {{Friehs, Maximilian A. and Whelan, Eric and Güldenpenning, Iris and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Stimulating performance: A scoping review on transcranial electrical stimulation effects on olympic sports}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102130}},
  volume       = {{59}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{42714,
  abstract     = {{Physical self-concept (PSC) and motor competencies are important factors in view of the development of a physically active lifestyle. There are research gaps regarding longitudinal studies of these relationships. This article presents findings of a longitudinal study (n = 200; 58% girls, M = 8.84 ± 0.63 years) at three primary schools. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between actual motor competencies (AMC) and perceived motor competencies (PMC) and PSC. Therefore, manifest path models in cross-lagged design were performed. Results show that correlations between PMC and AMC increased over time and were stronger in object control than in locomotor. Effects of AMC on PSC were more strongly mediated by PMC in object control than in locomotor. To promote physical activity, developing strategies should be aimed at the acquisition of AMC, particularly in object control, and PMC, especially in locomotor, during childhood.}},
  author       = {{Strotmeyer, Anne and Herrmann, Christian and Kehne, Miriam}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A longitudinal analysis of reciprocal relationships between actual and perceived motor competencies and physical self-concept in primary-school age children}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102269}},
  volume       = {{63}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{48698,
  author       = {{Friehs, Maximilian A. and Whelan, Eric and Güldenpenning, Iris and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Stimulating performance: A scoping review on transcranial electrical stimulation effects on olympic sports}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102130}},
  volume       = {{59}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{37785,
  author       = {{Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias and Memmert, Daniel and Klatt, Stefanie}},
  issn         = {{1469-0292}},
  journal      = {{Psychology of Sport and Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  pages        = {{101764}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Processing deceptive information in sports: Individual differences for responding to head fakes depends on the attentional capability of the observer}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101764}},
  volume       = {{51}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}